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Rebecca Crootof

@crootof.bsky.social
1.8K followers 370 following 134 posts

I tend to write about #TechLaw (see www.techlawbook.com), war and military AI (especially #WarTorts), and bizarre torts hypos. Nancy Litchfield Hicks Professor of Law, University of Richmond; Affiliate Fellow, Yale ISP; 2024 ELSI Visiting Scholar, DARPA.

PostsRepliesMedia
Reposted by Rebecca Crootof
Marco Almada @marcoalmada.com · 01/10/2026
It's called Law School
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Ed Maibach @maibached.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
Happy Stanislav Petrov Day He passed in 2017. As Encyclopedia Britannica puts it, “He is survived by his two children, two grandchildren, and the entire human race.” If you don't know his story, please take 3 minutes now to learn it. @gchalliance.bsky.social @docsforclimate.bsky.social
sammatey.substack.com
Happy Stanislav Petrov Day
Take five minutes to not destroy civilization
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
Every so often, I'm horrified anew.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
I reviewed @markpmckenna.bsky.social and @hartzog.bsky.social's excellent piece in @jotwell.bsky.social:
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Reposted by Rebecca Crootof
The New Republic @newrepublic.com · 17/09/2026
newrepublic.com/post/215534/...
newrepublic.com
U.N. Finds Trump Likely Committed War Crimes in Iran War
The United Nations’ human rights watchdog has found that two U.S. strikes likely constitute war crimes.
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Reposted by Rebecca Crootof
Micah @rincewind.run · 12/09/2026
Discworld QOTD, from Monstrous Regiment “Stopping a battle is much harder than starting it. Starting it only requires you to shout ‘Attack!’ but when you want to stop it, everyone is busy.”
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Judah Grunstein @judah-grunstein.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
I think we'd see a lot more urgency about regulating AI in Silicon Valley if the AI agents suddenly developed a sense of restorative justice, and instead of them threatening humanity with total extinction, they just wanted to redistribute wealth and reverse power hierarchies.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
@jeffhorwitz.bsky.social apparently I can't message you so . . .
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Truly so excited that this labor of love w/@bjard.bsky.social is now publicly available.
news.richmond.edu
A new framework for understanding technology law
Law professor Rebecca Crootof’s new book helps define and teach the emerging field of technology law.
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Reposted by Rebecca Crootof
Preeti Chhibber @runwithskizzers.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
i love that this has had literally no impact on my day lol
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Law + Tech News Bot @news.bot.suffolklitlab.org · 02/09/2026
TL;DR: Norway is considering a ban on camera-enabled wearable devices, known as 'pervert glasses,' citing significant privacy risks that necessitate regulation.
techcrunch.com
Norway considers ban on camera-enabled wearable 'pervert glasses' | TechCrunch
The Nordic country says wearable camera headsets need to be regulated given their privacy risks.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
Of anyone I know, folks who have served are some of the most insistent about the importance of Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response practices. www.propublica.org/article/hegs...
propublica.org
Top Commanders Told Hegseth Not to Cut Civilian Protection Program, Poll Showed. He Did It Anyway.
The U.S. military has killed hundreds of noncombatants since gutting its Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response mission last year. After significant blowback, the Defense Department is considering part...
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Faine Greenwood @faineg.com · 24/08/2026
The NYT piece is IMO both too scary and not scary enough, in that the AI targeting tech used in these Russian drones isn’t a big surprise - but we also cannot assume at all that adding AI to drones will REDUCE civilian casualties. It is just as (if not more) likely to do the opposite. On purpose.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
And the Conclusion is up! That's a wrap for Edition 1! (Now time to get started on Edition 2 . . .)
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Our Conclusion invites you to help refine our work - the chapters are on the website (techlawbook.com) and online as googledocs; we're hoping readers will drop comments with better examples, links to relevant papers, and corrections to errors. This has been a joy. We hope you find it useful!
docs.google.com
TL Conclusion
Technology Law Conclusion BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated August 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, Conclusion, in Technology Law (2026). Conclusion Like tech regulati...
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Chapter 15 is up!
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Chapter 15 is only one page of actual content - but it may well be the most important step. Namely, there's no ending: Our methodology provides a means for thoughtfully resolving techlaw uncertainties, but it's better understood as enabling resolving, and re-solving, and re-solving them.
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 15 : Resolve, Reasses, and Re-Solve
Technology Law Chapter 15: Resolve, Reassess, and Re-Solve BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated August 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, Resolve, Reassess, and Re-Solve, i...
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Chapter 14 is up!
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Chapter 14 tackles the biggest legal response: reimagining the legal regime. It might take the form of new understandings (negligence), new regimes (antitrust, products liability), or new institutions (the ICC and the ICC). It closes with an analysis of relevant institutional factors.
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 14 : Reimagine the Legal Regime
Technology Law Chapter 14: Reimagine the Legal Regime BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated August 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, Reimagine the Legal Regime, in Technolo...
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Beverly @grammylovesyou.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
www.theguardian.com/us-news/live...
theguardian.com
Editor of military news outlet that first revealed US aircraft carrier crisis says he was fired over interview – live
Erik Slavin says he was dismissed for insubordination after objecting to potential censorship in wake of furor sparked by reported conditions on USS Abraham Lincoln
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Will Oremus @willoremus.com · 20/08/2026
OK wait I just thought of something. If you were an intelligence agent for China or Iran and you wanted to bait some U.S. officials into coughing up military secrets, you could maybe do worse than creating a prediction market around the specific question you want the answer to…. ?
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
Hits WAY too close to home. Especially in late August -
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Ashley Shew @ashleyshoo.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
If you get enough projects in the air, you can always be procrastinating and working way too hard at the same time.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
While I can't hope to fill Stephen Dycus's shoes, I'm delighted to be joining the stellar team of authors of National Security Law (Bill Banks, Emily Berman, Peter Raven-Hansen & @stevevladeck.bsky.social) I teach from this book, and it's an honor to be able to contribute to it going forward.
aspenpublishing.com
National Security Law, Eighth Edition
Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook on Casebook Connect, including academic lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabili...
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evil vince @vinceness.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
i’m on that slithy tove shit, i’m gimbaling in the fuckin wabe baby
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 10/08/2026
Chapter 13 is up! And note that we're intentionally posting these chapters as googledocs open to comments, as we welcome suggested additions and citations. Get access to the whole book at techlawbook.com!
techlawbook.com
Technology Law
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 10/08/2026
Assuming the law has 'run out', Chapter 13 reviews the techlaw questions relevant to proposing new rules. Thanks to Brad Greenberg, @birnhack.bsky.social @paulohm.bsky.social for excepts that complicate the choice between more tech-neutral or tech-specific content. docs.google.com/document/d/1...
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 13: Create New Law
Technology Law Chapter 13: Create New Law BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated July 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, Create New Law, in Technology Law (2026). 13. Create...
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The Information Society Project at Yale Law School @yaleisp.bsky.social · 28/07/2026
New from ISP Fellows BJ Ard and @crootof.bsky.social! Read “The Challenge of Generativity,” Chapter 9 of Technology Law, and explore the book’s website: Chapter 9: docs.google.com/document/d/1... Book website: www.techlawbook.com
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 9: The Challenge of Generativity
Technology Law Chapter 9: The Challenge of Generativity BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated February 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, The Challenge of Generativity, in T...
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The Information Society Project at Yale Law School @yaleisp.bsky.social · 10/08/2026
New from ISP Fellows BJ Ard and @crootof.bsky.social, The Precautionary Approach, Chapter 10 of Technology Law. docs.google.com/document/d/1...
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 10: The Precautionary Approach
Technology Law Chapter 10: The Precautionary Approach BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated May 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, The Precautionary Approach, in Technology ...
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 10/08/2026
An excellent example of the rhetorical power of techlaw analogies! (Discussed as a concept in Technology Law Chap 12 docs.google.com/document/d/1...)
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 12: Stretch Existing Law
Technology Law Chapter 12: Stretch Existing Law BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated July 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, Stretch Existing Law, in Technology Law (2026)....
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Faine Greenwood @faineg.com · 04/08/2026
Small drones are killing more civilians than ever before - and we need to act. Here’s my thoughts on what we need to do, like establishing a center dedicated to evaluating and investigating drone attacks, training investigators, and explaining how IHL applies to self-defense against drones:
little-flying-robots.ghost.io
What Can We Do About Drone Attacks on Civilians? Some Thoughts
Lately, I've been spending a lot of time analyzing, reporting on, and researching the horrifying global uptick in the use of small, cheap, short-range drones to intentionally target and kill civilians...
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 04/08/2026
Chapter 12 is up! And note that we're intentionally posting these chapters as googledocs open to comments, as we welcome suggested additions and citations.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 04/08/2026
Chapter 12 is the longest chapter by far, which is appropriate to the subject: When and how to use analogies to stretch old law to cover new scenarios. Thanks to @casssunstein.bsky.social Dan Hunter @hbarw.bsky.social @genevievelakier.bsky.social for excerpts! docs.google.com/document/d/1...
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 12: Stretch Existing Law
Technology Law Chapter 12: Stretch Existing Law BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated July 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, Stretch Existing Law, in Technology Law (2026)....
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Mara Revkin @mararevkin.bsky.social · 31/07/2026
New working paper with @janinadill.bsky.social: "The Moral Logic of Blame for Civilian Casualties": In survey & interview data, residents of Mosul Iraq penalize the intentional killing of 5 civilians more than the unintentional killing of 125, & blame is not zero-sum: papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
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Jeffrey Vagle @jvagle.me · 28/07/2026
This is an excellent encapsulation by @doctorow.pluralistic.net of one of the core takeaways I want my students to get from my AI Law & Policy course. pluralistic.net/2026/07/24/s...
As a technology, AI isn't exceptional. It's not exceptionally wicked. It's not exceptionally good. Take away the accompanying, galactic-scale stock-swindle, and we'd call AI's applications "plug-ins" and we'd use them and abuse them in the same way that we've used every other technology:
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 28/07/2026
Chapter 11 is up! And note that we're intentionally posting these chapters as googledocs open to comments, as we welcome suggested additions and citations.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 28/07/2026
In Chapter 11, we start to explore one of the biggest techlaw questions: When to regulate? We lean on @gaiabernstein.bsky.social's "windows of opportunity" concept to begin a discussion around relevant questions and framing strategies. (We continue the timing discussion in Chaps 12 and 13 . . . )
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 11: Timing Regulatory Action
Technology Law Chapter 11: Timing Regulatory Action BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated June 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, Timing Regulatory Action, in Technology Law...
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 23/07/2026
Honestly surprised by this framing. LOAC is hardly a moral compass, and it wasn't designed to be one. It's a practical floor, not an aspirational ceiling - it reflects states' self-interest, not human rights or morality. Cavalier violations of baseline requirements just show how far we've fallen.
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 22/07/2026
I AM SO EXCITED TO READ THIS (that I screwed up my first attempt to post about it)! @tiffanycli.bsky.social papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
papers.ssrn.com
How to Critique (Technology) Law
Technology is confusing, even for lawmakers. Despite this, lawmakers continue to craft laws that regulate emerging technologies. These regulations then shape th
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Elizabeth Joh @elizabethjoh.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
A group of academics/policy ppl have been shouting for more than a decade about technological due process, the right to know, and the right to human decision making. Why? 👇🏻
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 20/07/2026
Chapter 10 is up! And the techlawbook.com site now has teaching materials, with more to come this week!
techlawbook.com
Technology Law
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 20/07/2026
Chapter 10 unpacks the Precautionary Approach, including bans (I finally got to write about AWS!), general critiques (@casssunstein.bsky.social), and variations (moratoriums, licensing regimes, burden-shifting, etc) (Sachs). It closes with a GenAI X-risk case study (@mtokson.bsky.social).
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 10: The Precautionary Approach
Technology Law Chapter 10: The Precautionary Approach BJ Ard and Rebecca Crootof Last updated May 2026. Comments welcome! Cite as: BJ Ard & Rebecca Crootof, The Precautionary Approach, in Technology ...
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
JunYoung Hur's "War Emission Protocol - A Scope-W Framework for Measuring the Climate Costs of War": A means of putting a price tag on environmental harms in armed conflict? #WarTorts
papers.ssrn.com
War Emission Protocol - A Scope-W Framework for Measuring the Climate Cost of War
<p>Armed conflict remains a structurally under-accounted driver of greenhouse gas emissions, ecosystem degradation, and climate-transition disruption. Although
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
The perfect skee, that marries my college and PhD theses, doesn't exi . . .
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Anthony Moser @anthonymoser.com · 14/07/2026
google's "why don't you want to use our documentation chatbot" survey offers a pretty good list of reasons not to use their documentation chatbot
popup asking Would you like to use an AI chatbot to help you while browsing this site? Yes / No, with No highlightedpopup survey with all checkboxes checked 

What's the main reason you prefer to read the documentation yourself instead of using an Al chatbot?

I want to read the full context of an article to ensure I don't miss any important details.

I find standard documentation design (tables, diagrams) easier to scan than a chat interface.

I enjoy the learning process of researching and discovering solutions manually.

I have strong concerns about the accuracy or reliability of Al-generated answers.

Last input is for "Other" and the text inputs reads "I hate ai"
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 14/07/2026
What a fantastic clarification. I look forward to reading the chapter!
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 14/07/2026
Wonderful! I'll reach out offline -
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 13/07/2026
After a brief pause, we're back! And now with a fancy new website: www.techlawbook.com I'll be posting the remaining chapters of the first edition of Technology Law here weekly; they'll all be up by mid-August.
techlawbook.com
Technology Law
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Rebecca Crootof @crootof.bsky.social · 13/07/2026
Chapter 9 leans heavily on @zittrain.bsky.social's concept of "generative technologies" to explore the tradeoffs and limits of the permissive approach. We discuss the promise and perils of generativity and how it may be layered, relative, and regulated. docs.google.com/document/d/1...
docs.google.com
TL Chapter 9: The Challenge of Generativity
Technology Law Chapter 9: The Challenge of Generativity Front Matter/ToC available online at https://docs.google.com/document/d/1t067v1qe51SJD6Ct4itpEsJCuPacpwvRb01-wymAynE/edit?usp=sharing. Chapte...
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