Myocarditis, an inflammatory heart disease, often progresses silently, making its true incidence hard to gauge. This Review consolidates recent insights into viral myocarditis, focusing on the role of...

This study shows that mitochondrial vulnerability increases the risk of myocarditis after mRNA vaccination by promoting inflammatory cell death in cardiomyocytes, identifying a potential mechanism und...

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Author summary Pigs were domesticated about 9000 years ago, but infectious diseases still represent the biggest constraint on modern pig production. Traditional breeding has improved growth and lean m...

Antiviral innate immune response represents a critical line of defense against viral infections, encompassing sensing and responding to viruses (1,2). Centra...

Innate immunity is the cellular host's frontline defense against viral infections. It employs pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect viral nucleo...

Macrophages are frontier soldiers of innate immunity. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), originally identified by the expression of the macrophage marker F4/...

Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of stomach and intestines and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many viruses, especially RNA viruses are the most common cause of ente...

The editorial team welcomes you to the specific Research Topic on "Sensing DNA in Antiviral Innate Immunity". We appreciate the hard work and outst...

Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated that STAT5 is critical for expression of granulysin and antimicrobial activity. Because the signaling pathway

Abstract. The innate immunity is critically important in protection against virus infections, and in the case of RNA viral infections, the signaling mechan

ABSTRACT Several arenavirus pathogens, such as Lassa and Junin viruses, inhibit macrophage activation, the molecular mechanism of which is unclear. We show that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM...

ABSTRACT Arenavirus pathogens cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans ranging from central nervous system disease to lethal hemorrhagic fevers with few treatment options. The reason why some arenaviruses can cause severe human diseases while others ...

ABSTRACT Host cells activate innate immune signaling pathways to defend against invading pathogens. To survive within an infected host, viruses have evolved intricate strategies to counteract host immune responses. Herpesviruses, including herpes simplex ...

ABSTRACT The interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response is a major defense of the host immune system. In order to complete their life cycle, viruses must modulate host IFN-mediated immune responses....

In this study, we presented the construction of a library of expression clones for the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) proteome and subcellular localization map of HSV-1 proteins in living cells u...

ABSTRACT It has been reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 UL3, UL4, and UL20.5 proteins are localized to small, dense nuclear bodies together with ICP22 in infected cells. In the present study, w...

The herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) US11 protein is an RNA-binding multifunctional regulator that specifically and stably associates with nucleoli…

This report describes the identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope at the C-terminus of the membrane (M) protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). A monoclonal antibody (MAb) (designa...

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), caused by herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) ocular infection, is a leading cause of visual morbidity worldwide, and althoug...

The interplay between host innate immunity and pathogen evasion is a dynamic battle shaping infection outcomes. The Topical Collection “Regulation of Antiviral and Antimicrobial Innate Immunity and Im...

Ovarian cancer ranks as the seventh most common malignancy and the eighth leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in poor ...

Tissue repair programs must function alongside antiviral immunity to restore the lung epithelial barrier following infection. We found that macrophage-derived oncostatin M (OSM) counteracted the patho...

Background Infections by viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 could cause organ inflammations such as myocarditis, pneumonia and encephalitis. Innate immunity to viral nuc...

image image The tyrosine kinase receptor EphA2 functions as a negative regulator of inflammasome activation upon reovirus infection by targeting NLRP3 in airway epithelia. EphA2 also suppresses infla...

Infections by enteric virus and intestinal inflammation are recognized as a leading cause of deadly gastroenteritis, and NLRP6 and NLRP9b signaling co…

Xing et al. show that DHX15 functions as an RNA virus sensor to produce IFN-β, IFN-λ3, and IL-18 in IECs and is required to control RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation in vivo. They further demonstrate that DHX15 interacts with NLRP6 to trigger NLRP6 inflammasome activation for IL-18 secretion in IECs.

Nature Communications - Semaphorin-4A is a cell surface protein with known functions in neural development and immune regulation, but the mechanism for immune modulation is unclear. Here the...

Nature Communications - Proteins of the TRIM family have regulatory functions in immune signaling, often via ubiquitination of target proteins. Here, the authors show that TRIM29 is induced upon...

Nature Communications - Innate immune cells play critical roles patrolling for and detecting viral infection by expression of a range of nucleic acid sensors. Here the authors implicate PARP9 in...

Nature Communications - Knowledge of pathogenesis mechanisms and effective treatments for viral myocarditis is lacking. Here, Wang et al show that loss of TRIM29 and PERK inhibitor mitigate viral...

Nature Immunology - Alveolar macrophages help maintain lung-tissue homeostasis despite constant microbial exposure. Zhang and colleagues show that the E3 ligase TRIM29 suppresses excessive...