Extending their previous findings of brain changes in a first pregnancy, the authors show that a second pregnancy uniquely alters women’s brains, involving both a further fine-tuning of first-pregnancy effects and distinct changes in other networks.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to evaluate disease-related brain changes in patients with aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 23 July 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01115-5Approximately half of the people currently with multiple sclerosis (MS) are ≥50 years of age, yet guidelines for management of MS in older age are lacking. This Consensus statement presents the outcomes of an International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials (IACCT) in MS workshop on ageing and MS, including recommendations for advancing research, care and awareness.

The hippocampus and insula communicate when processing emotional memories. Discrete sites in the human insular cortex showed changes that predicted later memory recall, while others responded to emoti...

In this Analysis, Liu et al. benchmark more than 200 pairwise statistics for functional brain connectivity in tasks such as hub mapping, distance relationships, structure–function coupling and behavio...

Scientific Data - The Transdiagnostic Connectome Project: an open dataset for studying brain-behavior relationships in psychiatry

Thalamic atrophy already occurs in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and continues progressively throughout the disease. Demyelination is one of the main pathological hallmarks of MS and yet...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 22 May 2025; doi:10.1038/s41582-025-01094-7In this Review, Taddei and Duff consider the concepts of synapse vulnerability and resilience, and how an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these states could identify novel strategies to mitigate the cognitive dysfunction associated with dementias.

This Review provides an overview of the history of resting-state functional MRI research, which has helped to reveal the spatiotemporal organization of the brain, and discusses how it can contribute f...

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative...

Objective: To explore whether the inflammatory activity is higher in white matter (WM) tracts disrupted by paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) and if inflammation in PRL-disrupted WM tracts is associated ...