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Kenny Pearce

@kennypearce.bsky.social
2.6K followers 1.2K following 605 posts

I read old books & am confused about God. Philosophy prof (currently James Madison University, formerly Trinity College Dublin). Latest book: bit.ly/2QrnJxl Latest paper: doi.org/10.1017/S0034412526101905

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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 2h
...Thus men become professors of, and combatants for those opinions they were never convinced of…no, nor ever had so much as floating in their heads.” (EHU. §4.20.18)
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 2h
...for what reason should we think, that he beats his head about the opinions of his church, and troubles himself to examine the grounds of this or that doctrine? It is enough for him to obey his leaders, to have his hand and his tongue ready for the support of the common cause…
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 2h
...and there, like the common soldiers of an army, show their courage and warmth, as their leaders direct, without ever examining, or so much as knowing the cause they contend for. If a man's life shows, that he has no serious regard to religion...
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 2h
John Locke (1689) on partisan polarization: "the greatest part of the partizans of most of the sects in the world…have [no] opinions of their own…They are resolved to stick to a party, that education or interest has engaged them in...
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 05/10/2026
Great feature about my colleague CJ Uy in the latest issues of our College's alumni magazine: www.jmu.edu/news/cal/202...
jmu.edu
Jam sessions, scholarship and excellence in the classroom
On campus, Cyril V. Uy II is innovative scholar, dedicated educator and committed mentor — off campus, he is all that and more.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
The official preprint of "Metaphysical Symmetry and the Modal Ontological Argument" is now available (open access!) from Religious Studies: doi.org/10.1017/S003...
doi.org
Metaphysical symmetry and the modal ontological argument | Religious Studies | Cambridge Core
Metaphysical symmetry and the modal ontological argument
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
Word of the day: ‘opiniatrety’. “The floating of other Mens Opinions in our brains makes us not one jot more knowing…What in them was Science, is in us but Opiniatrety, whilst we…do not..employ our own Reason to understand those Truths.” (Locke, Essay, §1.4.23)
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
Discussing Employment Division v. Smith in class today (on the influence of Locke’s theory of toleration in the US) & finding it funny that the plaintiffs are actually named ‘Smith’ and ‘Black’ like an analytic philosopher’s thought experiment. No ‘Jones’ in here, though.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
My favorite in this series was definitely Wild Seed! All very good, though.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
Page proofs! (Hurrah!) The necessity operators have become question marks. (Boo!)
Religious Studies (2026), 1–13
doi:10.1017/S0034412526101905
O R I G I N A L A RT I C L E
Metaphysical symmetry and the modal ontological
argument
Kenneth L. Pearce1 and Ted Poston2
Q1
1Philosophy and Religion, James Madison University, USA and 2
Q2 The University of Alabama, USA
Corresponding author: Kenneth L. Pearce; Email: pearcekl@jmu.edu
(Received 17 April 2026 UTC; revised 31 August 2026 UTC; accepted 7 September 2026 UTC)
Abstract
Q3 Fritz, Lo, and Schmid (2026) argue that the symmetry problem for the modal ontological argument
dissolves in modal logics weaker than S5, where (P1) ? (g →?g), (P2) ?g, and (P2*) ?¬g are jointly consistent. We grant their formal results but deny their dialectical conclusion. The symmetry problem is
not dissolved but relocated. Their atheist advantage in S4 depends on privileging (P1) over its mirror,
(P1*) ? (¬g →?¬g). We argue that the principal metaphysical frameworks relevant to (P1) – including dispositional modality, actualist constraints together with divine simplicity, the inexplicability of
God’s contingent existence, and theistic grounding – provide no stable advantage for (P1) over (P1*).
Depending on their details, these frameworks support both principles, support neither, or generate an
asymmetry that does not favour (P1). The symmetry therefore reappears at the level of the necessity
claims, and the reverse argument gains no decisive advantage over the original.
Keywords: modal ontological argument; symmetry problem; S4 and S5; divine necessity; divine
simplicity
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
Not sure I have anything especially insightful to say about AI in the classroom, but I'm pleased that the student journalist for The Breeze chose to lead with a quote from me on my goals as a philosophy teacher. www.breezejmu.org/news/jmu-pro...
breezejmu.org
JMU professors are divided on how to use artificial intelligence
The advancement of artificial intelligence has conflicting consequences for students and faculty at JMU, prompting faculty to readjust their syllabi to protect academic honesty while still encouraging...
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Mark Bomford @babysloth.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
“brobdingnagian ag-bags” 10.1007/s10460-023-10472-0
writing “brobdingnagian ag-bags” for the lolz
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
...essentially reciting Locke’s arguments for religious toleration, and it is still in the Virginia Code: law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/t...
law.lis.virginia.gov
Code of Virginia Code - Chapter 1. Religious Freedom
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
One of the most interesting things I learned while preparing my Locke on religion and politics class is that the 1786 Virginia Statue on Religious Freedom (written by Jefferson and sponsored by Madison) includes a long preamble...
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
“We remonstrate against the said Bill…Because the proposed establishment is a departure from that generous policy, which, offering an Asylum to the persecuted and oppressed of every Nation and Religion, promised a lustre to our country.” James Madison against gov't sponsorship of Christianity (1785)
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Tim Flanagan @timflanagan.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
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Hane @hane.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
this isn't mine, but it mentions me, and it sounds like the author of the paper really wants me to fight Varga
While Maung and Varga do not comment on each-other, it strikes me as if they may disagree on the reductive move of objectual understanding to causal explanatory understanding. Maung seems to think that the classificatory and diagnostic elements of medicine rely on causal explanation, whereas Varga, as already stated, finds value in staying with the objectual understanding. However, this is between Maung and Varga and should not affect my argument.
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Ray Davis @pseudopodium.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
I'm not an academic but I did get this into one of my three academic publications:
26 At time of writing, Batman has just “died” again, as part of an unconvincingly titled “Final Crisis.” It’s expected that he’ll return more quickly than Spider-Man’s Aunt May, who earned only three years of rest after thirty-three years of graphic decrepitude.
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Sylvia Wenmackers @sylviawenmackers.be · 08/09/2026
Back in 2015, my footnotes in "Children of the Cosmos" were mentioned in the jury report of the @fqxi.org essay competition. I still believe it was mainly due to this one. 🤠💃
Footnote 9: Here, I recommend humming a Shania Twain song: “So, you’re a rocket scientist. That don’t impress me much.” If you are too young to know this song, consult your inner teenager for the appropriate dose of underwhelmedness.
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Brian Donovan @swiftiesociologist.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
In American Gold Digger I have a note about Anita Loos's inspiration for Lorelei Lee. I fell into a DEEP rabbit hole.
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Kieran Healy @kjhealy.co · 08/09/2026
My favorite footnote (what I wrote).
= This is a risky strategy. In his 1953 Marshall Lectures, Talcott Parsons argued that the "basic categories of economic theory [...] can be derived from the frame of refer-ence, general concepts and variables of the general theory of special systems" and thus that "economic theory can be treated as a special case of the more general theory"_ that is, of Parsons' AGIL scheme of social action [Parsons 1991 : 22-23]. Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money was "the kind of theory of the short-run equilibrium process of the economy that one would ask for on the hypothesis that the economy was a social system as I have outlined it" and so claimed "to have broadly substantiated the thesis that Keynes' General Theory is in fact a special case of the short-run equilibrium theory of social systems" [Parsons 1991, 33-7]. This claim was rather poorly received by his Cambridge audience:
"I was told that when Talcott made his statement a member of the audience shouted
'Shit!"' [Homans 1984: 328].
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Digressionsimpressions @nescio13.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Two Things I learned from Duncan Forbes about Hume, and then give a bit of a twist. digressionsimpressions.substack.com/p/two-things...
digressionsimpressions.substack.com
Two Things I learned from Duncan Forbes about Hume, and then give a bit of a twist.
I strongly suspect that Duncan Forbes’ book’s, Hume’s Philosophical Politics (Cambridge University Press, 1975; my references are to the page-numbers in the reissue of 2010), high reputation, such as ...
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Karl Steel @karlsteel.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Ok
Though the “we” in the following is true, I am wary of it: Haraway, Staying 
with the Trouble, 97, “We are compost, not posthuman; we inhabit the humusities, 
not the humanities. Philosophically and materially, I am a compostist, not a 
posthumanist. Critters—human and not—become-with each other, compose 
and decompose each other, in every scale and register of time and stuff in sympoietic tangling, in ecological evolutionary developmental earthly worlding unworlding.” See similar statements at pp. 32, 55, and 101–2. As much as I 
embrace her ontology and politics, Haraway rather has her foot on the scale in 
her praise for sympoietic becomings and disdain for anthropocentric refusals to 
involute: the former tend to be represented by queer, anticolonialist, antiracist 
art, while the latter is represented, for example, by Eichmann himself (“who 
could not be a wayfarer, could not entangle,” 36).
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Charlotte Canning @cmcanning.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
I don’t have a screenshot, but it was in a paper about an early 19th century US production of Othello in Corpus Christi TX. Months of research did not turn up the first name of the performer playing Desdemona. I added a note saying this and concluded, “Because the patriarchy.”
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dr. meg smith @megsmith.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
My greatest footnote has gotta be a toss-up between the tangled webs of early modern Irish lordly families and the time I fell in a creek for research. #skystorians 🗃️
A note on naming conventions: There is a great deal of name overlap and ambiguity among the major figures in this case. Not only do Sir Finghin O'Driscoll (of Ballyisland and of Dún na Séad/Baltimore) and Finghín Carrach O'Driscoll (of Dún na Long/Sherkin Island) share a name, but both Finghins had eldest sons named Conor and younger sons named Donnchadh, the latter of whom litigated on their fathers behalf. Both Finghins were also sons of two different Conors: Conor mac Finghin, father of Finghin Carrach, and Conor mac Conor, father of Sir Finghin. For that reason, Sir Finghin of Ballyisland is always referred to as Sir Finghín, and Finghín Carrach always carries his epithet.
Occasionally, there are ambiguous references to Finghín, in which case the name given is that in the text. Where there is potential for ambiguity, Donnchadh Carrach also carries his epithet. Both Conors always carry their patronymics. See Figure 1 for a family tree.
383 The pollution of Cowmire Creek today is underreported. Historic newspaper articles detail sewage effluent, and residents of the surrounding neighborhoods have shared video of runoff from the West Lake Landfill (a poorly contained radioactive site) leaking into the creek. See for example, Margaret Gillerman, "Farmer, Suburbanites Clash on Runoff," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 26 July 1979; Loré Hayes Szcepanski, "Releasing rainwater from Westlake Landfill into Cowmire Creek. I'm not okay with that & you shouldn't be either." Facebook, 23 July 2023,
https://www.facebook.com/groups/630852290258112/posts/683530686647
92591. As anecdotal evidence, 1 (Smith) can unfortunately attest that, after taking an unintentional dip in the creek, I attracted swarms of flies for the rest of my hike and had an infected wound.
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Matt Reece @mreece.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
One of my best footnotes: main text said “In some sense this is the frame that is maximally far from Einstein frame, but it is a very useful one; we can refer to it as the keinstein frame“, footnote read “Leaving no stone unturned in the pursuit of bad physics puns.” (In a 2015 paper with Wei Xue)
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Anne Leader @anneleaderphd.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Not sure if this is my favorite, and likely not my best, but it was very satisfying to write.
Footnote 9 from a review of the exhibition Fra Angelico, published in the Burlington Magazine, vol. 168 (Jan. 2026), p. 58.
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Brendan O’Kane @bokane.org · 08/09/2026
not sure about greatest but it’s probably the one I most enjoyed writing
footnote on the word 熱趕郎: ‘The iconoclastic philosopher Li Zhi 李贄, who died in 1602 after cutting his own throat to make a point, used it in the same sense around the same time, in a posthumously published book of essays whose title (續焚書) I can only translate as Burn This Book Too.’
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Academics, share your best footnote! Here's mine.
7 I follow Cudworth in writing 'Atomick Atheism', capitalized and with a 'k' (and similarly for 'Hylozoick Atheism' below), because this is objectively aesthetically superior to modern spelling and typography.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 07/09/2026
"if God were able to command that lies be told, then He Himself would also be able to lie; a conclusion that is false, for if it were true, all certitude of faith would perish." Suarez, On Laws, 1.15.5 Cf. Hud Hudson: philpapers.org/rec/HUDTFO
philpapers.org
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 05/09/2026
In case you've ever wondered who was the target of the Appendix to Part I of Spinoza's Ethics, it was Winnie the Pooh.
First of all he said to himself: "That buzzing-noise means something. You don't get a buzzing noise like that, just buzzing and buzzing, without its meaning something. If there's a buzzing-noise, somebody's making a buzzing-noise, and the only reason for making a buzzing-noise that I know of is because you're a bee."
Then he though another long time, and said: "And the only reason for being a bee that I know of is making honey."
And then he got up, and said: "And the only reason for making honey is so as I can eat it." So he began to climb the tree.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 05/09/2026
In case you've ever wondered who was the target of the Appendix to Part I of Spinoza's Ethics, it was Winnie the Pooh.
First of all he said to himself: "That buzzing-noise means something. You don't get a buzzing noise like that, just buzzing and buzzing, without its meaning something. If there's a buzzing-noise, somebody's making a buzzing-noise, and the only reason for making a buzzing-noise that I know of is because you're a bee."
Then he though another long time, and said: "And the only reason for being a bee that I know of is making honey."
And then he got up, and said: "And the only reason for making honey is so as I can eat it." So he began to climb the tree.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 04/09/2026
Today a grocery store clerk became (as far as I know) the first random person out in the world to recognize me from a YouTube interview.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
Reading Suarez On Laws and wondering whether Samuel Clarke’s fitness theory of morality is rooted in late Scholastic debates about whether natural law is natural right reason. 🤔🤔🤔 (The view Suarez attributes to Vasquez was reminding me of Clarke.)
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
...[Christ] prescribed unto his followers no new and peculiar form of government; nor put he the sword into any magistrate’s hand, with commission to make use of it in forcing men to forsake their former religion, and receive his.” Locke, Letter concerning Toleration
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
“there is absolutely no such thing, under the Gospel, as a Christian commonwealth. There are, indeed, many cities and kingdoms that have embraced the faith of Christ…But he instituted no commonwealth...
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
@kkdumez.bsky.social (author of Jesus and John Wayne) on Evangelical femininity in the NY Times: www.nytimes.com/2026/09/01/o...
nytimes.com
Opinion | The Political Power of Christian Kitsch
Precious Moments figurines and Christian romance novels aren’t overtly political, but they shape how Christian women see themselves and the world.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 31/08/2026
Here is a pre-print of my paper with Tod Poston, "Metaphysical Symmetry and the Modal Ontological Argument": writings.kennypearce.net/symmetryMOA....
writings.kennypearce.net
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 31/08/2026
“the Gospel frequently declares, that the true disciples of Christ must suffer persecution; but that the church of Christ should persecute others…I could never yet find in any o the books of the New Testament.” Locke, Letter concerning Toleration (1689)
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 31/08/2026
Explained Plato’s theory of forms to my Sunday School class yesterday. They haven’t kicked me out yet!
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
This is a response to a recent and much-discussed paper by Peter Fritz, Tien-Chun Lo, and Joe Schmid. Ted and I began working on it following discussion of their paper at the Bob Adams memorial conference in Princeton last October. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Symmetry lost: A modal ontological argument for atheism?
The modal ontological argument for God's existence faces a symmetry problem: a seemingly equally plausible reverse modal ontological argument can be given for God's nonexistence. Here, we argue that ...
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
Very happy to report that "Metaphysical Symmetry and the Modal Ontological Argument," a paper I co-authored with Ted Poston, has been accepted by Religious Studies.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
Congratulations and condolences!
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
17/18C literature on 'enthusiasm' and 'scruples' is really interesting and influential in this context, beginning from Henry More's Enthusiasmus Triumphatus.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
I enjoyed discussing my paper "I Should Not Exist" (forthcoming in Faith and Philosphy) on Adherent Apologetics! Video here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWRR...
youtube.com
You Should Not Exist: Gratitude, Suffering, and the Problem of Evil | Dr. Kenny Pearce | Ep. #319
YouTube video by Adherent Apologetics
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
Although no normal human would say that, I could totally believe that a megacorp would write that on the script they give to their customer support people.
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Pete Birkinshaw @binaryape.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
“the person 'Alex' allegedly talked to had not been the correct contact person for >10 years” This makes it sound like a classic ghost story.
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Kenny Pearce @kennypearce.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
So what happened here? I don't know for sure, but my best guess is that 'Alex' is not in fact 'genuinely human' and I was still texting with an AI who had been trained to tell me what I wanted to hear. I'm betting that the phone call never happened. 6/6
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