RAxML-NG is a widely used tool for maximum likelihood based phylogenetic inference. In the seven years since the last RAxML-NG publication, we have continuously improved and extended the code. Here, w...

Abstract. Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is a key step in phylogenetic analysis and is prone to error. Unfortunately, algorithms that remove likely alig

Large language models (LLMs) are known to generate plausible but false information across a wide range of contexts, yet the real-world magnitude and consequences of this hallucination problem remain…

Nitrogen fixation plays a central role in primary productivity and nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems, yet its distribution among cyanobacterial lineages remains incompletely understood. Biological nitrogen fixation is energetically costly and highly oxygen-sensitive, imposing constraints in oxygenic phototrophs. The unicellular cyanobacterial genus Synechocystis has long been regarded as strictly non-diazotrophic. Here, we report that Synechocystis sp. LKSZ1 possesses a functional nitrogen fixation system. Comparative genomics revealed that LKSZ1 is distinct from other Synechocystis strains and uniquely harbors a complete nif gene. Phylogenetic and structural analyses indicate acquisition via horizontal gene transfer from filamentous cyanobacteria. Physiological assays demonstrated photoautotrophic growth under nitrogen-depleted conditions and nitrogenase activity under microoxic to anaerobic conditions. Disruption of nifK abolished both growth and activity. These findings show that ecological nitrogen limitation and host compatibility can enable functional integration of horizontally acquired nitrogen fixation. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI, 22K06276 COI-NEXT, JPMJPF2102

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Nature Biotechnology - A long-read metagenome assembly method recovers circular and complete genomes better than existing tools.

Genome Biology -

A response to ‘But ChatGPT said…’

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