The Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) generates climate extremes that endanger ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being worldwide. The response of this system to climate warming is p...

As an El Niño of historic proportions is taking shape in the tropical Pacific, a University of Michigan study has found that El Niño events have become nearly 40% stronger in the last 40 years than th...

The Fire Hypothesis posits fire catalyzed the late Miocene C4 grassland expansion but few proxy studies resolved both fuel type and fire South China Sea (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1146) sedimen...

Eastern equatorial Pacific thermocline depth is an important component of the tropical Pacific's coupled ocean-atmosphere system and varies across El …

A network of proxy records shows western North American hydroclimate and Pacific sea surface temperature co-evolved during the Holocene The western North America became wetter while the eastern e...

The northern African summer monsoon was unaffected by global cooling at the end of the Pliocene 3 million years ago.