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Andrew Camp

@andrewmcamp.com
440 followers 473 following 267 posts

Senior Research Associate at the Annenberg Institute. I study teachers. All opinions my own. andrewmcamp.com

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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Harry Anthony Patrinos @hpatrinos.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
No evidence that the four-day school week improves teacher retention New article by @andrewmcamp.com Anglum, Koedel, Lee, Nguyen journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/...
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
So we web-scrapped and collected over 13,000 individual reports, then combined them into one of the more comprehensive ed finance datasets I've seen. It covers 500+ LEAs across nearly 25 years (and building level exp since 2018) and is free for anyone to use: momoney.andrewmcamp.com/
momoney.andrewmcamp.com
Missouri Education Finance Data
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
The biggest challenge for the project was finding financial data that was granular enough to be useful. F-33 takes too long and is still quite coarse. Datasets from the state dept. of education lacked the details we needed to follow the dollars. But, MO districts submit annual financial reports...
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
In addition to documenting the revenue story, the report examines what charters spent the money on (more and better paid teachers) as well as presents some preliminary evidence about the effect of these extra dollars on student outcomes (more on this soon).
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
Charters in both cities now receive much more revenue per pupil than they otherwise would, but the bill failed to close the gap. Enrollment declines were large enough for districts per pupil revenues to spike, and the mechanics of the fix means that MO taxpayers are footing the bill to close it.
Figure shows per pupil revenues for charter and traditional public schools in St. Louis and Kansas City by source for the 2024–25 school year. Federal revenues include Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) dollars in addition to formula grants. “Other state” revenues include funding for transportation, early childhood special education, and adult literacy. “Other local” revenues include monies from the School District Trust Fund (Prop C), the M&M surtax, and the city sales tax (in the case of St. Louis). County revenues that function as property taxes (e.g., state-assessed taxes on railroads and utilities) are included as property taxes while county revenues from fines and penalties are included in “other local.”
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
How did it grow so much more than expected? Enrollment declines in the districts, enrollment growth in the charters, and plus a two-year data lag mean that the calculated payment amount will continue growing until enrollments stabilize (or property values plummet).
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
The idea behind the fix was simple: figure out what the gap in state + local revenue is in per pupil terms, then cut charters a check to make up the difference. The fiscal note for the bill projected about $2300 per pupil and $67mil total per year. By 2025-26, this turned into $6k and $188mil.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
Two things to know about this gap: (1) It affected a large number of students since charters in each city have about half of public school enrollments. (2) The gap remains when we adjust for shares of low income students, multilingual learners, and students with disabilities.
This figure shows trends in total preK-12 enrollment for St. Louis Public Schools, Kansas City Public Schools, St. Louis Charter schools and Kansas City charter schools.Panel A shows the unadjusted differences in combined state and local revenue per pupil between charter schools and traditional public schools in St. Louis and Kansas City. Panel B shows the differences after adjusting for differences in student characteristics across sectors, including eligibility for free or reduced-price lunch, English learner status, and special education status. All differences are expressed in 2024 dollars.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
The fix, passed as HB 1552 of 2022, sought to address a long-standing and quickly growing revenue gap between charters and traditional public schools in Kansas City and St. Louis. By 2021-22, charters received about 30% less in total revenue than their TPS counterparts.
This figure shows per pupil revenues for charter and traditional public schools in St. Louis and Kansas City by source for the 2021–22 school year. Federal revenues include Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) dollars in addition to formula grants. “Other state” revenues include funding for transportation, early childhood special education, and adult literacy. “Other local” revenues include monies from the School District Trust Fund (Prop C), the M&M surtax, and the city sales tax (in the case of St. Louis). County revenues that function as property taxes (e.g., state-assessed taxes on railroads and utilities) are included as property taxes while county revenues from fines and penalties are included in “other local.”
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/08/2026
In 2022, Missouri changed its school funding formula to equalize revenues between charter and traditional public schools In a new report at Fordham, Collin Hitt, David Griffith, & I document the fiscal effects The impact was far greater than lawmakers expected fordhaminstitute.org/national/res...
Cover page for report titled "Moving Target: The Success and Failure of Missouri's Charter School Funding Surge"
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Gema Zamarro @gzamarro.bsky.social · 08/08/2026
Nice @nctq.bsky.social article about my paper with Taylor Wilson, @andrewmcamp.com and @jbmcgee.bsky.social www.nctq.org/research-ins...
nctq.org
Are potential teachers hidden in plain sight? Findings from Arkansas - National Council on Teacher Quality
New Arkansas research examines teacher prep completers who never entered the classroom, revealing a smaller hidden teaching bench than Washington state.
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Juan Moreno-Cruz @jmorenocruz.bsky.social · 06/08/2026
The journals are giving Refine what’s essentially a monopoly. And, as economists, we should know better. I think an open and free version of a similar AI tool, perhaps owned by the associations, would be a better path forward.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 04/08/2026
Some level of exits from the profession beyond the "retirement replacement rate" is probably good if for no other reason than ineffective teachers are more likely to exit than more effective teachers. To some extent, turnover is healthy if the spot is filled by a more effective teacher.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 04/08/2026
I think that's true and even more true for districts with historically high turnover rates. But I also think it's interesting to think about what an ideal rate would be. If it's only the rate an which we replace retirements, then we probably are over producing teachers.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
As an aside, a fun question is "what's the ideal turnover rate." About 8% of teachers exit the profession each year. Excluding retirements, 4-6% of teachers are leaving the education workforce. Whatever that rate should be, it's not 0%. Some turnover is inevitable and some is healthy.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
So should we be concerned about state average turnover rates that remain elevated? Yeah, probably a bit. But we should also be realistic that this is not a phenomenon affecting all districts the same and that the absolute rate is somewhat low.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
This ties to one of my favorite papers from the last few years: caldercenter.org/publications... Baker & Koedel show that working conditions have continued to deteriorate after COVID-era disruptions had ended, which wasn't intuitive for a lot of folks but might help explain elevated turnover.
caldercenter.org
The Decline in Teacher Working Conditions During and After the COVID Pandemic | CALDER Center
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
One of the largest schools level factors was the discipline rate which became more strongly associated with teacher turnover as time went on. Schools with higher discipline rates (measured pre-COVID) saw larger increases in turnover.
caldercenter.org
The Decline in Teacher Working Conditions During and After the COVID Pandemic | CALDER Center
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
But in light of some of the recent discussion, I think our results for school-level factors are quite interesting. If anything, the share of non-white students and poverty were less strongly associated with turnover following COVID than before. Enrollment changes also became less strongly assoc.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
In my work with @gzamarro.bsky.social and @jbmcgee.bsky.social, we examine both teacher and school level factors associated with increased turnover during COVID. doi.org/10.3102/0162... We find increased turnover among more experienced, diverse, and effective teachers. To be clear, this is bad.
doi.org
Sage Journals: Discover world-class research
Subscription and open access journals from Sage, the world's leading independent academic publisher.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
But the district level rates are informative because districts are the ones most directly experiencing turnover, factors associated w/ changes in turnover might help us understand what's going on, and it's worth noting that many districts with larger increases historically had lower turnover rates.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
Because the increases in turnover were on average larger than the decreases, the state turnover rate increased. This led to the consistent pattern across states that Barnum notes and researchers have been commenting on for a while (e.g., livehandbook.org/k-12-educati...)
livehandbook.org
The Covid-19 Pandemic and Schools
Explore the pandemic's impact on education: learning loss, enrollment shifts, teacher turnover, and recovery efforts. Discover key research findings.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
A few thoughts from my work and favorite papers over the last few years: Teacher turnover did not increase everywhere. State averages of turnover did. In Arkansas, about as many districts saw a decrease in turnover as saw an increase during/post-COVID.
Map showing variation in changes in teacher turnover pre-pandemic (2014-15 to 2019-20) compared with during COVID (2020-21 through 2022-23) by district, Arkansas.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
Chad Aldeman and others make the point that the absolute turnover rate for teachers are still not that high: open.substack.com/pub/aldemano... After all, many of the turnover stats in Barnum's article include between district movers AND exits from the profession.
open.substack.com
The rise and fall of teacher turnover
The enduring staffing challenges are the same ones we've had all along
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 01/08/2026
Everyone's talking about teacher turnover after a webinar + article this week. Is it too high? What happened with COVID? Matt Barnum collects state-level average teacher turnover rates from 21 states and finds that turnover remains elevated compared to pre-COVID: www.chalkbeat.org/2026/07/30/t...
chalkbeat.org
A ‘lost generation’ of teachers left the classroom. Schools are still dealing with the consequences.
Veteran teachers left, principals cycled through too, and high-poverty schools likely faced the greatest strain. Here’s what years of churn did to classrooms.
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Paul Bruno @paul-bruno.com · 30/07/2026
As is often the case, pretty similar in a lot of ways. And I wonder how much of the differences (such as they are) in the quits patterns have their origins in teachers being insulated from the huge spike in non-quit separations during the pandemic.
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Paul Bruno @paul-bruno.com · 30/07/2026
Always interesting to compare teaching to the economy-wide rates (quit and total separation rates, in this case).
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Jake Grumbach @jakemgrumbach.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
That's right
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Overly.Honest.Editor @editoratlarge.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
If you're dying with anxiety because the status of your paper has not changed from "under review" for weeks, you may want to read the Future of Peer Review report from Silverchair that came out recently and replaced the outdated Publons report from 2018... #ScientificPublishing #PeerReview /
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Gema Zamarro @gzamarro.bsky.social · 26/06/2026
Happy to share that my paper with @andrewmcamp.com and @jbmcgee.bsky.social “Untapped Potential? Understanding the Paraeducator-to-Teacher Pipeline and Its Potential for Diversifying the Teacher Workforce" is available at the American Education Research Journal journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/...
journals.sagepub.com
Sage Journals: Discover world-class research
Subscription and open access journals from Sage, the world's leading independent academic publisher.
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Gema Zamarro @gzamarro.bsky.social · 15/06/2026
“Too often, discussions about teaching are driven by assumptions, isolated experiences, or national narratives that may not reflect what is happening in the aggregate across Arkansas” www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/ju...
arkansasonline.com
OPINION | JOSH McGEE AND GEMA ZAMARRO: The status of Arkansas teachers | Arkansas Democrat Gazette
If you follow public discussions about education, you might conclude that teaching is a profession in crisis.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 11/06/2026
Got a sneak peak of this yesterday and on boy, you'll wanna be there!
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Dan Goldhaber @cedr.bsky.social · 04/06/2026
New @caldercenter.bsky.social working paper alert! We (many authors) examine what applications to different teaching & principal jobs suggest about the preferences of job applicants for schools: caldercenter.org/publications... 1/n
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Annenberg Institute @annenberginstitute.bsky.social · 04/06/2026
Register now for the June 17 EdWorkingPapers webinar facilitated by tomdee.bsky.social and featuring @andrewmcamp.com, Jeremy Singer, and their co-authors. edworkingpapers.com/webinar-series
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 03/06/2026
Looking forward to sharing some of my recent work + learn from some fantastic researchers in just 2 weeks! Check it out, sign up, and join us ⬇️
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Jeremy Singer @jeremylsinger.bsky.social · 03/06/2026
I‘m really excited to talk about our research on attendance with @andrewmcamp.com, @tomdee.bsky.social, and our colleagues!
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Andrew Ho @andrewdeanho.bsky.social · 29/05/2026
Most measurement arguments reduce to two people using the same scores for different purposes. @mpolikoff.bsky.social's great review reveals the real tensions in "grade inflation" debates. Closing the "honesty gap" requires clearer communication about our hoped-for uses of grades and test scores.
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Reposted by Andrew Camp
Morgan Polikoff @mpolikoff.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
I had many thoughts about that NYT grade inflation op-ed from a couple days ago. Here are some of them. // It's Gonna Be Much Harder Than People Think to Change the Narratives About Testing and Grades edpolicyhub.substack.com/p/its-going-...
edpolicyhub.substack.com
It's Gonna Be Much Harder Than People Think to Change the Narratives About Testing and Grades
A Response to Kalil and Rury
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Gema Zamarro @gzamarro.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
“Our surveys also tell us about the working conditions of our teachers. Pay is important, but working conditions are also very important.” www.kuaf.com/show/ozarks-...
kuaf.com
Arkansas teacher retention rebounds, but challenges persist
UofA researchers Josh McGee and Gema Zamarro discuss Arkansas teacher retention rates, job satisfaction, student behavior challenges, and what the LEARNS Act has meant for the profession.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 20/05/2026
Nice coverage of some of my recent work looking at the effects of federal immigration policy on students: edweek.org/leadership/immigrant-students-fear-enforcement-and-stay-out-of-school/2026/05
edweek.org
Immigrant Students Fear Enforcement and Stay Out of School
An April working paper found that immigration enforcement increased absence rates.
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CALDER Center @caldercenter.bsky.social · 15/05/2026
📣 Save the date: May 28 @ 2 PM ET Join @nwea.bsky.social's Emily Morton for a live webinar as she shares findings on tutoring and summer learning interventions used by districts to support academic recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. Register 👉 bit.ly/4dLRnoP
Webinar on May 28 at 2:00 PM ET titled “Examining the Implementation and Impacts of Post-Pandemic Tutoring and Summer School Academic Recovery Initiatives,” featuring Emily Morton, Lead Researcher at NWEA
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Joshua Goodman @joshua-goodman.com · 15/05/2026
Some news: www.bu.edu/wheelock/new...
bu.edu
BU Wheelock Faculty Promoted to Full Professor
Three BU Wheelock faculty members were promoted from associate professor to full professors.
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Paul Bruno @paul-bruno.com · 12/05/2026
One of the main takeaways from this iteration of the District Dollars report? School districts in California have recently seen big increases in funding and historically high funding levels, due to growth across federal, state, and local funding.
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Ben Harrap @bharrap.bsky.social · 02/05/2026
Disclaimer: this is my first #quarto extension, I don't know what I'm doing That said, for who knows what reason I've always wanted a RevealJS feature where you can summon Wayne Knight to deliver his iconic "ah ah ah" line from Jurassic Park You're welcome (sound on) github.com/benharrap/ah...
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/05/2026
I might be a hater, but I really have never understood the argument that a relationship which is clearly confounded/reverse causation is "interesting." If it's raining outside, it's not interesting that the sidewalk is wet.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 13/05/2026
I used to keep a list of ed policy papers that followed this pattern of presenting a clearly endogenous relationship, throwing in some "controls," and then arguing the relationship was causal due to some "theory" or that the correlation was "interesting." But it was too much to keep up with.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 12/05/2026
Honestly this has seemed like one of the biggest "low hanging fruit" policy changes out there. Good to see some evidence in support of my unreasonably strong priors.
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 09/05/2026
This is Jack. Jack looks a lot like a fox. Coincidentally, we live in a neighborhood called Fox Point. So I'm running an election to figure out who the official Fox of Fox Point is. Check it out (and vote for Jack!!): foxpointfox.com?fox=5d985f9a...
A photo of an adorable dog named Jack
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 08/05/2026
static.klipy.com
Ms. Frizzle: Seatbelts Everyone! Magic School Bus
ALT: Ms. Frizzle: Seatbelts Everyone! Magic School Bus
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Andrew Camp @andrewmcamp.com · 08/05/2026
Yes, but it'll be a researcher embedded ethnography
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