Schon seit dem Krieg zwischen dem antiken Athen und Sparta sollen Wirtschaftssanktionen Staaten zum Einlenken bewegen. Mittlerweile haben sich verschiedene Formen ausdifferenziert – mit unterschiedli...

The downing of a Russian SU-24 fighter jet by Turkish forces in November 2015 led to a swift embargo by Russia on Turkish goods and services, and provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of trade sanctions on firms. This column analyses the impact of the embargo using detailed administrative data covering all Turkish exporters. The results show a near-complete stop of sanctioned exports to Russia, significant shifts to other markets, and lasting effects on firms’ domestic sales, supply chains, and employment. The findings highlight how firms adapt to trade shocks and provides useful lessons for policymakers designing sanctions.

A troubling series of breaches of U.S. firms and agencies could intensify friction between Washington and Beijing as Donald Trump takes office

There is an inconvenient truth about the next U.S.