HPV vaccination is associated with a lower incidence of precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer. This is the first direct evidence of the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in Germany.

Pertussis vaccines, whole-cell and acellular alike, have prevented an enormous burden of childhood disease but the problem is not solved: outbreaks recur every 3–5 years despite high vaccine coverage,...

BPZE1 was well tolerated in children aged 6–17 years, and induced robust nasal S-IgA responses to B pertussis WCE without interference from simultaneously administered Tdap. BPZE1 vaccination did not ...

We read with great interest the Article by John T Schiller and colleagues1 published in The Lancet Microbe; this Article reported the factors contributing to the potency of human papillomavirus (HPV) ...

Many treatment recommendations for invasive mould infections, particularly those caused by rare moulds, rely on non-randomised comparative effectiveness research (CER), which is vulnerable to design a...

The tragic death, disability, and chaos wrought by the COVID-19 are fading from collective memory. The pandemic created a global health crisis that led to more than 7 million reported deaths, an estim...

The National University of Singapore (NUS)–Lancet Pandemic Readiness through Institutions, Mobilising Communities, and Equity (PRIME) Commission redefines pandemic readiness

Accurate diagnosis is fundamental to effective mpox patient management, surveillance, and outbreak control. However, clinical diagnosis is often challenging, as clinical manifestations of mpox overlap...

More than one in three qPCR-positive mpox diagnoses in these settings might have been driven by the environmental MPXV DNA burden, with serological data independently supporting this finding. Strength...

When the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) and Uganda declared an outbreak of Ebola virus disease caused by Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) on May 15, 2026, South Sudan looked likely to be the next ...

Working definitions of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) exist, but no universally agreed operational classification links those definitions to programme, funding, and surveillance decisions. The boundary of the STI category determines which infections enter surveillance, receive programme funding, and are included in testing and screening. Yet, the fields of microbiology, clinical medicine, and public health each define this boundary differently. Contested conditions, including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, scabies, mpox, and sexually transmissible enteric pathogens, expose the inadequacy of the current binary classification.

Emerging viruses continue to pose serious public health threats across Africa, with recurrent outbreaks exposing gaps in diagnostics and surveillance systems. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) ...