Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used in liposome formulation due to its blocking properties and ability to prolong circulation in vivo, to create biomimetic liposomes and drug delivery devices. Si...

Background The evolutionary history of retroviruses and their impact on vertebrate evolution remains poorly understood, particularly in non-mammalian hosts. In this study, we explore retroviruses asso...

We inserted small light-interacting domains at various locations in the stator complex to see what sites were amenable for labeling and how these affected flagellar rotation and switching. We observe...

Flagellar motility allows bacteria to propel themselves and direct movement according to environmental conditions. It plays a key role in bacterial pathogenicity and survival. We investigated the molecular and structural diversity of the stator motor proteins that provide the ion motive force to power flagellar rotation. This study uses a comparative approach that integrates phylogenetics, 3D protein structure, motility assays, and ancestral state reconstruction (ASR) to provide insights into the structural mechanisms that first powered the flagellar motor. We provide the first phylogenetic and structural characterization and classification of MotAB and relatives.

Flagellin is a key protein forming the filament of the bacterial flagellar motor which powers most bacterial swimming. Flagellin can have hypervariable domains which can alter motility in different en...

New analysis shows that the last common ancestor of bacteria had a flagellar motor which enabled it to swim, indicating how important learning to swim was for life.

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Abstract. Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, interacting with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through imperfect base pairing

Norovirus causes an estimated 699 million cases of gastroenteritis and 219,000 deaths each year. Historically, novel strains with a genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) capsid have emerged every 3–5 yea...