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Paulina Vega MD

@paulinavegamd.bsky.social
722 followers 284 following 50 posts

TxID doctor I prefer m-o-u-l-d 🍄‍🟫🍄 Views are my own 🇲🇽 🇺🇸

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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 12/09/2026
🆕 @idsainfo.bsky.social @escmid.bsky.social guidance for Staph aureus bacteremia IDSA/ESCMID 2026 Consensus Statements on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Risk Stratification, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management of Adults and Children www.idsociety.org/practice-gui... #idsky
Framework for risk stratification and diagnostic evaluation of SAB in adults
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
Less is more, ortho-ID edition Another game changer in ortho ID from the group that brought you OVIVA Pts with ortho infections who underwent curative surgery (no DAIR) with local implantation of abx were randomized to <=7d vs >=4w ABx No Dif in 12 mo relapse www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.... #IDSky
Forest plot with primary analysis results which shows no difference in definite treatment failure, definite/probable treatment failure, or definite/probable/possible treatment failure according to treatment durationForest plot showing subgroup analysis which shows no difference between shorter and longer duration antibiotics in any of the subgroups including prosthetic infection, Staph aureus mono infection, and whether local gentamicin was used in mono therapy or combination therapy
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
UW Infectious Disease Fellowship Program @uwidfellowship.bsky.social · 26/07/2026
A slightly belated #Photodump from our graduation this June! We are so proud of this graduating class and excited for the bright futures ahead of this fantastic group of ID docs ✨
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
As I culminate my training in infectious diseases, I’m filled with gratitude. Learned from many remarkable people. A special shout-out to my mentor Steve, who believed in me from day 1. Thank you for your unwavering support. The lessons you’ve taught me will continue to guide me for years to come.
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 17/05/2026
🤩
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 01/04/2026
Such a nice read. Treating NTM disease is not easy!
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 25/03/2026
Poster presentation at #EBMT2026 @theebmt.bsky.social #IDFellow #aspergillosis #Madrid
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 23/03/2026
Hola Madrid! #EBMT2026
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
UW Infectious Disease Fellowship Program @uwidfellowship.bsky.social · 14/03/2026
More great work from our ID fellows, this time from F3 Alexa Giovanatti reviewing TB vaccine acceptability! Addressing vaccine hesitance has never been more important, especially with new TB vaccines on the horizon and World TB day coming up 3/24/26! www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... #IDSky
sciencedirect.com
Anticipating tuberculosis vaccine acceptability in Kenya and South Africa: a narrative review of behavioral and social drivers and strategies to optimize acceptability
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, yet the only vaccine currently available is the pediatric BCG, which has po…
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 05/03/2026
Contribution of fungal diseases to the U.S. chronic disease burden From the CDC Mycotic Diseases Branch journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/... #IDSky #MedMycoSky
Pathogen Factors Promoting Fungal Infection
Infectious Dose
- High initial inoculum exceeds immune clearance
Immune Evasion
Eg:
• B-glucan masking (C albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum)
• Capsule formation
(Cryptococcus neoformans)
• Melanin production (dematiaceous fungi)
• Biofilm production (Candida spp., A fumigatus)
Tissue Tropism
Examples:
• Aspergillus fumigatus for lung parenchyma
• C neoformans/
C. gattii for CNS tissues (meninges)
• Basidiobolus ranarum for bowel wall
• Trichophyton spp. strict tropism for keratinized tissues
• Aspergillus and Candida spp. for external auditory canal
Host Factors
Enabling Fungal Persistence
Immunosuppression or Innate Immune
Deficits Examples:
• CARD9 deficiency
• Diabetes mellitus
• Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia
• Hematologic malignancies
• HIV/AIDS
Conditions and Comorbidities (Non-immunosuppressive)
Examples:
• Chronic lung diseases (e.g. prior pulmonary TB, COPD))
• Eczema/atopic dermatitis
• Heightened estrogen
• IVDU
• Previous surgeries
• Smoking
• Wounds or burns
Clinical Factors
Delaying Disease Resolution
Antibiotic and/or Steroid Use/Misuse
Eg:
• Bacterial pneumonia abx for coccidioidomycosis or histoplasmosis
• Topical steroid misuse for ringworm
Delayed Diagnosis or Misdiagnosis
Delayed diagnosis due to:
• Non-specific or overlapping clinical presentation
• Empiric treatment
• Limited access to diagnostics
• Long test turnaround times
• Lack of provider awareness
Misdiagnosis
Immunosuppressive Regimens 
Eg:
• Chemotherapy
• Organ transplantation
Steroids
Chronic Disease States
Affecting Body Systems
Respiratory
• Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
• Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
• Chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis
Neurologic
• Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
• Phaeohyphomycosis
• Coccidioidal meningitis
Cardiac
• endocarditis
GI
•  histoplasmosis
•  basidiobolomycosis
Sensory
•  keratitis
•  otitis
Mucosa, Skin & Bone
• T indotineae
• Recurrent vvc 
• Chromoblastomycosis
• Eumycetoma
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 12/03/2026
Antifungal susceptibility testing across fungi: why MICs vary, methods diverge, and what MIC can miss Cornelia Lass-Flörl and colleagues Open access in @cmijournal.bsky.social www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.org/article/S119... #IDSky #MedMycoSky
clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.org
Antifungal susceptibility testing across fungi: why MICs vary, methods diverge, and what MIC can miss
Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) is central to antifungal stewardship; however, MIC results can be variable and may require careful interpretation because endpoints can be ambiguous, clinical ...
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
UW Infectious Disease Fellowship Program @uwidfellowship.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
Another one of our outstanding fellows, Dr Paulina Vega, F3! #IDSky A retrospective review of invasive fusariosis with a cool graphical abstract.
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Steven Pergam, MD, MPH @pergamic.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
Great work by @uwidfellowship.bsky.social fellow extraordinaire @paulinavegamd.bsky.social Fusariosis remains an important pathogen in hematologic malignancy patients in the azole prophylaxis era. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Fusariosis in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies in the Era of Antifungal Prophylaxis
This retrospective review of invasive fusariosis cases in patients with hematologic malignancies highlights the high mortality of this infection despite the use of antifungal prophylaxis. Treatment r...
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Julio C. Zuniga-Moya @julioczuniga1.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41796963/
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
How to safely discontinue antifungal treatment in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis? - Clinical considerations in haematology - PubMed
Stopping antifungal therapy for IPA should be a standardized and patient-specific decision supported by predefined monitoring and rapid response pathways within standardized institutional procedures. Prospective trials comparing cessation strategies are needed to increase knowledge on optimal durati …
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 09/03/2026
It’s here!!! Fusariosis in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies in the Era of Antifungal Prophylaxis - Vega - Transplant Infectious Disease - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Fusariosis in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies in the Era of Antifungal Prophylaxis
This retrospective review of invasive fusariosis cases in patients with hematologic malignancies highlights the high mortality of this infection despite the use of antifungal prophylaxis. Treatment r...
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 07/03/2026
3/3. One half-marathon per year of ID fellowship completed. Seattle, Vancouver, Lake Sammamish. ✅✅✅
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
Invasive Fungal Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: New Risk Factors and New Therapeutic Options in a Changing World @abbydouglas.bsky.social & Monica Slavin doi.org/10.1111/tid.... #TxID #IDSky #MedMycoSky
Emerging risk factors for IFI in HCT. Climate change, older/comorbid recipients, antifungal prophylaxis, changes in GVHD prophylaxis and treatment, longer survivorship, agricultural use of antifungals
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 08/06/2025
Candida Endocarditis: current perspectives on diagnosis and therapy Ben-Ami Ronen, Bassetti Matteo, Bouza Emilio, Kosman Alex, Vena Antonio on behalf of @efisg-escmid.bsky.social www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S119... #MedMycoSky #IDSky
clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com
Candida Endocarditis: current perspectives on diagnosis and therapy
Candida infective endocarditis (CIE) is a rare but potentially devastating condition. Although it accounts for only 1-1.5% of infective endocarditis cases, CIE carries a high mortality rate (36-49%) a...
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 13/02/2026
Mucormycosis Review in @nejm.org by Dimitrios Kontoyiannis and Tom Walsh www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/... #IDSky #TxID #MedMycoSky @msgerc.bsky.social
Pathogenesis of Mucormycosis, Host Defenses, and Potential Future Therapeutic Targets.
Mucorales sporangiospores released into the air from sporangia are inhaled, and the sporangiospore coat protein CotH3 binds to GRP78 on the pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells of the upper resp tract, where the sporangiospores may germinate into hyphae to invade nasal airways and sinuses (Panel A). Sporangiospores, by means of another coat adhesin (CotH7), also bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and integrin α3β1 receptor on pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells of the lower respiratory tract, which triggers a downstream transcriptional response involving cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8), chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Hyphal invasion also triggers production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and release of proinflammatory cytokines. In wound-related mucormycosis, traumatic inoculation of fungal elements (found on the surfaces of rocks, wood, glass, and metal) into damaged tissue allows for the development of infection in a host with immune paralysis due to trauma. The release of endogenous host-derived molecules known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) reduces phagocytosis, impairs chemotaxis, and induces immune paralysis. Mucoricin released by the invading hyphae induces death of immune and endothelial cells, which results in tissue necrosis and accelerates endovascular thrombosis, ischemia, and infarction (Panel B). PMNs and monocytes recognize early germinated sporangiospores by pattern recognition receptors (e.g., TLR2) that detect mucorales-associated molecular patterns (e.g., 1,3-βD-glucans exposed on hyphal structures). Intrinsic host colony-stimulating factors such as granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IFN-γ further contribute to augmentation of innate host defenses against the invading hyphae, which in turn dampen immune responses. Factors in the tissue …Risk factors for Mucormycosis Risk factors for mucormycosis continued
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Joseph Marcus @josephmarcusid.medsky.social · 24/02/2026
A 🕵️ was in this case investigation: While performing investigation of water system in pt w/ Legionella, infection control found an unregistered water flosser. They ran sterile water through flosser and Legionella grew + matched infection strain wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/... #IDSky
wwwnc.cdc.gov
Case of <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> Serogroup 1 Infection Linked to Water Flosser, France
<em>L. pneumophila</em> Infection Linked to Water Flosser
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Contagion® @contagionlive.bsky.social · 13/01/2026
Invasive fungal diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing transplant, with shifting epidemiology, emerging resistance, and geographic variation underscoring the urgent need for improved surveillance, prevention strategies, and antifungal stewardship.
contagionlive.com
Invasive Fungal Disease in Transplantation: Prevention in a Shifting Landscape | Contagion Live
Invasive fungal diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing transplant, with shifting epidemiology, emerging resistance, and geographic variation underscoring the u...
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 26/01/2026
From a dear friend and colleague Dr Emily Rosen. Amazing work!
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Clinical Infectious Diseases @cidjournal.bsky.social · 22/01/2026
Current Epidemiology and Infection Characteristics of Non-Aspergillus Mold Infections: A Multicenter Study in Australia and New Zealand ✅ Just Accepted 🔗 bit.ly/4bLllbS
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Clinical Infectious Diseases @cidjournal.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
Valley Fever in Central California: Diagnosis is Not the Finish Line, the Real Gap is Longitudinal Care ✅ Just Accepted 🔗 bit.ly/4pWxxdk
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 21/01/2026
Emerging Frontiers in Clinical Mycology: Innovations, Insights, & Impacts Our report, led by @annaapostolopoulou.bsky.social, on the cutting edge of clinical mycology & future directions, from expert discussion @ the 2024 @msgerc.bsky.social biennial meeting onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
One Health approach requires collaboration between researchers, physicians, engineers, ecologists, plant health experts, and other disciplines to tackle the spread of mycoses.Potential applications of AI in Mycology may include compound screening for antifungal drug discovery (top left), clinical trial design and execution (bottom right), fungal identification (top right), and outbreak surveillance (bottom right).
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Clinical Infectious Diseases @cidjournal.bsky.social · 26/11/2025
Aspergillosis-Attributable Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Death Certificate Data ✅ Just Accepted bit.ly/3M4ZVM8
bit.ly
Aspergillosis-Attributable Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Death Certificate Data
Using 2018–2024 U.S. death certificate data, 7,063 aspergillosis-attributable deaths (AAMR 2.43/1,000,000 persons) were identified, mostly invasive pulmona
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
The Lancet Infectious Diseases @thelancetinfdis.bsky.social · 11/11/2025
New Review British Society for Medical Mycology best practice recommendations for the diagnosis of serious fungal diseases: 2025 update www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...
thelancet.com
British Society for Medical Mycology best practice recommendations for the diagnosis of serious fungal diseases: 2025 update
The fungal diagnostic landscape is evolving; whereas previously, traditional culture-based methods dominated, most invasive fungal disease is now diagnosed with non-culture-based tests, including dire...
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Alex Sundermann, DrPH @sundermannaj.bsky.social · 06/11/2025
Aerosolizing pathogens from sink drains? New study shows it can happen & possibly cause transmission Drain biofilm bacteria found in droplets and aerosols ▶️ spread into room Possible sources of HAIs #IDSky 📄: www.ajicjournal.org/article/S019...
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 28/10/2025
Getting infected 🍄‍🟫🍄🍄‍🟫
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 21/10/2025
UW fellows at IDWeek! 😁
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 19/10/2025
I’ve made it!! #firstimer really excited to connecting with the ID community!!
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 24/09/2025
Study from Iran suggesting nosocomial transmission of A Flavus. Pretty cool.
link.springer.com
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 23/09/2025
As a person who likes to jump in the lakes after a hike, this is a fun read! @paulpottingermd.bsky.social 8 Gross Things Lurking in Swimming Holes rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/life/leisure...
rightasrain.uwmedicine.org
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UW Infectious Disease Fellowship Program @uwidfellowship.bsky.social · 20/09/2025
Don’t miss the educational opportunities at UW’s Infectious Diseases Education & Assessment (IDEA) site: - National HIV Curriculum - National STD Curriculum - National PrEP Curriculum - HCV Online - HBV Online #IDSky #MedSky idea.medicine.uw.edu
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
ASHE Journal @ashejournal.bsky.social · 20/09/2025
Antimicrobial optimization based on negative results from both BFP and respiratory culture may potentially reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure and AKI in hospitalized patients with suspected pneumonia without increasing the risk of mortality and readmission. doi.org/10.1017/ash....
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UW Infectious Disease Fellowship Program @uwidfellowship.bsky.social · 20/09/2025
Co-authored by UW’s Dr. Nina Kim and (oops) new from @cidjournal.bsky.social :) Also check out UW’s IDEA HCV “Test and Cure” curriculum… #IDSky www.hepatitisc.uw.edu
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Antibiotic Steward 🅱️C🆔🅿️🌟 @absteward.bsky.social · 25/08/2025
🆕🔥Streptococcal endocarditis: a meta-analysis of species dependant risk by 🌟s @drtoddlee.bsky.social 🌟Updated figure 🌟Infective endocarditis prevalence of streptococcal species vs. proportion of streptococcal species bacteraemia #idsky #EMIMCC www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Patrick Ching @patrickching.bsky.social · 20/08/2025
#TB #meningitis guidelines #IDSky #MedSky
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 12/08/2025
A beautiful and powerful piece by Dr Pergam @pergamic.bsky.social The smallest faith - The Lancet Infectious Diseases www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...
thelancet.com
The smallest faith
Elevators are the circulatory systems of hospitals. Like corpuscles, we are carried where we need to go. But for me, like many other patients who are immunocompromised, entering a hospital elevator is...
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 09/08/2025
Obliteride 5k! #formydad #curecancerfaster #research @obliteride.bsky.social @fredhutch.bsky.social
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Open Forum Infectious Diseases @ofidjournal.bsky.social · 08/08/2025
Lactobacillus bacteremia and endovascular infections: A retrospective study of 100 patients ✅ Just Accepted ⭐ Editor's Choice #IDSky
academic.oup.com
Lactobacillus bacteremia and endovascular infections: A retrospective study of 100 patients
Lactobacilli are gastrointestinal commensals and may represent skin contamination when isolated in blood cultures. Although uncommon, Lactobacillus bloodstream infections and endocarditis have been reported.
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 04/08/2025
The support for building your career pathway in infectious diseases is outstanding! DM me if you’d like to chat more :)
youtube.com
UW Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Overview
YouTube video by UW ID Fellowship
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Paulina Vega MD @paulinavegamd.bsky.social · 04/08/2025
Woah!
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Julio C. Zuniga-Moya @julioczuniga1.bsky.social · 04/08/2025
www.journalofinfection.com/article/S016... 🚨🚨🍄🍄 new research from Washington University Mycoses Group (WUMG) reveals that Invasive aspergillosis & mucormycosis show broad geographic distribution across the U.S. Regions with higher incidence report lower associated mortality. @fungaldoc.bsky.social
journalofinfection.com
Geographic distribution and associated mortality of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis among Medicare enrollees in the United States (2008-2015)
Invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis are widely distributed in the United States, with certain regions experiencing significantly higher incidences. For invasive aspergillosis, each increase of 5 c...
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 22/07/2025
Accuracy of plasma cell-free DNA PCR for non-invasive diagnosis of mucormycosis @jordan1990.bsky.social and colleagues at Stanford journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/...
journals.asm.org
Accuracy of plasma cell-free DNA PCR for non-invasive diagnosis of mucormycosis | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Mucormycosis is an invasive mold infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and effective antifungal treatment are critical for improving clinical outcomes. However, diagn...
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
ASM @asm.org · 09/07/2025
Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic Antibiotics. This controversial topic has important conceptual ramifications to treat severe infections. youtu.be/3z4BItBrzbk
youtu.be
Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic Antibiotics - Editors in Conversation Podcast, Live from ASM Microbe
YouTube video by American Society for Microbiology
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ID:IOTS Podcast @idiots-pod.bsky.social · 26/01/2025
ONE ANTIBIOTIC PK TABLE TO RULE THEM ALL Absorption takes drug into blood from GI, Vd spreads drug out to where bug calls home. And after bacteria are doomed to die, The drug’s eliminated on the porcelain throne In the Land of Notion where this table doth lie… #idSky #microsky #pharmsky #medsky
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
ASHE Journal @ashejournal.bsky.social · 31/07/2025
Penicillin Allergy Clearance via Direct Oral Provocation Testing (DOPT): A Systematic Review doi.org/10.1017/ash....
doi.org
Clearance of penicillin allergies via direct oral provocation testing (DOPT): a systematic review | Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology | Cambridge Core
Clearance of penicillin allergies via direct oral provocation testing (DOPT): a systematic review - Volume 5 Issue 1
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
Ilan Schwartz @germhuntermd.bsky.social · 31/07/2025
Weekly Screening of Circulating Mucorales DNA and early treatment in Severely Burned Patients Improves Survival: Real-Life Bi-center Experience in France Emmanuale Faure... Alexandre Alanio and @sarah-delliere.bsky.social  #IDSky #MedMycoSky #IDDx academic.oup.com/cid/advance-...
academic.oup.com
Weekly Screening of Circulating Mucorales DNA and early treatment in Severely Burned Patients Improves Survival: Real-Life Bi-center Experience in France
Early serum Mucorales DNA detection in severely burned patients enables faster diagnosis of invasive wound mucormycosis, reducing 100-day mortality, partic
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Reposted by Paulina Vega MD
UW Infectious Disease Fellowship Program @uwidfellowship.bsky.social · 24/07/2025
Interested in ID Fellowship? aid.uw.edu/education-an... Education & Fellowships | Allergy & Infectious Diseases
>120 faculty, 138 research awards and 32 fellows
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