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Regulation of arbuscular mycorrhiza development by environmental stimuli: Many roads lead to strigolactones
The majority of land plant species recruit fungi of the phylum Glomeromycotina to form one of the most widespread plant symbioses called arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) for mutual nutritional benefit [1–3]. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) take up mineral nutrients from the soil through an extended hyphal network that forms outside the root and transports the nutrients directly into the root cortex, where they are released to the plant from highly-branched fungal structures, the arbuscules [4]. In turn, the fungi obtain photosynthetically fixed organic carbon from their host plants in the form of sugars and lipids [5,6]. AM is often described as a strategy for plants to obtain inorganic phosphate, but it also improves uptake of other inorganic nutrients, such as nitrogen, potassium, and sulfur [7–9].
