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A popular 2013 webcomic by The Oatmeal sparked a widespread online fascination with the idea that mantis shrimp can see mysterious “shrimp colors” beyond human imagination. Although the story is more ...

We compared thousands of genes across 86 species of jellyfish and their relatives to ask how often natural selection appears to have produced the same changes in proteins in different lineages. These repeated changes were surprisingly widespread. They were somewhat less common in more distantly related species, but remained more frequent than expected by chance even in lineages that separated more than 600 million years ago. Yet pairs of species that had independently evolved the same conspicuous traits—eyes, loss of the jellyfish stage, or upright colonies—did not share more repeated protein changes than other pairs. Instead, the changes were concentrated in genes involved in metabolism, immunity, and processing foreign chemicals. These results suggest that evolution often repeats at the molecular level, but this repetition reflects complex interactions between organisms and their environments rather than being tightly linked to the same obvious traits.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

Pande et al. show that visually hunting spiders have convergently evolved forward-facing eyes. The positions and orientations of the eyes show the greatest morphological disparity and fastest evolutio...

ALT: Bioluminescence Giant Squid

Cnidae are explosive harpoon-like organelles localized within stinging cells, or cnidocytes, of the phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, hydroids, sea anemones, and corals). These unique Golgi-derived vesicula...

Abstract. Predicting phenotypes from genetic variation is a central challenge in biology. Here, machine learning (ML) offers great promise, but its use is

We tested the novel hypothesis that genes encoding enzymes and transporters in pigment pathways (“pigment genes”) produce pigments in the firefly light organ that filter bioluminescent light, tuning ...

The Simons Foundation’s Life Sciences division is now accepting applications for its 2027 Simons Graduate Fellowships in Ecology and Evolution.

A symbiotic rove beetle develops a stealth phenotype by silencing production of its hydrocarbon pheromones, enabling it to infiltrate ant colonies, steal ant pheromones, and achieve social acceptance ...

Abstract. Some genes encoding proteins within the co-evolved pre- and postsynaptic compartments are present in genomes long preceding the origination of th

For over a century, evolutionary biologists have been motivated to understand the mechanisms through which organisms adapt to their environments. Coloration and pigmentation are remarkably variable wi...

As funding for science tightens across the United States, attention has turned to pressures faced by universities and biomedical research institutions. An often overlooked part of the nation’s science...

Body size variation in vertebrates is a complex polygenic trait, tightly correlated with numerous aspects of a species’ biology, ecology, and physi...

Combining fossil-based and molecular calibrations with data on horizontal gene transfer events, the authors develop a time-calibrated phylogeny of Fungi. This timescale, which integrates analytic uncertainties, suggests an older age of crown Fungi (1,401–896 million years ago), as well as a minimum age for ancient interactions involving fungi and the algal ancestors of embryophytes in terrestrial ecosystems (1,253–797 Ma).

The cultural macroevolution of arcade video games: innovation, collaboration, and collapse - Volume 7

ALT: a black and white dog is sitting on a couch with its tongue sticking out .

Synopsis. Opsins are G-protein-coupled receptors often expressed in neuronal photoreceptor cells and used for light detection in most animals, including cn

Katherine Esau, Ukrainian immigrant who revolutionised plant biology, discusses her journey from sugar beet fields to pioneering electron microscopy. The definitive plant anatomist explains how her…