Abstract. How do Americans perceive the parties ideologically? Using a multiverse analysis of 720 models, I observe how citizens’ ideological placement of

Anger at the other side, as represented by the political party opposing yours, is a powerful motivator to engage in protests.

Abstract. In the United States, partisans are more likely to protest than other citizens. This study compares the relative strength of two explanations for

Bonica’s (Am J Polit Sci 58(2):367–386, 2014) campaign finance-based ideology scores, or CFscores, create an ideological common space that allows researchers to compare a wide variety of actors. B...