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Bryan Lammon

@finaldecisions.org
1K followers 461 following 205 posts

Lawyer & law professor focused on appellate jurisdiction. Founder of Final Decisions PLLC (finaldecisions.org).

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Reposted by Bryan Lammon
nicolebporter.bsky.social @nicolebporter.bsky.social · 06/02/2026
A little Q&A I did for the ABA Commission on Disability Rights regarding my latest empirical work on how courts are interpreting the definition of disability under the ADA. www.americanbar.org/groups/diver...
americanbar.org
Defining Disability Under the ADA: An Interview Exploring Federal Court Trends
The ABA Commission on Disability Rights interviewed Nicole Porter, Rita Anne Rollins Professor of Law at William & Mary Law School, about her article, “Troubling Trends: ADA Definition of Disability C...
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 08/12/2025
November's roundup features ineffective attempts at voluntarily dismissing discrete claims, which have me wondering whether courts are really dealing with discrete theories. Plus the appeal clock for granted post-judgment motions and more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: November 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Ineffective attempts to voluntarily dismiss claims (or theories?), the appeal clock for successful post-judgment motions, appellate standing for privilege appeals, and more.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 08/12/2025
This 11th Cir. decision—that a written, pretrial notice of intent not to pursue a theory was insufficient to resolve a "claim"—has me wondering: how often are courts addressing discrete claims rather than discrete theories of relief? #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/no-finality-...
finaldecisions.org
No Finality by Abandoning Claims Before Trial - Final Decisions PLLC
The Eleventh Circuit held that a defendant could not abandon a counterclaim before trial, and the attempt to do so precluded finality.
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Reposted by Bryan Lammon
Stacey A. Tovino, JD, PhD @staceytovino.bsky.social · 01/12/2025
Congratulations to Professor Nicole Buonocore Porter @WM.edu Law School for winning the AALS Section on Law Professors with Disabilities and Allies' 2026 Chai Feldblum Award!
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 15/11/2025
W&M 3Ls Jon Gharib, Jack Kerdasha, and Raahim Zaidi did excellent work on this brief. My immense thanks to them. storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.us...
storage.courtlistener.com
#17 in Daniel Mook v. G. Hall (4th Cir., 25-1677) – CourtListener.com
BRIEF by Daniel P. Mook. Type of Brief: RESPONSE. . Do any cases pending in this court or the Supreme Court of the United States raise similar issues? NO.. [1001876934] [25-1677] Bryan Lammon [Entered...
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 15/11/2025
The William & Mary Appellate Clinic just filed the brief discussed in this @law360.bsky.social article. We argued (among other things) that qualified immunity is not a defense in FMLA actions against public officials. Link to the brief next. www.law360.com/employment/a...
law360.com
Ex-Va. City Atty Tells 4th Circ. FMLA Doesn't Immunize Officials - Law360
The Family and Medical Leave Act doesn't contemplate qualified immunity, a former Virginia city assistant attorney told the Fourth Circuit on Thursday, arguing that a municipal attorney cannot appeal ...
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 07/11/2025
This roundup features a new split on appealing denials of anti-SLAPP motions under California law. The en banc 9th Cir. overruled its caselaw allowing these appeals, but only a few days later the Fed. Cir. held that these denials are appealable. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: October 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
A new split on anti-SLAPP appeals, plus a panel's ability to expand a certificate of appealability, reviewing the remedy in qualified-immunity appeals, and more.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 16/10/2025
One week after the 9th Cir. overrules its caselaw permitting immediate appeals of anti-SLAPP denials under California law, the Fed. Cir. held that those denials are immediately appealable. No mention of the 9th Cir.'s en banc decision. #AppellateSky www.cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions-ord...
Screenshot of a judicial opinion. The relevant text reads:

We do not hold here that denials of anti-SLAPP motions to strike arising under any state's law are immediately appealable as a matter of right before this Court. Our holding today applies only, at this point, to California's anti-SLAPP statute. If we are presented with a case arising under another state's law, in determining whether we have appellate jurisdiction for a given case raising an issue regarding an anti-SLAPP motion to strike, we must evaluate the relevant state's anti-SLAPP statute at issue on appeal and evaluate how that tool has been exercised in practice to understand whether that given instance comports with the collateral-order exception to the final decision rule under Federal Circuit law.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 07/10/2025
My September 2025 appellate-jurisdiction roundup features minute orders as separate documents, contract formation issues in arbitration appeals, pendent appellate jurisdiction over standing, and more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: September 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Minute orders as separate documents, contract formation issues in arbitration appeals, pendent appellate jurisdiction over standing, and more.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 09/09/2025
Somewhat relatedly, there was also a recent decision from the Seventh Circuit on the deadline for seeking a partial judgment under Rule 54(b). finaldecisions.org/the-timeline...
finaldecisions.org
The Timeliness of a Rule 54(b) Partial Judgment - Final Decisions PLLC
The Seventh Circuit held that there was no jurisdictional time limit on seeking a Rule 54(b) partial judgment. And it questioned earlier decisions imposing a 30-day deadline (albeit a non-jurisdiction...
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 09/09/2025
A few years ago, it looked like courts were starting to re-examine whether district courts can "re-certify" orders after a party misses the deadline for seeking permission to appeal. finaldecisions.org/another-cour...
finaldecisions.org
Another Court Says No Restarting the § 1292(b) Clock - Final Decisions PLLC
The D.C. Circuit joined the Seventh Circuit in holding that “recertifying” an order for interlocutory appeal does not restart § 1292(b)’s ten-day deadline.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 09/09/2025
My August appellate-jurisdiction roundup features a new circuit split on the deadline for appealing qualified-immunity denials. There were also interesting decisions on injunction appeals and remand appeals, plus some more qualified-immunity issues. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: August 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
The appeal clock for collateral-order appeals, appeals involving preliminary injunctions, remand appeals, and more.
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Reposted by Bryan Lammon
drfine.bsky.social @drfine.bsky.social · 21/08/2025
Interesting decision yesterday from the 11th Cir underscoring circuit precedent that could (and in this case did) catch the unwary. District ct granted a motion to dismiss but w/ leave to amend and with an order that the clerk should enter a separate dismissal order if the plaintiff didn't amend. 1/
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 22/08/2025
See: finaldecisions.org/new-article-...
finaldecisions.org
New Article on Final Decisions & Final Judgments - Final Decisions PLLC
Final decisions and final judgments play distinct roles in the law of federal appellate jurisdiction. Courts should recognize as much.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 22/08/2025
I saw this decision, too, and I think it's seriously mistaken—and not in the way the panel seemed to think. This looks like a case of conflating the existence of a "final decisions" (which give appellate courts jurisdiction) with the entry of a "final judgment" (which starts the appeal clock).
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 08/08/2025
Catching up on July's appellate-jurisdiction developments, with decisions on the collateral-order doctrine, dismissals of plaintiffs via Rule 41, failures to object to magistrate judges' orders, and more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: July 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Appeals via the collateral-order doctrine, Rule 41 dismissals of plaintiffs, failures to object to magistrate judge decisions, and more.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 07/07/2025
New appellate-jurisdiction roundup featuring decisions on relating forward notices of appeal, automatic stays for remand appeals, deficient final judgments, preservation, and much more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: June 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Relating forward notices of appeal, automatic stays for remand appeals, deficient final judgments, preservation, and more.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 07/07/2025
The Fourth Circuit held that failure to object to a magistrate judge's order was a preservation issue, not a jurisdictional one. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/jurisdiction...
finaldecisions.org
Jurisdiction, Preservation & the Failure to Object to a Magistrate Judge’s Order - Final Decisions PLLC
The Fourth Circuit held that failure to object to a magistrate judge's order was a preservation issue, not a jurisdictional one.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 04/07/2025
My quick read suggests that this makes the common mistake (at 15–16) of thinking that a defense's being an immunity is sufficient for the collateral-order doctrine. But a defense still needs to be separate from the merits, which many (most? all?) defenses aren't. finaldecisions.org/immunities-t...
finaldecisions.org
Immunities & the Rest of the Collateral-Order Doctrine - Final Decisions PLLC
The Fourth Circuit suggested that a defense’s providing an immunity from litigation is enough for the collateral-order doctrine. But what about the doctrine’s other requirements, particularly separate...
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 04/07/2025
I wrote a bit about this a few weeks ago, when Judge Oldham mentioned it in a footnote that the other panel members didn't join. finaldecisions.org/questioning-...
finaldecisions.org
Questioning the Collateral-Order Doctrine & Pendent Appellate Jurisdiction - Final Decisions PLLC
A Fifth Circuit decision expressed some doubts about the collateral-order doctrine and pendent appellate jurisdiction.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 19/06/2025
The Tenth Circuit had jurisdiction to review a civil-contempt order that imposed a $1,000/day fine. Although the ultimate sanction was not yet determined, it was sufficiently specific. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/contempt-app...
finaldecisions.org
Contempt Appeals with Specific-but- Unspecified Contempt Sanctions - Final Decisions PLLC
The Tenth Circuit held that a $1,000/day fine for civil contempt was a sufficiently specific sanction for the decision to be final.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 18/06/2025
The Seventh Circuit explained both the problems of and the potential solutions to final judgments that fail to mention all claims. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/dealing-with...
finaldecisions.org
Dealing with Deficient Final Judgments - Final Decisions PLLC
The Seventh Circuit explained both the problems of and the potential solutions to final judgments that fail to mention all claims.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 18/06/2025
Short post on the Supreme Court's decision in Parrish, which held that a premature notice of appeal relates forward to the district court's reopening of the appeal period. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/parrish-rela...
finaldecisions.org
Parrish & Relating Forward Notices of Appeal - Final Decisions PLLC
The Supreme Court held that a notice of appeal filed before the appeal period is reopened relates forward to the date of reopening.
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Reposted by Bryan Lammon
Sean Marotta @smmarotta.bsky.social · 14/06/2025
I say this with no irony. I love dorky procedural issues. I often write briefs like I am slogging through molasses, but let me loose on an appellate-jurisdiction question and my fingers fly.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 12/06/2025
Invoking the longstanding federal practice of cumulative finality—which often gives effect to premature notices of appeal—the Supreme Court held in Parrish that a premature notice of appeal related forward to the reopening of the appeal period. #AppellateSky www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24p...
Screenshot of the first page of the Supreme Court's opinion in Parrish v. United States.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 08/06/2025
The Ninth Circuit held that an appeal from a remand order does not automatically stay the remand. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/ninth-circui...
finaldecisions.org
Ninth Circuit: No Automatic Stays for Remand Appeals - Final Decisions PLLC
The Ninth Circuit held that an appeal from a remand order does not automatically stay the remand.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 08/06/2025
The Fifth Circuit held that the government's failure to invoke an unconditional guilty plea waived the defendant's waiver of a suppression issue. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/waiving-or-f...
finaldecisions.org
Waiving (or Forfeiting) an Unconditional Guilty Plea - Final Decisions PLLC
The Fifth Circuit held that the government's failure to invoke an unconditional guilty plea waived the defendant's waiver of a suppression issue.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 07/06/2025
The Seventh Circuit held that it lacked jurisdiction to immediately review an order that narrowed—but not denied—the potential injunctive relief in an action. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/narrowing-v-...
finaldecisions.org
Narrowing v. Denying Permanent Injunctive Relief - Final Decisions PLLC
The Seventh Circuit held that it lacked jurisdiction to immediately review an order that narrowed the potential injunctive relief in an action.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 04/06/2025
New appellate-jurisdiction roundup, featuring effective injunction denials, appealing waiver-based remands, questioning the collateral-order doctrine and pendent appellate jurisdiction, and more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: May 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Effective injunction denials, appealing waiver-based remands, questioning the collateral-order doctrine and pendent appellate jurisdiction, and more.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 04/06/2025
A Fifth Circuit decision expressed some doubts about the collateral-order doctrine and pendent appellate jurisdiction. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/questioning-...
finaldecisions.org
Questioning the Collateral-Order Doctrine & Pendent Appellate Jurisdiction - Final Decisions PLLC
A Fifth Circuit decision expressed some doubts about the collateral-order doctrine and pendent appellate jurisdiction.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 04/06/2025
The Supreme Court will decide if defendants can immediately appeal from the denial of derivative sovereign immunity via the collateral-order doctrine. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/cert-grant-o...
finaldecisions.org
Cert Grant on Derivative-Sovereign-Immunity Appeals - Final Decisions PLLC
The Supreme Court will decide if defendants can immediately appeal from the denial of derivative sovereign immunity via the collateral-order doctrine.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 02/06/2025
It might be worth mentioning that just because something is called an "immunity" does not make it immediately appealable. finaldecisions.org/immunities-t...
finaldecisions.org
Immunities & the Rest of the Collateral-Order Doctrine - Final Decisions PLLC
The Fourth Circuit suggested that a defense’s providing an immunity from litigation is enough for the collateral-order doctrine. But what about the doctrine’s other requirements, particularly separate...
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 02/06/2025
The Supreme Court will address whether defendants can immediately appeal the denial of derivative sovereign immunity via the collateral-order doctrine.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 22/05/2025
A recent Sixth Circuit decision has me thinking that Carson's three-part test for effective injunction denials probably shouldn't apply when parties expressly sought a preliminary injunction. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/carsons-test...
finaldecisions.org
Carson’s Test for Effective Injunction Denials - Final Decisions PLLC
Carson's three-part test for effective injunction denials probably shouldn't apply when parties expressly sought a preliminary injunction.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 20/05/2025
Thanks so much to my wonderful 1Ls at W&M, and congratulations to all of them for making it through their first year of law school. law.wm.edu/news/stories...
law.wm.edu
Class of 2027 Recognizes Visiting Professor Bryan Lammon as Outstanding Teacher
One year after Bryan Lammon came to William & Mary Law School as a Visiting Professor of Law, the Class of 2027 honored him as the 1L Professor of the Year.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 20/05/2025
The en banc Fifth Circuit overruled In re Weaver and held that 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d) does not bar review of waiver-based remands. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/appealing-wa...
finaldecisions.org
Appealing Waiver-Based Remands, Part II - Final Decisions PLLC
The en banc Fifth Circuit overruled In re Weaver and held that 28 U.S.C. § 1447(d) does not bar review of waiver-based remands.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 16/05/2025
The Fifth Circuit split over whether a party could appeal from the district court’s delay in deciding a preliminary-injunction motion and raised an interesting question of how to determine when delay = denial. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/claimed-urge...
finaldecisions.org
Claimed Urgency & Effective Denials of Injunctions - Final Decisions PLLC
The Fifth Circuit split over whether a party could appeal from the district court’s delay in deciding a preliminary-injunction motion.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 06/05/2025
This month's roundup features claims and theories for Rule 54(b), plus appealing TROs, denials of litigation privileges, denials of church-autonomy defenses, and more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: April 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Claims and theories for Rule 54(b), plus appealing TROs, denials of litigation privileges, denials of church-autonomy defenses, and more.
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Reposted by Bryan Lammon
nicolebporter.bsky.social @nicolebporter.bsky.social · 25/04/2025
Finished my first year of teaching at William & Mary Law School. The 3L class does this really cool thing where they give hand-written thank you cards to every faculty member. Although I did not have a ton of 3Ls in my classes this year, I am continually impressed by their intelligence and diligence
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 18/04/2025
The Third Circuit split over the meaning of "claims" for purposes of Rule 54(b), with the dissent arguing that distinct elements means distinct claims. But the majority has it right, as there's a difference between claims and theories of relief. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/claims-theor...
finaldecisions.org
Claims & Theories in Rule 54(b) Appeals - Final Decisions PLLC
The Third Circuit split over the meaning of "claims" for purposes of Rule 54(b), with the dissent arguing that distinct elements means distinct claims.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 16/04/2025
Also, I wrote about a similar decision out of the 11th Cir. a few years ago: finaldecisions.org/counts-claim...
finaldecisions.org
Counts & Claims for Rule 54(b) Appeals - Final Decisions PLLC
The Eleventh Circuit explained that different counts are not distinct claims for purposes of Rule 54(b) when they stem from the same events and seek a remedy for the same injury.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 16/04/2025
I think the dissent makes the all-too-common mistake of conflating "claims" and "theories of relief." (On this point, see St. Augustine School v. Underly, 78 F.4th 349 (7th Cir. 2023), screenshotted below.) Most of the time that mistake is harmless. But sometimes it matters.
Screenshot of a court opinion with the text:

Since then, the case has been before numerous courts. In order to place the issues now before us in context, we need to go back to basics. We begin by recalling the distinction between a legal claim and a theory supporting relief (what the common law used to call a cause of action). A claim is the set of operative facts that produce an assertable right in court and create an entitlement to a remedy. A theory of relief is the vehicle for pursuing the claim; it may be based on any type of legal source, whether a constitution, statute, precedent, or administrative law. The specific theory dictates what the plaintiff needs to prove to prevail on a claim and what relief may be available. One lawsuit may raise multiple claims, and each claim may be supported by multiple theories.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 16/04/2025
Really interesting 3d Cir. split over what counts as a "claim" under Rule 54(b). The majority said the district court resolved a distinct theory of recovery but not a claim. The dissent argued that post-Twiqbal we define claims by their elements. www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/241...
Screenshot of a court opinion with highlighted text:

That is because their warranty counts are an alternative theory of recovery to their fraud counts rather than separate “claims” for purposes of Rule 54(b). So the District Court’s Rule 54(b) judgment as to the fraud counts did not finally resolve a “claim.”Screenshot of a court opinion with highlighted text:

Those decisions did more than articulate plausibility as the standard for evaluating the sufficiency of allegations – they also structured the inquiry around the elements needed to prove a claim....

Applying that principle here, the fraud-based counts in the amended complaint do not have the same elements as the breach-of-warranty counts in that pleading.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 14/04/2025
The Eleventh Circuit addressed the immediate appealability of Florida’s absolute and qualified litigation privileges. Absolute was appealable. Qualified was not. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/appealing-fl...
finaldecisions.org
Appealing Florida’s Litigation Privileges - Final Decisions PLLC
The Eleventh Circuit addressed the immediate appealability of Florida’s absolute and qualified litigation privileges
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 04/04/2025
New appellate-jurisdiction roundup, featuring the TRO v. preliminary injunction debate, Brady issues in qualified-immunity appeals, pendent appellate jurisdiction without appellate jurisdiction, and more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: March 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Distinguishing TROs and preliminary injunctions, Brady issues in qualified-immunity appeal, pendent appellate jurisdiction without appellate jurisdiction, and more.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 26/03/2025
And the Sixth Circuit has had two cases in the last month in which judges debated the extent to which they could review Brady issues in qualified-immunity appeals. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/some-sixth-c...
finaldecisions.org
Some Sixth Circuit Discussions of Brady Issues in Qualified-Immunity Appeals - Final Decisions PLLC
The Sixth Circuit spoke at length about its jurisdiction to review certain Brady issues as part of qualified-immunity appeals.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 26/03/2025
Some blog catchup: The Second Circuit appeared to exercise pendent appellate jurisdiction over a plaintiff's cross appeal even though it dismissed the defendants' qualified-immunity appeal for a lack of jurisdiction. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/pendent-appe...
finaldecisions.org
Pendent Appellate Jurisdiction Without a Valid Appeal? - Final Decisions PLLC
The Second Circuit appeared to both dismiss a qualified-immunity appeal for a lack of jurisdiction and exercise pendent appellate jurisdiction over a plaintiff’s cross-appeal.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 10/03/2025
I put together some new data on the frequency of fact-based qualified-immunity appeals and the time it takes to decide them. My findings were almost identical to what I found in 2020: at least 43 fact-based appeals, an average of 431 days to decide. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-year-in-...
finaldecisions.org
The Year in Fact-Based Qualified-Immunity Appeals: 2024 - Final Decisions PLLC
Some new data on the frequency of fact-based qualified-immunity appeals and the time it takes to decide them.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 06/03/2025
Yesterday, I filed an amicus brief in Parrish v. United States on the history and continued existence of the cumulative-finality doctrine. Huge thanks to William & Mary Law School's Appellate & Supreme Court Clinic for helping with this brief. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/new-amicus-b...
finaldecisions.org
New Amicus Brief on Cumulative Finality - Final Decisions PLLC
I filed an amicus brief on the history of cumulative finality and how it continues to exist alongside the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
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Bryan Lammon @finaldecisions.org · 05/03/2025
My new appellate-jurisdiction roundup features another rejection of pure Bivens appeals, Perlman appeals in the grand-jury context, mandatory stays during remand appeals, and much more. #AppellateSky finaldecisions.org/the-month-in...
finaldecisions.org
The Month in Federal Appellate Jurisdiction: February 2025 - Final Decisions PLLC
Another rejection of pure Bivens appeals, Perlman appeals in the grand-jury context, mandatory stays during remand appeals, and more.
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