Initiative 195 will ask voters to raise Colorado’s flat 4.4% income tax rate on income earned by people and corporations that exceeds $500,000

A ballot measure brought by a conservative political nonprofit would require police and prosecutors to notify the U.S. Department of Homeland Security when someone living in the U.S. illegally, or with uncertain immigrant status, is charged with a violent crime or if they’ve been previously convicted of a felony

Amendment 82 would add a right to natural gas in the state constitution at a time when Colorado is pushing both in policy and legislation to cut the use of natural gas as part of the state’s goal to reduce climate-altering greenhouse gas emissions. The measure was brought by Advance Colorado, a conservative political nonprofit that paid millions of dollars to collect voter signatures and get it on the ballot. Amendment 82 echoes a 2020 right to natural gas ballot proposal and a 2024 “energy choice” ballot initiative sponsored by the oil and gas industry. Both times the Colorado measures were withdrawn as part of a compromise that entailed environmental groups removing their competing initiatives from the ballot. Here’s what Amendment 82 would do, who is supporting it and who is opposing the initiative. ## What Amendment 82 would do The ballot initiative would add two sentences to the state constitution: “Consumers have a right to purchase natural gas for cooking or heating in their homes and businesses throughout the state. Distributors and utilities have the right to sell natural gas for homes and businesses.” The state’s official, nonpartisan Ballot Information Booklet, known as the “blue book,” said the amendment “may limit the ability for state or local governments to enforce existing or future regulations related to natural gas.” Since the ballot initiative would add language to the state constitution it needs to pass with 55% of the vote. ## Who is behind Amendment 82 and why The conservative political nonprofit Advance Colorado, which doesn’t disclose its donors, is sponsoring Amendment 82. “Natural gas is a clean, reliable and affordable form of energy that more than 70% of Colorado homes use today. That right should be protected,” Michael Fields, president of Advance Colorado, said in a statement. An issue committee called Brighter Colorado was created in July to support six Advance Colorado ballot measures, including Amendment 82. The committee had raised more than $300,000 through mid-September. The largest contribution was $250,000 from the Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit Common Sense America. Common Sense America and Colorado Dawn, another conservative political nonprofit that doesn’t disclose its donors, also each directly spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on signature gathering to get the initiative on the ballot. Advance Colorado contends that “natural gas in Colorado is under attack,” with the state’s ultimate goal — through the required clean heat plans — of reaching zero emissions by 2050. The Williams natural gas production facility north of Parachute on March 26, 2026. (Ed Kosmicki, Special to The Colorado Sun) “This is a major assault on the rights of Coloradans to choose the form of energy that best works for us,” Kristi Burton Brown, Advance Colorado’s executive vice president, said in a video presentation. The administration of Gov. Jared Polis issued a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Road Map in 2021, with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions 50% over 2005 levels by 2030. In 2024, the state adopted a law requiring natural gas utilities to develop Clean Heat Plans to cut their emissions 22% by 2030, in part by reducing sales. The same year Denver began requiring new commercial and large multi-family buildings to use electric space and water heating. ## Who is opposing Amendment 82 and why Environmental groups, public health groups and Democratic legislators are opposing the amendment. In May, Democratic state legislators sought to introduce a last-minute bill to blunt the impact of Amendment 82 (then known as Initiative 177) saying the measure was poorly drafted and ambiguous. ## ☀️ READ MORE ### Election Day is Nov. 3. Here’s what you need to know about Colorado’s candidates, ballot measures and how to vote. ▶ FULL STORY However, within days the effort faltered and was abandoned. In response to the Advance Colorado measure, Conservation Colorado, one of the state’s largest environmental groups, sought to place four measures on the ballot aimed at oil and gas operations, including ones tightening oil and gas operators’ liability for damages and cleanup of contaminated groundwater. In the past dueling industry and environmental initiatives led to a compromise with all the proposals removed from the ballot. The Conservation Colorado measures failed to make the ballot. Conservation Colorado and Western Resource Advocates, an environmental policy group, formed an issue committee — No Pollution in the Constitution — and had raised $340,000 through mid-September. Most of the committee’s funding has come from Conservation Colorado, which doesn’t disclose its donors. A second issues committee — Vote Common Sense — also opposes the amendment. It had raised about $495,000 as of Sept. 16. The largest contribution as of mid-September to Vote Common Sense — $200,000 — came from the Washington, D.C.-based Green Advocacy Project, a nonprofit that gets its money from liberal groups with unclear funding sources. “Given the risks to utility bills and safety regulations from placing vague and misleading preferences for natural gas profits into the state constitution, our top priority will be educating voters about the dangers of Initiative 177,” Conservation Colorado’s CEO Kelly Nordini said. “If necessary, we may pursue related policies in future years, either through the legislature or via the ballot,” Nordini said. ## How Amendment 82 appears on the ballot Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado Constitution creating new law granting the right for consumers to purchase natural gas for cooking or heating in homes or businesses and for distributors and utilities to sell natural gas to consumers? Read the nonpartisan state ballot guide analysis of the measure. _Colorado Sun staff writer Jesse Paul contributed to this report._ #### Editor’s picks ## Election Day is Nov. 3. Here’s what you need to know about Colorado’s candidates, ballot measures and how to vote. ## Colorado says goodbye to a “doozy” of a water year with more moisture in the forecast ## Mahjong, the 150-year-old Chinese tile game with a complicated history, is taking over Colorado #### Type of Story: News Based on facts, either observed and verified directly by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources.

Amid mounting concerns about its sprawling surveillance camera network, Flock Security told the press this summer that it operates more than 120,000 cameras nationwide. But a new map published Wednesday by a cybersecurity researcher reveals Flock’s nationwide reach is even bigger. Based on location coordinates from Flock’s own database, the map shows more than 170,000 cameras, plus more than 130,000 accompanying gadgets that play a part in the company’s expansive American surveillance network. Joshua Michael’s Flock Surveillance Map highlights the locations of what he says are 300,000 Flock surveillance devices spread across the country. His findings — which were cited in Wednesday’s Senate Subcommittee on Crime and Counterterrorism hearing on Flock — differ from existing maps of Flock’s automated license plate readers in scope and methodology. > “These cameras form a nationwide surveillance network that tracks where everyone drives.” Unlike crowd-sourced projects such as DeFlock, which are built on locations submitted by users, the Flock Surveillance Map relies on location data culled from a snapshot, archived by Michael in December 2025, of Flock’s own records. In addition to cameras, it maps supplemental devices — including 27,000 acoustic detection devices, as well as networking equipment that integrates third-party cameras — to illustrate the scale of Flock’s surveillance web. “These cameras form a nationwide surveillance network that tracks where everyone drives,” Michael told The Intercept, “so foreign nations don’t need to send spies to harm our country. They can simply watch where our soldiers, federal agents, and politicians go.” ## Most Read DoorDash Spent $1.4 Million Trying to Stop Mamdani From Becoming Mayor. Now We Know Why. Meghnad Bose, Macy Hanzlik-Barend Robert Kraft Claims His Donations Help Palestinians. Turns Out He’s Funding Friends of the IDF. Jonah Valdez Pink Supported Macklemore’s Firing. Now Activists Want UNICEF to Cut Ties With Her. Jonah Valdez The Intercept visited six random Arizona locations on Michael’s map; each location had a Flock camera present at the indicated coordinates. The Flock Surveillance Map also color-codes each Flock device according to its model — showing, for instance, whether the device is a Flock camera, known as a Falcon, or an accompanying processing unit known as a Picard. (Flock did not immediately respond to a request for comment.) The accompanying searchable dataset table also lists each camera’s individual name, as outlined in Flock’s database, which typically includes a street address and sometimes other identifying characteristics. A camera with the name “FBI Pilot Camera,” for example, is shown to be located at the J. Edgar Hoover Building — the FBI headquarters in Washington. ## Related ### Cops Are Using Flock to Spy on People for the Crime of Standing Around The map illustrates Flock’s national spread, but also its clustering in certain areas. For example, 860 Flock devices appear to be concentrated just outside Chicago O’Hare International Airport, at the Rosemont Public Safety Department, which provides police, fire, and emergency medical services in the Chicago suburb. Numerous Flock cameras appear to be installed inside detention centers. A camera titled “C-F-23 FOXTROT MALE HOLDING 2/SHOWERS” appears at the coordinates of the Silverdale Detention Center in Chattanooga, Tennessee. ## We’re independent of corporate interests — and powered by members. Join us. Become a member ## Join Our Newsletter Thank You For Joining! Original reporting. Fearless journalism. Delivered to you. Will you take the next step to support our independent journalism by becoming a member of The Intercept? I'm in Become a member By signing up, I agree to receive emails from The Intercept and to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. ## Join Our Newsletter ## Original reporting. Fearless journalism. Delivered to you. I'm in In November 2025, Michael discovered a novel way to identify the location of Flock’s devices. Trawling the company’s website, he realized that Flock’s servers were publicly leaking data in the form of an access token that could be acquired without needing to log in. With that token, Michael said he could query ArcGIS, a third-party geographic information system platform used by Flock, to retrieve the locations of Flock devices. Michael told The Intercept he promptly contacted Flock and described his findings. As Michael wrote in his initial email to Flock on November 13, 2025: “all testing was strictly non-intrusive, limited to open unauthenticated endpoints, and did not involve bypassing authentication, modifying data, or invoking any billable ArcGIS or Google operations.” Michael said he didn’t receive a reply, so he followed up with Flock the next day, and a third time several days later. After his third attempt to inform Flock of the discovered vulnerability, Michael received a reply from a Flock that said, “Thank you for the findings. We are internally triaging them and will reach back out with next steps soon.” ## Related ### License Plate Surveillance, Courtesy of Your Homeowners Association Michael said he never heard back about it from Flock. In December 2025, Michael downloaded the Flock device location data, and in January wrote an in-depth technical blogpost about his what he had found. After Michael’s post, it appears that Flock fixed the vulnerability. Despite being alerted of Michael’s findings in November 2025, Flock published its own blogpost the following January saying it hadn’t had any data breaches. “Flock has never been hacked, and there has not been a leak of Flock information,” the company claimed. “Flock Safety’s cloud platform has never experienced a data breach.” The Atlanta-based startup has faced mounting criticism for its practices and transparency in recent months. An American Civil Liberties Union report found “a pattern of Flock regularly misleading or even lying about its business practices, safety record, commitment to privacy, and efforts to protect vulnerable populations.” Michael told The Intercept that Flock’s recent claims about its data security record don’t reflect reality. Flock has publicly claimed multiple times that the company has never experienced a data breach, “and this was after I pulled their database of devices.” “That leaves two possibilities,” he said. “Either they knew and chose not to disclose it for fear of bad press, or they didn’t know I exfiltrated the data at all. The first is a transparency failure. The second is a detection failure with national security implications.” On Thursday, Michael was notified that Doppel, which describes itself as an “AI-native social engineering defense platfom,” filed a trademark infringement complaint regarding his site, claiming to be working on Flock’s behalf. Doppel says that the site is using the trademark “FLOCK SAFETY” without authorization, which “may cause customer confusion / harm.” Doppel requested the site be taken down. When he posted the Flock Surveillance Map, Michael included a pop-up disclaimer saying that the site is “not affiliated with or endorsed by Flock.” Share * Copy link * Share on Facebook * Share on Bluesky * Share on X * Share on LinkedIn * Share on WhatsApp _IT’S EVEN WORSE THAN WE THOUGHT._ What we’re seeing right now from Donald Trump is a full-on authoritarian takeover of the U.S. government. This is not hyperbole. Court orders are being ignored. MAGA loyalists have been put in charge of the military and federal law enforcement agencies. The Department of Government Efficiency has stripped Congress of its power of the purse. News outlets that challenge Trump have been banished or put under investigation. Yet far too many are still covering Trump’s assault on democracy like politics as usual, with flattering headlines describing Trump as “unconventional,” “testing the boundaries,” and “aggressively flexing power.” The Intercept has long covered authoritarian governments, billionaire oligarchs, and backsliding democracies around the world. We understand the challenge we face in Trump and the vital importance of press freedom in defending democracy. ## We’re independent of corporate interests. Will you help us? $15 $25 $50 $100 $5 $8 $10 $15 One Time Monthly Donate **_IT’S BEEN A DEVASTATING_** year for journalism — the worst in modern U.S. history. We have a president with utter contempt for truth aggressively using the government’s full powers to dismantle the free press. Corporate news outlets have cowered, becoming accessories in Trump’s project to create a post-truth America. Right-wing billionaires have pounced, buying up media organizations and rebuilding the information environment to their liking. In this most perilous moment for democracy, The Intercept is fighting back. But to do so effectively, we need to grow. **That’s where you come in. Will you help us expand our reporting capacity in time to hit the ground running in 2026?** ## We’re independent of corporate interests. Will you help us? $15 $25 $50 $100 $5 $8 $10 $15 One Time Monthly Donate **_I’M BEN MUESSIG,_** The Intercept’s editor-in-chief. It’s been a devastating year for journalism — the worst in modern U.S. history. We have a president with utter contempt for truth aggressively using the government’s full powers to dismantle the free press. Corporate news outlets have cowered, becoming accessories in Trump’s project to create a post-truth America. Right-wing billionaires have pounced, buying up media organizations and rebuilding the information environment to their liking. In this most perilous moment for democracy, The Intercept is fighting back. But to do so effectively, we need to grow. **That’s where you come in. Will you help us expand our reporting capacity in time to hit the ground running in 2026?** ## We’re independent of corporate interests. Will you help us? $15 $25 $50 $100 $5 $8 $10 $15 One Time Monthly Donate ## Contact the author: Nikita Mazurov ## Related ### Apocalypse Now: Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor Investigate the End-Timers Alliance ### Facing Outraged Residents, Flock Got Help From Group That Uses AI to Rally Public Support ### Cops Are Using Flock to Spy on People for the Crime of Standing Around ### Flock Donations to Local Politicians’ Groups Skyrocket as Protests Against AI Cameras Mount ## Latest Stories Targeting Iran ### Congress Failed Again to Stop Trump’s Iran War. This Group Is Trying Through the Courts. Noah Hurowitz - Sep. 24 “It is all hands on deck to stop this full-blown constitutional crisis,” said the head of NIAC Action, which filed suit on behalf of Iranian Americans. ### Green Energy Is Coming for the Desert Joshua Frank - Sep. 24 Trump’s Bureau of Land Management is pushing to aggressively expand solar farms into the Mojave Desert, which advocates say would decimate its vast biodiversity. ### As the Pentagon Expands Across the Pacific, Guam Offers a Warning Anita Hofschneider - Sep. 24 The U.S. militarization of Guam has left its residents living with a legacy of pollution, environmental degradation, and cultural loss. Other Pacific islands may be next. Join The Conversation

Voting starts September 22 with a final winner crowned on September 29.