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Roberto Chica Lab

@chicalab.bsky.social
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Our research group at the University of Manchester specializes in computational enzyme design.

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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
Oh, and one more thing: we also tried applying LigandMPNN to this problem, but the resulting enzymes showed substantially lower catalytic activity. If you're curious about why, and what this teaches us about enzyme design, the details are in the preprint. 👇 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
biorxiv.org
Multistate Enzyme Design Enables Efficient and Stereoselective Multistep Catalysis
Enzymes catalyze multistep reactions by stabilizing successive transition states within well organized, yet dynamic active sites. However, computational enzyme design typically targets a single transi...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
Our work proposes a shift in enzyme design: instead of optimizing a single transition state, we can make the entire reaction coordinate the design objective. Huge thanks to Anthony Green (Manchester), Mike Thompson (UC Merced), and Sam Hay (Manchester) for a fantastic collaboration!
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
Mechanistic analyses show that multistate design preserves a balanced reaction coordinate whereas single-state optimization over-stabilizes one target state, redistributes energy barriers, and creates new kinetic bottlenecks. Designing one state ≠ designing catalysis.
Figure showing mechanistic experiments comparing the parent enzyme BH32.12, the multistate-designed variant BH32.M6, and the single-state-designed variant BH32.S8.
Panel A: Kinetic isotope effect experiments probe one specific step of the four-step reaction pathway. BH32.12 and BH32.M6 exhibit similar isotope effects, indicating similar rate-limiting behavior, whereas BH32.S8 shows no kinetic isotope effect, suggesting a shifted kinetic bottleneck.
Panel B: Solvent viscosity experiments measure the contribution of diffusion-controlled processes to catalysis. BH32.12 and BH32.M6 display similar viscosity dependencies, while BH32.S8 behaves differently, revealing an altered balance between chemical and diffusion-controlled steps.
Overall, the figure shows that multistate enzyme design yields a balanced catalytic mechanism similar to that of the parent enzyme BH32.12, whereas single-state design creates a kinetic bottleneck earlier in the mechanism.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
Why does it work? Structural analyses show that multistate design preserves an active site compatible with multiple transition states, whereas single-state optimization does not.
Figure showing crystal structures and conformational ensemble analyses of the parent enzyme BH32.12 and designed variants.

Panel A: Overlay of the protein structures showing that extensive active-site mutations do not alter the overall protein fold.

Panel B: Comparison of a flexible region spanning residues 181-193. This region is partially disordered in the parent enzyme but becomes ordered in the designed variants, indicating local structural remodeling.

Panel C: Close-up views of the catalytic His23-Arg124 dyad, highlighting differences in side-chain conformations and active-site geometry among the variants.

Panel D: Analysis of the conformational ensemble of catalytic His23. Experimental conformations are compared with those predicted during design. BH32.12 and the best multistate-designed variant sample a broad range of conformations that closely match the transition-state models, whereas the single-state-designed variant samples a narrower set of conformations with reduced agreement.

Panel E: Comparison of catalytic Arg124 conformations with those predicted for the four transition states along the reaction pathway. The best multistate design variant maintains conformations that more closely match the designed catalytic states than the single-state variant.

Overall, the figure shows that the most active multistate-designed enzyme best retains the catalytic conformations predicted to support multiple transition states during catalysis.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
The results were striking: ✅ >100-fold higher bisubstrate catalytic efficiency than conventional single-state designs ✅ Lead variant outperformed the extensively evolved parent enzyme ✅ Higher enantioselectivity (93% ee vs 86% ee)
Figure showing the performance and properties of designed Morita-Baylis-Hillmanase (MBHase) enzymes. Panel A is a bar graph comparing product conversion for multiple designed variants and control enzymes. Several multistate design variants achieve substantially higher conversion than earlier benchmark enzymes, with six out of ten exceeding the performance of BH32.8

Panel B is a three-dimensional protein structure of BH32.12. Residues mutated during design are highlighted as colored spheres clustered around the enzyme active site.

Panel C is a bar graph comparing catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity of MBHase variants. The lead multistate design variant, BH32.M6, displays the highest overall performance, exceeding the parent enzyme BH32.12 in both catalytic efficiency and enantiomeric excess. 

Overall, the figure demonstrates that multistate enzyme design can generate highly active and stereoselective catalysts, with the best variant outperforming previous generations of evolved and designed MBHases.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
Instead of designing a static active site, we design for a dynamic reaction coordinate. To test the idea, we redesigned the evolved de novo Morita-Baylis-Hillmanase BH32.12, a four-step carbon-carbon bond-forming enzyme.
Diagram illustrating the workflow of multistate enzyme design. Multiple protein backbone conformations are combined with four transition-state models (TS1–TS4) representing different steps along a catalytic reaction. Each transition state is shown as a colored molecular structure surrounded by catalytic amino acid side chains in white, arranged in idealized geometries. The transition-state models are fitted onto different protein conformations to identify structures that best accommodate them without steric clashes. Active-site residues, highlighted in orange, are then computationally optimized to stabilize all transition states simultaneously. The resulting design produces a single enzyme sequence capable of adopting four distinct conformations corresponding to different stages of the catalytic pathway. For comparison, a conventional single-state design strategy is shown using only one protein conformation and a single transition-state model representing the rate-limiting step (TS3). The figure emphasizes that multistate design explicitly accounts for the full reaction coordinate, whereas single-state design focuses on only one catalytic state.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
In our latest preprint, we introduce Multistate Enzyme Design, a computational framework that simultaneously optimizes enzyme sequences across multiple transition states while preserving the conformational flexibility needed to access them. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
biorxiv.org
Multistate Enzyme Design Enables Efficient and Stereoselective Multistep Catalysis
Enzymes catalyze multistep reactions by stabilizing successive transition states within well organized, yet dynamic active sites. However, computational enzyme design typically targets a single transi...
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Reposted by Roberto Chica Lab
bioRxivpreprint @biorxivpreprint.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
Multistate Enzyme Design Enables Efficient and Stereoselective Multistep Catalysis www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/20…
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Robert E. Campbell @campbell-lab.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
Protein Engineering: Status Report, marks the 40th anniversary of Protein Engineering, Design and Selection and provides a landmark overview of the field. Read the open access article now: academic.oup.com/peds/pages/4...
academic.oup.com
PEDS 40th Anniversary: Protein Engineering: Status Report
In honour of the 40th anniversary of Protein Engineering, Design and Selection (PEDS), Protein Engineering: Status Report brings together contributions fro
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Thanks to @campbell-lab.bsky.social for putting together this excellent overview of the protein engineering field at PEDS, and for inviting us to contribute the computational enzyme design section. Check it out below! Protein engineering: status report academic.oup.com/peds/article...
academic.oup.com
Protein engineering: status report
Abstract. With this status report, we aim to provide a timely snapshot of the protein engineering field as a broad and rapidly advancing discipline that in
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Nick Polizzi @nickpolizzi.bsky.social · 05/08/2026
We can design "static" binders routinely now, but design of "dynamic" shape-changing proteins has remained quite hard. Jeffrey Chang and I asked: why can't we couple small-molecule binding to shape change? After all, natural proteins do it every day. In a new preprint, we show how it can be done. 🧵
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 24/07/2026
Can protein dynamics help guide protein engineering? Our latest paper shows that a simple NMR peak intensity analysis can reveal functional dynamics hotspots, helping to uncover promising engineering targets. With @thompson-lab.bsky.social and Natalie Goto. doi.org/10.1093/prot...
academic.oup.com
Mapping functional dynamics hotspots for protein engineering with NMR peak intensity analysis
Abstract. Structural dynamics play a crucial role in protein function, and tuning these dynamics through mutagenesis has emerged as a promising strategy fo
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Nature Chemical Biology @natchembio.nature.com · 17/06/2026
A new paper presents CANVAS, a computational workflow that converts minimal de novo TIM barrels into enzymes by designing structural lids that generate tailored active sites www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Customizing the structure of minimal TIM barrels to craft efficient de novo enzymes - Nature Chemical Biology
The TIM barrel is nature’s most versatile enzyme fold, yet de novo variants lack functional active sites. Minimal de novo TIM barrels have now been converted into enzymes by designing structural lids ...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 17/06/2026
Excited to share our latest with @birtehoecker.bsky.social: CANVAS, a de novo enzyme design strategy that builds active sites by adding tailored lids to minimal TIM barrels. Several designs reached kcat values of 13–26 s⁻¹, on par with the median natural enzyme. www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Customizing the structure of minimal TIM barrels to craft efficient de novo enzymes - Nature Chemical Biology
The TIM barrel is nature’s most versatile enzyme fold, yet de novo variants lack functional active sites. Minimal de novo TIM barrels have now been converted into enzymes by designing structural lids ...
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birtehoecker.bsky.social @birtehoecker.bsky.social · 15/06/2026
Today out in Nature Chemical Biology @springernature.com. Thanks for great collaboration @chicalab.bsky.social
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 23/03/2026
Only 2 weeks left to benefit from early-bird registration rate! The 6th Protein Engineering Canada Conference will be held on June 22-24 in Ottawa, Canada. More information here: event.fourwaves.com/pec2026/pages
event.fourwaves.com
6th Protein Engineering Canada (PEC) Conference
Join 6th Protein Engineering Canada (PEC) Conference, June 22-24, 2026. Learn more on Fourwaves.
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Stephanie Wankowicz @stephanieaw.bsky.social · 12/03/2026
Excited to share Sampleworks led by @karsonchrispens.bsky.social with @diffuseproject.bsky.social. It's a modular framework connecting structure predictors to experimental data and guidance methods. Swap predictors or guidance methods. All open and made to be built upon. t.co/fvNHH3gfVu
t.co
https://diffuse.science/posts/sampleworks/
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Stephanie Wankowicz @stephanieaw.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
www.youtube.com/watch?list=T... @diffuseproject.bsky.social
youtube.com
Redesigning Structural Biology in the Open | DiffUSE Project
YouTube video by The DiffUSE Project
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Chris Bahl @cdbahl.com · 05/03/2026
I had a great time nerding out about protein design with @nickpolizzi.bsky.social, and an enormous thanks to @biotechtv.bsky.social and @massbio.bsky.social for hosting us! www.biotechtv.com/post/chris-b...
biotechtv.com
AI Proteins Founder & CEO Chris Bahl and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Investigator Nick Polizzi discuss the current state of protein design and new innovations that are around the corner
Both experts in the field, one with an academic view and one from industry, they discuss what can be done today with protein design, new innovations coming in the next year or two, and how they think ...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 17/02/2026
6/6 CANVAS turns minimal TIM barrels into blank canvases for enzyme design. This approach could be applied to other minimal folds, enabling de novo enzymes for virtually any reaction while keeping stable, well-behaved scaffolds. The goal: bespoke enzymes for chemistries nature hasn’t explored yet!
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 17/02/2026
5/6 Molecular dynamics simulations helped dissect structural determinants of catalysis. Our catalytic‑competency score, i.e. the fraction of snapshots with both key catalytic contacts formed, tracks well with experimental activity across variants.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 17/02/2026
4/6 To demonstrate evolvability, we applied our previously reported ensemble‑based design method (pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10....) to the low‑efficiency variant KempTIM4, boosting kcat/KM >1,600‑fold (to 32,000 M⁻¹ s⁻¹) with only 8 additional variants screened.
pubs.acs.org
Design of Efficient Artificial Enzymes Using Crystallographically Enhanced Conformational Sampling
The ability to create efficient artificial enzymes for any chemical reaction is of great interest. Here, we describe a computational design method for increasing the catalytic efficiency of de novo en...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 17/02/2026
3/6 We solved the KempTIM1 crystal structure (blue) bound to a transition‑state analogue. The designed lid (magenta) shows excellent agreement with the model, and the ligand binds in a similar pose to the design model, enabling the intended catalytic contacts.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 17/02/2026
2/6 After reviewer feedback, we boosted activity and hit rate. Keeping the same active‑site design, we improved solubility and expression via surface redesign, yielding KempTIM1, one of the most active first‑round de novo enzymes reported to date (kcat/KM = 21,000 M⁻¹ s⁻¹).
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 17/02/2026
1/6 Thrilled to announce our updated preprint on the CANVAS method for de novo enzyme design, in collaboration with @birtehoecker.bsky.social. We show how CANVAS builds custom lids onto minimal TIM barrels, transforming them into efficient catalysts. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 04/12/2025
1/ Save the date! The 6th Protein Engineering Canada Conference will be held on June 22-24 in Ottawa, Canada. Abstract submission and registration are open! More information here: event.fourwaves.com/pec2026/pages
Announcement for the 6th Protein Engineering Canada Conference, to be held June 22nd-24th in Ottawa, Canada. The image shows a protein structure in front of a picture of Parliament Hill and Chateau Laurier in Ottawa.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 04/12/2025
2/ Speakers of the 6th Protein Engineering Canada Conference include: Bill DeGrado Joelle Pelletier Tim Whitehead Anastassia Vorobieva Lucy Colwell Ai Niitsu @joannas.bsky.social @nickpolizzi.bsky.social @possuhuanglab.bsky.social @paolalaurino.bsky.social @stephanhammer.bsky.social and more!
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 04/12/2025
1/ Save the date! The 6th Protein Engineering Canada Conference will be held on June 22-24 in Ottawa, Canada. Abstract submission and registration are open! More information here: event.fourwaves.com/pec2026/pages
Announcement for the 6th Protein Engineering Canada Conference, to be held June 22nd-24th in Ottawa, Canada. The image shows a protein structure in front of a picture of Parliament Hill and Chateau Laurier in Ottawa.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 30/09/2025
Thrilled to share that our latest article is now out in final form! A great collaboration with @fraserlab.com and @silviaosuna.bsky.social. Distal mutations enhance catalysis in designed enzymes by facilitating substrate binding and product release www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Distal mutations enhance catalysis in designed enzymes by facilitating substrate binding and product release - Nature Communications
Distal mutations, though far from the active site, enhance Kemp eliminase catalysis by tuning conformational dynamics that facilitate substrate binding and product release, thereby promoting the full catalytic cycle.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 26/08/2025
Our latest article is now published online! In collaboration with @thompson-lab.bsky.social, Marc Garcia-Borràs, and @ferranfeixas.bsky.social. Distal Mutations in a Designed Retro-Aldolase Alter Loop Dynamics to Shift and Accelerate the Rate-Limiting Step pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10....
pubs.acs.org
Distal Mutations in a Designed Retro-Aldolase Alter Loop Dynamics to Shift and Accelerate the Rate-Limiting Step
Amino acid residues distant from an enzyme’s active site are known to influence catalysis, but their mechanistic contributions to the catalytic cycle remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 31/07/2025
Similarly, enzyme function can be designed de novo by creating a new active site within a natural protein scaffold that lacks the target activity, even if that catalytic function exists in nature. See below for an early example: www.pnas.org/doi/full/10....
pnas.org
Enzyme-like proteins by computational design | PNAS
We report the development and initial experimental validation of a computational design procedure aimed at generating enzyme-like protein catalys...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 31/07/2025
No, I don’t think that’s necessarily implied. For example, a TIM barrel can be designed from scratch without referencing any specific natural sequence or structure, even if this fold exists in nature. I consider this de novo design. See example below: www.nature.com/articles/nch...
nature.com
De novo design of a four-fold symmetric TIM-barrel protein with atomic-level accuracy - Nature Chemical Biology
Despite substantial effort, the de novo design of a stable TIM-barrel protein fold has remained elusive. A Rosetta-based computational strategy identifies a unique 184-residue sequence that adopts a T...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 31/07/2025
The design and creation of a protein sequence, structure or function from scratch, rather than modifying a pre-existing sequence, structure or function. An early pioneer of this field is Bill DeGrado, see below. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
science.org
Characterization of a Helical Protein Designed from First Principles
The question of how the primary amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional structure is still unanswered. One approach to this problem involves the de novo design of model pepti...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 29/07/2025
Overall, our study: ✅ Introduces a new strategy to transform minimal protein scaffolds into biocatalysts ✅ Provides mechanistic insights from crystallography & molecular dynamics ✅ Opens the door to designing custom lids for more complex reactions, which we’re now exploring Thanks for reading! 🧵🧬
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 29/07/2025
Our crystal structure validated the designed fold, confirming that the lid was correctly folded. However, a subtle 1.8 Å lid shift disrupted a key catalytic contact, likely contributing to the modest activity. But structural analysis reveals paths to improve activity in the next round of design!
The crystal structure (blue) aligns closely with the design model (minimal TIM barrel and lid colored white and magenta, respectively).
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 29/07/2025
One of our designs, KempTIM4, showed catalytic efficiency comparable to many first-round de novo Kemp eliminases generated by traditional methods.
Michaelis-Menten plot of KempTIM4 showing saturation kinetics.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 29/07/2025
Using CANVAS, we designed a structural lid onto a minimal, de novo TIM barrel to anchor catalytic residues and create an active site for the Kemp elimination reaction.
Building a custom lid onto a minimal, de novo TIM barrel using CANVAS.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 29/07/2025
TIM barrels are among nature’s most powerful enzyme scaffolds but making them from scratch with catalytic function has been a challenge. Enter CANVAS: a computational pipeline combining Triad, RFdiffusion & ProteinMPNN to customize minimal TIM barrels into functional enzymes.
De novo enzyme design using CANVAS.
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 29/07/2025
In collaboration with @birtehoecker.bsky.social, we’ve unlocked enzymatic activity in a minimal de novo TIM barrel by designing a custom lid for catalysis! 🧵👇 #ProteinDesign #EnzymeDesign Customizing the Structure of a Minimal TIM Barrel to Create a De Novo Enzyme www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
biorxiv.org
Customizing the Structure of a Minimal TIM Barrel to Craft a De Novo Enzyme
The TIM barrel is the most prevalent fold in natural enzymes, supporting efficient catalysis of diverse chemical reactions. While de novo TIM barrels have been successfully designed, their minimalisti...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 25/07/2025
Congratulations! Looking forward to seeing all the exciting science that will come out of your lab! 🧪
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Stephan Hammer @stephanhammer.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
Join us! We are looking for a new team member (PhD student) with strong background in organic chemistry. 🙏 RETWEET (We want to recruit internationally) Organic chemistry meets #DirectedEvolution Highly interdisciplinary & passionate research group uni-bielefeld.hr4you.org/job/view/433...
uni-bielefeld.hr4you.org
Research Position (PhD) in organic chemistry and b...
<div style="text-align: justify;">The&nbsp; research&nbsp; group&nbsp; „Organic&nbsp; Chemistry&nbsp; and&nb...
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Robert E. Campbell @campbell-lab.bsky.social · 15/05/2025
Protein Engineering, Design & Selection (PEDS) invites contributions to a Special Collection titled, “Non-Canonical Amino Acids", with guest editors Prof. Huiwang Ai (Virginia) and Prof. Peng Chen (Peking). Send us your best work! academic.oup.com/peds/pages/c...
Non-canonical amino acid from PDB ID 8W3Z shown chelating to a magnesium ion. Image made with PyMol.
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/8W3Z
https://www.pymol.org
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Nick Polizzi @nickpolizzi.bsky.social · 28/04/2025
Super excited to share a new preprint from our lab on design of small-molecule binding proteins using neural networks! The paper has a bit of everything. A new graph neural network, new design algorithms, and experimental validation. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... 🧵🧪
biorxiv.org
Zero-shot design of drug-binding proteins via neural selection-expansion
Computational design of molecular recognition remains challenging despite advances in deep learning. The design of proteins that bind to small molecules has been particularly difficult because it requ...
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Protein Society @proteinsociety.bsky.social · 06/03/2025
Guess what? TPS has extended the deadline to March 19 to submit abstracts for poster presentations and speaking opportunities at our 39th Annual Symposium. Join us in San Francisco June 26 - 29 for 3.5 days of scientific talks. hashtag#proteinscience hashtag#annualsymposium lnkd.in/g7VKqX7C
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 28/02/2025
The take-home message? Distal residues actively shape enzyme catalysis. Optimizing them can remove bottlenecks in substrate binding & product release—boosting activity. Want to dive deeper? Read our full study here: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... (6/6)
biorxiv.org
Distal mutations enhance catalysis in designed enzymes by facilitating substrate binding and product release
The role of amino-acid residues distant from an enzyme's active site in facilitating the complete catalytic cycle—including substrate binding, chemical transformation, and product release—remains poor...
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 28/02/2025
Molecular dynamics simulations showed that distal mutations enhance active-site accessibility—either by loosening loops covering the active site or widening bottlenecks for substrate entry & product exit. The enzyme breathes more efficiently! 🌬️ (5/6)
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 28/02/2025
Kinetic solvent viscosity effects & stopped-flow experiments showed that distal mutations don’t just tweak structure—they accelerate substrate binding & product release. (4/6)
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 28/02/2025
Crystal structures showed that active-site mutations pre-organize the catalytic machinery. But distal mutations? They subtly tune conformational dynamics—enhancing productive substates & reshaping the energy landscape of the catalytic cycle. (3/6)
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 28/02/2025
We engineered "Core" and "Shell" variants of three evolved Kemp eliminases to dissect the effects of active-site vs. distal mutations. Core mutations dramatically boosted catalysis. Shell mutations alone? Not much—until they worked together in evolved enzymes. 🔍 (2/6)
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Roberto Chica Lab @chicalab.bsky.social · 28/02/2025
How do mutations far from an enzyme's active site influence catalysis? 🤔 Part 2: In collaboration with @fraserlab.bsky.social and @silviaosuna.bsky.social, we investigated this question using de novo Kemp eliminases, revealing effects of distal mutations on the catalytic cycle. 🧵 (1/6)
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