Sign in

John Kelly

@mashedradish.bsky.social
842 followers 787 following 1.3K posts

Middle-school English teacher. Former dictionary editor and spokesperson. I write about etymology at mashedradish.com.

PostsRepliesMedia
Reposted by John Kelly
Strong Language @stronglang.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
FTA: @mashedradish.bsky.social with more abusive language from the Bard stronglang.wordpress.com/2016/07/10/m...
stronglang.wordpress.com
“More man? Plague, plague!”: How to curse like a misanthrope
Shakespeare’s The Life of Timon of Athens is an overlooked gem in his corpus. Though less accomplished than many of his other tragedies, this moral drama is distinctive – and timely – in its focus …
042
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 19/09/2026
Just finished Tarjei Vesaas's 'The Birds' for the first time. Damn. I need a minute to catch my breath.
000
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
Cue one of my lessons this very week, where I literally put on a slide: "We don't read for IXL and standardized tests. We read to make meaning in our lives."
140
Reposted by John Kelly
Strong Language @stronglang.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
FTA: How can Shakespeare be rude? Let @mashedradish.bsky.social count the ways stronglang.wordpress.com/2016/04/23/f...
stronglang.wordpress.com
Four hundred years later, the Bard’s “pizzle” is still nice and stiff
Four hundred years ago today, Shakespeare shuffled off this mortal coil. Across the globe, bardolators are observing the date – if not the whole month, nay, year – with various celebrations of his …
032
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 05/09/2026
“Dolly” is pet form of an Ancient Greek-derived name later repurposed for toys and film cameras. A belated etymological tribute: mashedradish.com/2026/09/04/d...
mashedradish.com
The divine gift of “Dolly”
“Dolly” is pet form of an Ancient Greek-derived name later repurposed for toys and film cameras.
010
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
It really says something about this moment when my sixth-graders, in response to a prompt on "If you could change one rule in your life...," were responding about food and gas being free because prices are so high for their families.
030
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
I teach Grade 6 English. EVERY parent/guardian I met at our recent family night was RELIEVED and HEARTENED when I told them, verbatim: "In reading class, we read. In writing class, we write. I minimize time on screens and computers. Goodness knows they get enough of that everywhere else in life."
051
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
The origin of the word STUDENT seems like something a teacher would have cooked up. mashedradish.com/2026/08/22/t...
mashedradish.com
“Teacher” and “student”: an etymological show-and-tell
Students need a “push” in more ways than one.
020
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
First day of school for the middle schoolers. During independent reading (yeah, we read books right away in my classes), not one but two—TWO—students in separate classes chose the big, beautiful American Heritage Dictionary in my classroom library's reference section. Gonna be a good year.
130
Reposted by John Kelly
Strong Language @stronglang.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
FTA: @mashedradish.bsky.social find a connection between bunnies and pussies stronglang.wordpress.com/2016/03/26/g...
stronglang.wordpress.com
Going down the coney hole
Easter: It’s a fuckable feast. For its Christian observers, of course, Easter marks the salvific resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. A cornerstone of the faith, the holiday teems with symbo…
001
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 03/08/2026
I wrote about the diarrhea. OK, I wrote about lettuce, which means I wrote about how the word is literally "milk." mashedradish.com/2026/08/03/l...
mashedradish.com
The word “lettuce” is made of “milk”
The etymology of “lettuce” takes us from tiny seeds to the entire galaxy.
042
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 01/08/2026
"AI gooning"
020
Reposted by John Kelly
Lynne Murphy @lynneguist.bsky.social · 01/08/2026
Accidentally deleted my newsletter announcement post—once more with feeling, thanks @byagoda.bsky.social @ebrenner.bsky.social @michaelerard.bsky.social @mashedradish.bsky.social @wordorigins.bsky.social Nick Cave and Fernando Pessoa! lynneguist.substack.com/p/soccer-it-...
lynneguist.substack.com
Soc(cer) it to me!
This time: football/soccer, the US's 250th, lotsa links, and Nick Cave distraction
3136
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 27/07/2026
"... a lot of just want to see the Cyclops already!" Me, riffing in a fun interview with CNN about the origin and evolution of the word 'odyssey.' www.cnn.com/2026/07/23/e...
cnn.com
What makes a journey an ‘odyssey’ anyway? | CNN
The word “odyssey” today often evokes a long, spirited adventure that doesn’t reflect the misery Odysseus endured in Homer’s epic poem.
051
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 22/07/2026
Today in staring at words too closely like their the sun: KEEP. What even are you, KEEP? I shield my eyes.
010
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 20/07/2026
Mythic origin of ODYSSEUS given in Odyssey is HATED (BY GODS & MEN). Folk etymology, though heavy with valences. Actual origin? Obscure. Could be Pre-Greek *OD/LUKYEU-, probably referring to some Bronze Age dude who did a thing, hero worship ballooning from there. mashedradish.com/2026/07/18/o...
mashedradish.com
The etymological odyssey of “Odysseus”
Tell me, O Muse, of the origin of the name of the man of many devices. And why Latin calls him “Ulysses,” if you don’t mind.
061
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 18/07/2026
Well, this turned out to be an adventure. mashedradish.com/2026/07/18/o...
mashedradish.com
The etymological odyssey of “Odysseus”
Tell me, O Muse, of the origin of the name of the man of many devices. And why Latin calls him “Ulysses,” if you don’t mind.
020
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 06/07/2026
RESCIND < Latin RESCINDERE, meaning TEAR OFF and by extension REPEAL. Its past participle is RESCISSUS. That form ultimately sets up the English RESCISSION. Oh, the -SCIND-/-SCISS- (TO CUT, SPLIT) part of this all is ultimately related to the English SHIT. You can put the rest together.
020
Reposted by John Kelly
John Warner @biblioracle.bsky.social · 04/07/2026
Not sure what this says about me, but the more I explore the capacities of generative AI the less it interests me. I'm not denying its potential power, just that how it does what it does is not nearly as interesting as the thoughts and expressions of some other, any other, human being.
511519
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 04/07/2026
America celebrated a SESQUICENTENNIAL (150 years) in 1926. It was a world's fair in Philadelphia—and it was also a bust, though nowhere nearly as bad as whatever is (or isn't) happening on the National Mall. philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/sesqu...
philadelphiaencyclopedia.org
Sesquicentennial International Exposition (1926) - Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia
In 1926, Philadelphia hosted the Sesquicentennial, a world’s fair, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
011
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 04/07/2026
I mean, we could have gone with DUCENTIQUINQUAGINTENNIAL... mashedradish.com/2026/07/04/s...
mashedradish.com
Semiquincentennial: the origins of an America-sized word
This big word for a big milestone is made up of lots of little Latin roots.
141
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 03/07/2026
Everyone now and again, apropos of literally nothing, I like to remember that the word "crisp" comes from the Latin for "curled." How 'bout that?
020
Reposted by John Kelly
Irish Literary Times @irishlittimes.bsky.social · 30/06/2026
There were more people at Bloomsday that actually read Ulysses.
1366
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 24/06/2026
It was great talking to CNN's Harmeet Kaur on why we call a DRAW, as in TIE, a DRAW: www.cnn.com/2026/06/24/s...
cnn.com
Why does a ‘draw’ sometimes feel like a win? | CNN
Some of the most thrilling matches in this World Cup have resulted in a 0-0 score. Thanks, Cape Verde!
120
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 24/06/2026
Very interesting: - OED first attests DREADLOCKS in 1960 - DREAD + LOCKS (of hair) - DREAD part may refer to Rastafarians' DREAD (fear, awe) of God (Jah) Also: - DREAD is from Old English ONDRÆDAN, "to advise against" - O/AND- (against) + RÆDAN (advise), source of READ (!!!)
030
Reposted by John Kelly
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 21/06/2026
Not a ton to say about the etymology of ALGAE as such. From the Latin ALGA, "seaweed," whose deeper roots are obscure. The plural of ALGA in Latin is ALGAE. Borrowed in early 1500s, used in singular early until, as now, the plural form took over.
031
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 22/06/2026
This prompted me to look up its etymology. Neat! USHER comes from French "doorkeeper" (cf. huissier), ultimately from Latin OSTIUM (door), related to OS (mouth).
131
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 21/06/2026
What are other examples of English words that feature a change in consonant pronunciation between singular forms, as with singular ALGA's 'hard g' and the plural ALGAE's 'soft g'? (Original Latin is a hard g. Suspect 'soft g' form prevails due to English phonological conditions, biases?)
210
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 21/06/2026
Not a ton to say about the etymology of ALGAE as such. From the Latin ALGA, "seaweed," whose deeper roots are obscure. The plural of ALGA in Latin is ALGAE. Borrowed in early 1500s, used in singular early until, as now, the plural form took over.
031
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 21/06/2026
English FATHER and Latin PATER? Related? You better believe they are. And something known as Grimm's Law explains how. And why not read about it in the context of ... the etymology of FOOTBALL? mashedradish.com/2026/06/20/f...
mashedradish.com
“Football”: a simple word with striking roots
Cock-threshing. Shrovetide. Hocktide. I-mutations. Grimm’s Law. Octopodes. Pajamas. Private schools, private parts, and the resistance thereof. The origin of “football” has it all…
030
Reposted by John Kelly
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 20/06/2026
Cock-threshing. Shrovetide. Hocktide. I-mutations. Grimm’s Law. Octopodes. Pajamas. Private schools. Private parts—and resistance thereof. The origin of FOOTBALL has it all. I go medieval on it. Like this lil guy on an animal bladder, once used to play the game. mashedradish.com/2026/06/20/f...
Detail of a person inflating an animal bladder in Bruegel's 1560 painting, "Children's Games."
042
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 20/06/2026
Cock-threshing. Shrovetide. Hocktide. I-mutations. Grimm’s Law. Octopodes. Pajamas. Private schools. Private parts—and resistance thereof. The origin of FOOTBALL has it all. I go medieval on it. Like this lil guy on an animal bladder, once used to play the game. mashedradish.com/2026/06/20/f...
Detail of a person inflating an animal bladder in Bruegel's 1560 painting, "Children's Games."
042
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 18/06/2026
Very interesting to me that DISLIKE, with its Latin-derived prefix, effectively supplanted the native MISLIKE. DISLIKE is recorded in the late 1500s. MISLIKE goes back to Old English (MISLICIAN). MIS- here is a Germanic prefix (bad, lack), not Greek-based one for "hate." LICIAN = to be pleasing.
100
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 18/06/2026
Etymology in the news: MEMORANDUM (1/) Literally “to be remembered” in Latin. Formed from MEMORĀRE (to mention, bring up, name) as a so-called gerundive. - Gerundive = verbal adjective (derived from verb, functions as adjective) - Gerund = verbal noun (derived from verb, functions as noun)
132
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 17/06/2026
He added it would be feminine, too, so takes the article 'die.' DIE UNAUFMERSAMKEITSTORERZIELUNG ‼️
031
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 17/06/2026
Asked my pal and German professor what the "German word" would be for "someone scores every time I look away or leave the room real quick." Without missing a beat he replied: UNAUFMERSAMKEITSTORERZIELUNG Unaufmersamkeit = inattentiveness Tor = goal Erzielung = scoring
0115
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 17/06/2026
FOOTBALL COCK-THRASHING HOCKTIDE The OED's first cite for FOOTBALL (1409) has it all! 👇
000
Reposted by John Kelly
Jeff Sharlet @jeffsharlet.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
At the end of the term I asked my college creative wriing students to submit anonymous thoughts on AI. No real surprises: Mood ranges from resignation to despair, capitulation from embittered erosion of standards to total, feelings of betrayal from deep to furious. 1/
7455261988
Reposted by John Kelly
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
The first handful of citations for FOOTBALL from the OED alone are fascinating. And brutal. The game was seen as violent and base—and therefore was often banned. Plus, the earliest known cite, from 1409, mentions FOOTBALL (‘foteballe’) alongside ... COCK-THRASHING (‘cokthresshyng’)!
A screenshot of the first four citations for the word "football" in the Oxford English Dictionary.
174
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
FOOTBALL is one of the words, etymologically speaking, I haven’t really looked up. It’s a simple compound of FOOT and BALL. Of course, there’s plenty to note on the cognates and historical forms of those constituent words. But not a ton else to say, right?
131
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 13/06/2026
SCAFFOLD and CATAFALQUE (stand or frame for a coffin) have the same origin. Just sayin'.
194
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
TIL the I in BIH is 'i,' meaning "and" in Serbo-Croatian languages. So, Bosna i Hercegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina): BIH. That Slavic 'i' is reconstructed in a little Proto-Indo-European pronoun that evolved into a variety of function words.
070
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
Similarly, I only occasionally ever do the NYT Spelling Bee. When I do, only at the bottom of the Morning newsletter, I just like to solve the pangram and bail. I used to run a dictionary. You'd think I'd love word games more. I really just like sick words.
150
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
Also apt? SPURN is related to SPUR. My latest blog post was brought to you by a killer (and timely) pun from Shakespeare's 'Comedy of Errors': Am I so round with you as you with me, That like a football you do spurn me thus?
022
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
The earliest known record of KICK is from ~1380 in a phrase used by John Wycliffe: "to kick against the spur." You might know that idiom today as TO KICK AGAINST THE PRICKS. Feels apt for the NBA Finals. 😏 But wait: 'KICK' IS ONLY FIRST RECORDED IN 1380?! mashedradish.com/2026/06/12/s...
mashedradish.com
Dragged “kicking” and “spurring”—and “spurning”
There is a lot of interesting etymology afoot thanks to sports in summer 2026. Plus, the word “kick” is younger than you think.
011
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
This. I mainly just like to form sick words when I play Scrabble.
250
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 11/06/2026
And what's crazier to me is that at the end of the end of the day, the team name is satirical Dutch guy! mashedradish.com/2026/05/30/k...
mashedradish.com
Why are they called the New York “Knicks”?
When it comes to the etymology of the name “Knicks,” Washington Irving is the MVP. But the real MVP? The Dutch.
0105
Reposted by John Kelly
Andy Hollandbeck @logophilius.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
The hand-drawn illustrations add a wonderful, personal touch, too.
151
John Kelly @mashedradish.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
I write a blog on etymology, have been for 13 years. I usually draw my topics from news. No Substack. No video. No monetization. Strictly no AI. I pay to keep it ad-free. Visit? Get the content—no hoops. You can subscribe, but I'm not in your face about it. Just a guy doin' a thing: mashedradish.com
0269