In 2025, the words we use to describe emotions matter, but their definitions are controversial. Here, I unpack the different positions in this space and the rationales behind them—and I invite 13…

A countenance such as a grimace activates many of the same cortical pathways as voluntary facial movements.

Rather than act as a simple switchboard for innate behaviors, the hypothalamus encodes an animal's internal state, which influences behavior.

Early publishing success, team size and international collaborations are some of the best predictors of future publication rates.

Studying how organisms infer indirect threats and understand changing contexts can establish a common framework that bridges species and levels of analysis.

Survival depends on the ability to respond appropriately to threats, yet the selection of defensive behaviors varies among individuals with distinct b…

Nature - Neurons in the rodent dorsomedial prefrontal cortex encode a flexible internal model of emotion by linking directly experienced and inferred associations with aversive experiences.