We read with great interest the Article by John T Schiller and colleagues1 published in The Lancet Microbe; this Article reported the factors contributing to the potency of human papillomavirus (HPV) ...

Many treatment recommendations for invasive mould infections, particularly those caused by rare moulds, rely on non-randomised comparative effectiveness research (CER), which is vulnerable to design a...

The tragic death, disability, and chaos wrought by the COVID-19 are fading from collective memory. The pandemic created a global health crisis that led to more than 7 million reported deaths, an estim...

The National University of Singapore (NUS)–Lancet Pandemic Readiness through Institutions, Mobilising Communities, and Equity (PRIME) Commission redefines pandemic readiness

Accurate diagnosis is fundamental to effective mpox patient management, surveillance, and outbreak control. However, clinical diagnosis is often challenging, as clinical manifestations of mpox overlap...

More than one in three qPCR-positive mpox diagnoses in these settings might have been driven by the environmental MPXV DNA burden, with serological data independently supporting this finding. Strength...

When the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) and Uganda declared an outbreak of Ebola virus disease caused by Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) on May 15, 2026, South Sudan looked likely to be the next ...

Working definitions of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) exist, but no universally agreed operational classification links those definitions to programme, funding, and surveillance decisions. The boundary of the STI category determines which infections enter surveillance, receive programme funding, and are included in testing and screening. Yet, the fields of microbiology, clinical medicine, and public health each define this boundary differently. Contested conditions, including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, scabies, mpox, and sexually transmissible enteric pathogens, expose the inadequacy of the current binary classification.

Emerging viruses continue to pose serious public health threats across Africa, with recurrent outbreaks exposing gaps in diagnostics and surveillance systems. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) ...

Studies on the global burden of sepsis confirm its major mortality, morbidity, and societal impact, with 85% of cases and deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Importantly, these...

Strengthened case finding, contact tracing, and isolation averted most deaths even without vaccination. Once these operations were strong, reactive ring vaccination added a modest further benefit, whe...

Decentralised evaluation of diagnostic test kits can facilitate emergency-use decisions, national authorisation, or regulatory review in ongoing outbreaks. This approach defines a course of action for...