AbstractBackground. Adults aged ≥65 years are at high risk of harm from antibiotic misuse due to misdiagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) as urinary

Adults aged ≥65 years are at high risk of harm from antibiotic misuse due to misdiagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) as urinary tract infection (UTI). Alongside strategies to improve prescribing, patients should be informed and empowered to discuss the harms/benefits of antibiotic treatment. We tested whether a patient-focused educational leaflet improved reported willingness to avoid antibiotics when not clinically necessary.MethodsIn an online randomized controlled survey experiment, US adult respondents aged ≥65 years read a scenario of themselves as an asymptomatic patient with a positive urine test before a nonurologic surgical procedure. They were assigned to 1 of 4 conditions, which varied by educational leaflet provision and surgeons' treatment recommendation for antibiotics. The primary outcome was respondents' comfort with not taking antibiotics for ASB. Secondary outcomes were reported misperceptions of ASB as UTI and knowledge.ResultsOf the 504 respondents (completion = 89%), the mean age was 72, 64.5% identified as male, 53.4% identified as Non-Hispanic White, and 35.7% reported prior antibiotic prescriptions for UTI. In response to the vignette, respondents shown the leaflet were more comfortable not taking antibiotics (P < .001), were less likely to misperceive ASB as a UTI (P < .001), and displayed greater knowledge (P < .001). Respondents told that the surgeon recommends antibiotics were less comfortable not taking antibiotics (P = .013) and more likely to misperceive ASB as UTI (P < .001).ConclusionsIn an online randomized controlled survey experiment, a patient-centered educational leaflet decreased reported desires to take antibiotics for ASB and improved knowledge among US adults age ≥65 years. Patient-focused education may prepare patients to engage in antibiotic treatment decisions.

Background: Clinical reasoning is increasingly recognised as an important skill in the diagnosis of serious conditions. eCREST (electronic Clinical Reasoning Educational Simulation Tool), a clinical r...

This JAMA Insights provides evidence-based recommendations for communicating numerical information to patients.

Background Research with lay audiences (e.g., patients, the public) can inform the communication of health-related numerical information. However, a recent syst...

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This survey study compares demographic characteristics, beliefs, and antibiotic preferences of US adults who frequently use antibiotics with those who have not used antibiotics over the past year.

AbstractBackground. The 2024 discovery of a new class of antibiotics is cause for cautious celebration. However, media coverage of this discovery shows ove

Experimental studies using vignettes investigate the impact of healthcare professional or patient/client characteristics, communication, and/or other …

Health sciences research has more than doubled in size over the past 12 years, a trajectory that highlights U of U Health as a destination for leading faculty, learners, and research teams who strive ...