Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 13 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01331-0Antigen-specific T cells underpin immunity, cancer surveillance and autoimmunity, yet remain difficult to study. This Review describes the technologies and computational approaches that are helping to link T cell receptor specificity with function, revealing how intrinsic T cell properties shape immune outcomes across infection, vaccination and disease.

Skinner et al. dissects immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination in a high-risk comorbid population of Australian First Nations and non-Indigenous people, highlighting significant baseline i...

B cell responses that bound to future H1N1 and influenza B virus strains, but not H3N2 strains, were elicited in adults by the 1994 influenza vaccine.

Individuals at high risk for subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infections can be identified by analyzing antibody titers over time.

Understanding host factors driving asymptomatic versus severe disease outcomes is of key importance if we are to control emerging and re-emerging v...

Central memory CD8+ T cells (Tcm) represent the prominent memory T cell subset in human blood, yet the persistence of T cell receptor (TCR) clonoty...