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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 15/07/2026

Our book on #Hypothyroidism is now available in 5 formats: Printed hardcover, printed softcover (both in full colour), MyCopy softcover (price reduced, monochrome, for members of universities) and 2 eBooks (PDF and EPUB), rendering it accessible to more readers. doi.org/10.1007/978-...

Printed versions of the book "Hypothyroidism" by Rudolf Hoermann and Johannes W. Dietrich, Springer Singapore 2025

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SimulAdrenTeam @simuladrenteam.bsky.social · 24/03/2026

#SimulAdren underwent a major upgrade. Version 2.0 introduces significant new features, e.g., support for different models, initial conditions, first-order delay kinetics (ASIA elements), and model continuation. simuladren.sourceforge.io doi.org/10.5281/zeno... doi.org/10.5281/zeno...

Screenshot of SimulAdren 2.0 (Rubycon) on macOS 13.7 (Ventura).

Screenshot of SimulAdren 2.0 (Rubycon) on Windows 11

Screenshot of SimulAdren 2.0 (Rubycon) on Fedora Linux 38

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 20/03/2026

Mathematical modelling, computer #simulation, and machine learning upgrade #endocrinology. Applying principles of #biocybernetics and #biophysics, they enjoy growing interest and deliver novel methods for research, diagnosis, and therapy. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41852474/ doi.org/10.3389/fend...

Two bar plots from the paper:

Yearly numbers of publications in PubMed from 1965 to 2025 on mathematical modelling in endocrinology and diabetes with (left) and without (right) machine learning.

Search terms were “(“mathematical modelling” OR “computer simulation” OR “machine learning”) AND (endocrinology OR endocrine OR hormone OR hormonal OR diabetes)” for the left plot and “(“mathematical modelling” OR “computer simulation”) AND (endocrinology OR endocrine OR hormone OR hormonal OR diabetes)” for the right plot.

The left chart shows a dramatic increase, peaking sharply in the year 2025 at nearly 3000 publications. The right chart shows moderate growth with peaks around four hundred around the year 2025.

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SimThyrTeam @simthyrteam.bsky.social · 05/03/2026

30 years of #SimThyr in #Marchintosh 2026: #SimThyr 2.0 on a Mac SE with Mac OS Antares 6.0.7 and SimThyr 4.0.6 on a MacBook Air with macOS Ventura 13.7. Thanks to the fact that the code was based on the #Pascal programming language, the software is highly portable, but runs with full native speed.

SimThyr 2.0 on a Mac SE with Mac OS Antares 6.0.7 (left) and SimThyr 4.0.6 on a MacBook Air with macOS Ventura 13.7 (right)

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CyberUnits Team @cyberunitsteam.bsky.social · 27/01/2026

#Simuladren, a simulator for the #HPA axis based on #CyberUnits Bricks, has been updated to version 1.2. This upgrade introduces support for XML files according to #MIASE and #MIRIAM guidelines and high-res displays on Windows. simuladren.sourceforge.io doi.org/10.5281/zeno...

Screenshot of SimulAdren 1.2 (Emerald) on macOS 13.7 Ventura.

Screenshot of SimulAdren 1.2 (Emerald) on Windows 11.

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 07/09/2025

Are you researching #endocrine #feedback control systems? Our Research Topic "Mechanistic, Machine Learning and Hybrid Models of the 'Other' Endocrine Regulatory Systems in Health and Disease: Volume II" is still open for submission. www.frontiersin.org/research-top... #endocrinology #cybernetics

Screenshot of the web site of the Research Topic "Mechanistic, Machine Learning and Hybrid Models of the 'Other' Endocrine Regulatory Systems in Health and Disease: Volume II" in Frontiers in Systems Endocrinology

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SimulaBetaTeam @simulabetateam.bsky.social · 19/07/2025

#SimulaBeta and #SimThyr provide the theoretical foundations for this revolutionary approach.

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 14/06/2025

Multiple feedforward motifs and feedback loops maintain #thyroid #homeostasis and #allostasis. The mechanism of relational stability maintains T3 in a balanced and safe range, even in conditions of declining thyroid function. doi.org/10.1007/978-... 🧪 🩺 #MedSky

Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid regulation is implemented by multiple feedforward motifs and feedback loops.

Demonstration of attainment of perfect FT3 homeostasis in hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis regulation in a mathematical model. The interactive loops of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis regulation enable the actions of TRH (not shown), TSH, and FT4 to cooperate in a way to produce an equilibrium solution of perfect homeostasis for FT3. This is an example of relational stability. The strengths of all limbs have been normalised.

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 07/06/2025

Signalling via #thyroid hormones is more than T3 and T4. It involves 27 molecules based on the thyronine skeleton, 10 transmembrane transporters, 3 deiodinases, 6 receptors, and 4 types of action, unfolding a complex firework of possibilities, explaining health and disease. doi.org/10.1007/978-...

Table from the book "Hypothyroidism – a Paradigm Shift" by Hoermann and Dietrich: Four receptor types (THRalpha1, THRbeta1, THRbeta2, THRbeta3, p43 and alphaVbeta3) convey thyroid signals in different tissues.

Table from the book "Hypothyroidism – a Paradigm Shift" by Hoermann and Dietrich: Eleven types of transporters with different hormone- and tissue-specificity carry thyroid hormones through cell membranes.

Figure from the book "Hypothyroidism – a Paradigm Shift" by Hoermann and Dietrich, showing an opened cell with the interaction of different thyroid hormones, transporters, deiodinases and signaling types.

Table from the book "Hypothyroidism – a Paradigm Shift" by Hoermann and Dietrich: Three types of deiodinases mediate step-up and step-down reactions interconverting thyroid hormones and leading to activation and inactivation.

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 04/06/2025

Our book is now available in printed form. Use the code SPRAUT to get a discount of 20% at Springer Nature. link.springer.com/book/9789819...

A stack with several printed books, "Hypothyroidism – A Paradigm Shift" by Rudolf Hoermann and Johannes W. Dietrich.

Flyer for the book "Hypothyroidism – A Paradigm Shift" by Rudolf Hoermann and Johannes W. Dietrich. Use the code SPRAUT to get a discount of 20% at Springer Nature.

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SimThyrTeam @simthyrteam.bsky.social · 31/05/2025

Computer simulations with #SimThyr enhance our understanding of the physiology of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback control. This applies, for example, to the evolution of #TACITUS syndrome. #thyroid #hypothyroidism #NTIS #biocybernetics doi.org/10.1007/978-...

Figure from the book "Hypothyroidism: A Paradigm Shift" by Hoermann and Dietrich: Combination of peripheral and central mechanisms leading to the low-T3 syndrome. The activities of peripheral (GD1) and central (GD2) deiodinases diverge to cause the low-T3 phenotype. The graph shown has been produced by computer simulation with the free app SimThyr.

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 27/05/2025

Our eBook on #hypothyroidism has been published. The new cybernetic theory presented here summarises our scientific work of more than 20 years and lays the foundation for improved diagnosis and therapy of #thyroid disorders. The book is available in EPUB and PDF formats. doi.org/10.1007/978-...

Title page of the book "Hypothyroidism" by Hoermann and Dietrich.

This book revolutionizes our understanding of the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and the homeostasis of the thyroid system, offering a groundbreaking framework for diagnosing and treating hypothyroidism. By challenging conventional approaches, it addresses the pressing need for improved treatment quality, especially for patients experiencing persistent symptoms despite standard levothyroxine therapy. Delve into a comprehensive exploration of hypothyroidism, from its definition and pathophysiology to patient presentation and endocrine regulation. The chapters illuminate critical topics such as iodine metabolism, thyroid hormone signaling, and the intricacies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. With contributions from leading experts, this book presents a paradigm shift in clinical care by integrating recent advances in thyroid regulation into practical treatment strategies. Readers will uncover why many patients fail to respond adequately to current treatments and discover innovative approaches to diagnosis and therapy. Ideal for medical professionals, researchers, clinicians, and specialists interested in thyroid disease, this book is also invaluable for general practitioners and informed patients seeking deeper insights into their condition. Aspiring endocrinologists will find it particularly educational, aligning with curriculum requirements while offering a fresh perspective on thyroid health. With its focus on cutting-edge research and practical applications, this volume is indispensable for anyone dedicated to improving patient care in the field of endocrinology.

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 30/03/2025

Medical treatment of #hyperthyroidism, i.e. #thyrotoxicosis due to overproduction of #thyroid hormone, remains a challenge. We developed a new dosage methodology based on model predictive control (MPC), which is faster and more stable than the usual trial-and-error approach. doi.org/10.1016/j.if...

Fig. 1. Simplified block diagram of the pituitary-thyroid feedback loop. The thyroid produces the hormones T3 and T4. On the one hand, this process is stimulated by TSH, a hormone secreted from the pituitary. On the other hand, this process is inhibited by Methimazole (MMI), an antithyroid agent (i.e., a medication), which constitutes the control input in this work. The hormone T4 gets converted into T3 by the enzymes 5’-deiodinase type I (D1) and 5’-deiodinase type II (D2). Finally, TRH (which is a natural hormone, and not a medication) stimulates the production of TSH.

Fig. 2. Illustration of the guidelines given by the American Thyroid association (ATA) (Ross et al., 2016). The treating physician may encounter many difficulties to select one precise dosage using these (rather vague) recommendations.

Fig. 3. Simulation results of an exemplary treatment based on the guidelines introduced in Ross et al. (2016). We apply the mean medication dosage for each interval, e.g., if the concentration of FT4 (which is proportional to T4) is within 27−42 pmol/L, we apply 7.5 mg. As disturbances, we consider forgotten dosages and measurement noise as explained in Section 3.

Fig. 4. Course of the hormone concentrations and the corresponding MMI dosages that are taken orally once per day. The dosages are determined by the MPC scheme introduced in Subsection 2.2. As explained in Section 3, we consider forgotten dosages, a model-plant mismatch, and some measurement noise as disturbances.

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SPINA Team @spinateam.bsky.social · 28/12/2024

The method of structure parameter inference approach, i.e. #SPINA-Thyr and #SPINA_Carb, has predictive power in the setting of #P4_medicine. In a large population sample, four SPINA parameters, #SPINA-GT, #SPINA-GD, #SPINA-GBeta and #SPINA-DI, predicted all-cause mortality. doi.org/10.53201/LEI...

In an unselected population sample (NHANES 2009/2010), persons with low thyroid's secretory capacity (SPINA-GT) and total step-up deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD) face significantly worse survival over 10 years.

In an unselected population sample (NHANES 2009/2010), persons with low beta-cell function (SPINA-GBeta) and static disposition index (SPINA-DI) are faced with significantly shorter survival over 10 years.

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SPINA Team @spinateam.bsky.social · 22/12/2024

Calculating #SPINA-GT, #thyroid's secretory capacity, and #SPINA-GD, total #deiodinase activity, is evolving towards a standard method of research in #thyroidology, as shown by more than 100 citations of one of our defining papers. 🧪🩺 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27375554/ doi.org/10.3389/fend...

(A, B) Reliability of SPINA-derived parameters is higher than that of measured hormone concentrations. Shown are results of Monte Carlo evaluation of SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD based on simulated imprecise hormone assays. Hormone concentrations were modeled in SimThyr 4.0 with different pre-defined values for GT and GD, respectively. Subsequently, absolute hormone levels were converted to measurements by means of an S script that injected additive and multiplicative noise in order to get vendor-reported concentration-dependent coefficients of variation (CV). The lines show the mean SD of hormone concentrations predicted by structure parameters calculated from simulated noisy measurements. CVs as markers for measurement reliability of SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD are below 10% in all cases, although CVs of corresponding hormone assays exceed 20% in low concentrations.

(C) SPINA-GT is sensitive for thyroid disorders of primary origin and specific with respect to secondary dysfunction. The plots show the distribution of hormone concentrations in certain primary and secondary thyroid conditions compared to normal percentiles of SPINA-GT. The green crossing rectangles define univariate reference ranges for TSH and FT4, respectively. The purple lines represent FT4 concentrations at the 2 and 97% percentiles of SPINA-GT.

(D) SPINA-GD is an estimate for deiodination. Shown is the correlation between SPINA-GD and conversion rate in slow tissue pools.

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 08/12/2024

Digitale Zwillinge in der Endokrinologie: Der Weg zu einer prädiktiven und personalisierten Medizin. 🧪🩺 blog.endokrinologie.net/digitale-zwi...

The digital twin framework nach Serani Rad et al. 2024 [PMID 38672986]. Aus Daten die von einer/einem echten Patientin/Patienten gewonnen werden (links) wird eine virtuelle Repräsentation (digitaler Zwilling, mitte) erstellt, aus der dann sinnvolle Schlussfolgerungen für eine personalisierte Therapie (rechts) gezogen werden können.

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🌸 Dr. med. Susanne Ruff-Dietrich @medruff.eurosky.social · 11/04/2024

Gratulation an @drjwdietrich.bsky.social für den Heinz-von-Foerster Preis für Organisationskybernetik!

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 11/04/2024

Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für #Kybernetik, Informations- und #Systemtheorie hat Peter K. Fleissner und mir den Heinz von Foerster-Preis verliehen. Ich danke meinen Lehrer:innen und Kooperationspartner:innen, die meine Arbeit im Laufe der letzten 30 Jahre möglich gemacht haben.

Urkunde über den Heinz von Foerster-Preis der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kybernetik, Informations- und Systemtheorie e. V. an Johannes W. Dietrich

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Johannes W. Dietrich @drjwdietrich.bsky.social · 04/04/2024

🩺🧪 Sadly, John Midgley, a pioneer in #thyroid diagnostics and co-author of multiple papers by our group, passed away. Read Rudolf Hoermann's obituary at The Guardian: www.theguardian.com/society/2024...

theguardian.com

John Midgley obituary

Other lives: Biochemist whose research contributed greatly to the understanding of various thyroid conditions

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