Abstract. Early childhood development is scaffolded by rapid maturation of brain white matter structure, believed to support the emergence of cognitive and

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Executive functions (EFs) develop dramatically across childhood and predict important outcomes, including academic achievement. These links are often attributed to individual differences in EF capacities. However, individual difference accounts underemphasize contextual influences on EF. We propose a complementary perspective, the adaptive habits framework, which emphasizes how contextual factors support or hinder EF engagement in children. Contexts that support repeated EF engagement establish habits for engaging EF in similar contexts and in similar ways. Such habits, in turn, reduce the effort associated with engaging EF and thus increase the likelihood of deciding to engage EF in the future. We interpret empirical findings through the lens of adaptive habits, discuss the implications of this framework, and propose novel research approaches and interventions to support EF in children.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders...

The landmark ongoing HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) study will longitudinally chart brain development in a large sample (projected n=7,200) of infants through age 10 years with multimo...

This spatial scale, bridging cells and brain areas, has been overlooked in human brain research. But advances in fMRI technology are changing that.

Research Assistant, Radiology in Calgary, AB, Ca...

Catherine Lebel leads the Developmental Neuroimaging Lab, a neuroscience research team at the University of Calgary. Our mission is to generate & share knowledge of brain development across childhood ...

Advances in brain imaging technology provide new and different information about the brain.

We characterized motion during diffusion MRI scans across 16,995 image sessions and find that (1) modern preprocessing pipelines effectively mitigate motion to the point where biases are not detectab....

Individual variability in behavior is influenced by social identities. Here, Dhamala et al. discuss the need to incorporate social identities in neuroimaging studies of behavior and explore how to fos...

Our tendency to focus on one condition at a time likely silos expertise and services—and obscures critical connections across diagnostic categories.

A reader of the peer-reviewed neuroscience literature will often encounter expressions like the following: ‘the brain is a dynamic system’, ‘the brain is a complex network’, or ‘the brain is a highly ...

In the current issue of Biological Psychiatry, Zhang et al. (1) present a study describing associations between cortical microstructure in prefrontal areas and emotionality in infants, linking early brain structure with behavioral measures that predict later psychopathology. Neuroimaging research in infants, such as in this study, is challenging for many reasons, but Zhang et al. (1) present a good example of how neuroimaging research in infants can be conducted well and lead to interesting and potentially meaningful results.

For The Transmitter’s first annual book, five contributing editors reflect on what subfields demand greater focus in the near future—from dynamical systems and computation to technologies for studying...

functional connectivity (FC) measurements are important for robust and reproducible findings, yet pediatric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) faces unique challenges due to head motion and ...

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The development of response inhibition and fronto-basal-ganglia white matter was investigated longitudinally in a sample of ADHD and non-ADHD children. Using the novel parametric race model, children....

The Ann S. Bowers Women's Brain Health Initiative is driven by a radically simple idea: Progress in neuroscience will flourish when the health of men and wom...

Characterizing how, when and where the human brain changes across the lifespan is fundamental to our