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Paul Schwahn

@pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy
7 followers 0 following 150 posts

Sometimes I do differential geometry. [bridged from mathstodon.xyz/@pschwahn on the fediverse by fed.brid.gy ]

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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 13/09/2026
Even with the current situation where editors are struggling to find reviewers for their math journals, I still think that it's a good thing referees aren't remunerated or otherwise rewarded. Otherwise by now 99% of referee reports would be written by LLMs.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 09/09/2026
Up to dimension seven, compact (simply connected) homogeneous Einstein manifolds had been almost completely classified. The only remaining case was the six-dimensional Lie group S³×S³ ≅ SU(2)×SU(2). The Einstein equations for left-invariant metrics on S³×S³ are extremely messy algebraic […]
mathstodon.xyz
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 28/08/2026
The existence of a complex structure on S⁶ is now formalized in Lean. Measly 250k lines of code. So what do we do now? The formalization is even less comprehensible than the paper, mostly due to its length (in fact, the individual theorems are not the problem). Do we ask ChatGPT for summary […]
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Original post on mathstodon.xyz
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 20/08/2026
Uhh.. what? I already paid a 285 EUR on my visa application. Why does asking questions cost money?
Screenshot from UK Visa and Immigration website. Queries cost 2.74 GBP.Screenshot from in person appointment booking website. All options (even the "free" ones) cost at least 93 EUR.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 20/08/2026
"A metric on 𝑆²×𝑆² with positive sectional curvature", by S. Brendle and P. K. Hung. Almost a hundred years ago, Hopf asked whether such a metric exists. Now they found one! arxiv.org/abs/2608.19068
arxiv.org
A metric on $S^2 \times S^2$ with positive sectional curvature
We construct a metric on $S^2 \times S^2$ with positive sectional curvature. Starting from the standard metric on $S^2 \times S^2$, we first perform a Cheeger deformation. The resulting metric has nonnegative sectional curvature. We refer to it as a Cheeger-Müter metric. We then consider a suitable third order perturbation of this Cheeger-Müter metric and show that the perturbed metrics have positive sectional curvature. The proof requires various calculations, some of which have been carried out with the help of MATHEMATICA. The MATHEMATICA code is attached to this submission.
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Nele Hirsch (eBildungslabor) @nele.wirksamen.social.ap.brid.gy · 19/08/2026
Ich bin immer noch auf Prokrastinieren und damit ich damit nicht allein bleibe teile ich die interaktive Online-Anwendung Eigendrum! 🙃 Man kann auf der Website beliebige Trommelformen zeichnen und dann anschlagen und lauschen. Im Hintergrund läuft keine KI, sondern eine mathematische Berechnung […]
wirksamen.social
Original post on wirksamen.social
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theHigherGeometer @highergeometer.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 19/08/2026
From arxiv.org/abs/2608.16066
Mathematicians are currently being instrumentalised in a large scale advertising campaign by AI companies competing for market monopoly. Public grant money is being paid to companies which then receive free advertising from us, often while showing little regard for our research priorities. More seriously, as part of this advertising campaign, some companies are pushing misinformation about the goals of mathematical research. This misinformation has the real potential to influence government funding decisions in a way that funnels money away from scientific goals, and towards private interests.

This advertising campaign has more serious collateral damage. Mathematics depends on a human research ecosystem which continually generates new problems and sustains the community capable of recognising and pursuing them. Human generated research problems are a scarce and essential part of this mathematical ecosystem. Conceptually incoherent and empirically unsupported rhetoric portraying mathematicians as replaceable threatens a pipeline of early career researchers already in precarious employment conditions. Damaging either undermines the infrastructure on which future mathematical progress depends.

While the author does want to be transparent about the use of computer assistance in the preparation of the current manuscript, he does not want to participate in this advertising campaign and contribute to this destruction of the commons. As such, the model and company name will remain absent from this manuscript, but are available upon request.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 17/08/2026
Kähler manifolds are the elite among the complex manifolds. They possess a Riemannian metric that is not only compatible with the complex structure (i.e. Hermitian), but also view the complex structure as parallel (i.e. the Riemannian holonomy group is contained in U(n)). So the Kähler condition […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 13/06/2026
My colleague Misha Verbitsky over at IMPA, one of the top mathematicians of Brazil, is being detained in Armenia because Russia has designated him a terrorist after his comments on the war in Ukraine […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 05/06/2026
Two exciting preprints on the arXiv this week, both about Einstein metrics! P.-A. Nagy has worked out the third variation of the Ricci tensor with respect to the metric (a long-standing computational problem). This enables us to study third order deformations of Einstein metrics (for up to […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 25/05/2026
I must admit that I never understood the theorem statement of geometrization of 3-manifolds: every (smooth, compact, connected, orientable) 3-manifold (with boundary a disjoint union of tori) "decomposes" into "geometric pieces". But what exactly does "decompose" mean here, what are the 8 […]
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Omar Antolín @oantolin.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 22/05/2026
I had never thought about the difference between matrices being conjugate via a matrix in G:=GL_n(F) or via a matrix in S:=SL_n(F). It turns out to depend on the determinants of matrices in the centralizer! More precisely, let both G and S act on S by conjugation. Each G-orbit is a disjoint of […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 21/04/2026
"G₂-structures as Octonion Algebras", by Isak Sundelius arxiv.org/abs/2604.15966 In this article G₂-structures on a 7-manifold 𝑀 are interpreted as octonion algebras over the ring of smooth functions on 𝑀! More precisely, the category of G₂-structures on 𝑀 is isomorphic to a full […]
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Original post on mathstodon.xyz
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Michael Barany @mjb.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 15/03/2026
Because we care deeply about international mathematics and its mathematicians, we must recognize the threat to both that the upcoming ICM poses. Please read and consider signing: Move the 2026 ICM out of the United States […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 02/03/2026
They made the isospectral drums prismika.github.io/2026/03/01/we-ma…
prismika.github.io
We Made the Isospectral Drums and it Went… Fine
It’s usually the task of the modeler to make their assumptions fit the real world as closely as is practical. It was now our task to make a real-world drum that conformed to the modeling assumptions.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 20/02/2026
"The fundamental group of a spherical space form is not audible", by Mauro Colantonio and Emilio A. Lauret. A spherical space form is a complete Riemannian manifold of constant positive (sectional) curvature. The universal cover of a spherical space form is a round sphere (explaining the name) […]
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Original post on mathstodon.xyz
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 05/02/2026
Unlike their French colleagues, the German Mathematical Union (DMV) will not boycott the ICM 2026, as I was informed via email. They refer to a statement of the local organizing committee. I take the liberty to take one line out of context: "Gathering in Philadelphia is not only an academic […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 30/01/2026
Life is going to hell in thousands of ways, but at least I got myself some nice drip from my university.
T-Shirt with the logo of Unicamp
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 27/01/2026
@johncarlosbaez Today I revisited our project on the subgroups of F₄. Recall, we were hoping to show that for each 𝕂=ℝ,ℂ,ℍ, all subalgebras of 𝔥₃(𝕆) which are isomorphic to 𝔥₃(𝕂) are F₄-related. We were almost done with this; in fact, I think I have shown that a subalgebra isomorphic to 𝔥₃(ℍ) […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 23/12/2025
This amogus surface in ℝ³ has principal curvatures contained in [-1, 1] and is homeomorphic to a sphere, but its enclosed volume is less than that of the unit ball. arxiv.org/abs/2512.19659
Complicated surface, shaded in red and blue, resembling a character from the videogame "Among Us".
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 15/12/2025
Does anyone here have access to the book by Ronveaux on Heun's Differential Equations? academic.oup.com/book/54034 Asking for a friend.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 09/12/2025
Wait - am I reading this correctly that firearms are allowed on domestic flights in Brazil? The more you know.
Check-in warning of LATAM airlines, listing items that are not allowed on the flight.

In particular, under hand luggage it says firearms, except on domestic flights in Brazil.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 02/12/2025
@johncarlosbaez Coming back to our discussion about 𝔥₃(𝕂)-subalgebras of 𝔥₃(𝕆), and whether F₄ acts transitively on them: I've written up a unified argument why on can always assume, up to the action of F₄, that the subalgebra consists of elements of the form \\[\\{\begin{pmatrix} […]
mathstodon.xyz
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 02/12/2025
If you have a parallel spinor ψ on a compact manifold, you can write down a parallel bundle map Sym²𝑇*𝑀→𝑇*𝑀⊗Σ𝑀 mapping a symmetric 2-tensor h to the spinor-valued one-form 𝑋↦h(𝑋)⋅ψ. This allowed Dai, Wang & Wei to prove a lower bound on the Lichnerowicz Laplacian on Sym²𝑇*𝑀, by comparing it […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 27/11/2025
W from the Chair of Representation Theory at EPFL.
Title: Representation theory studies symmetry
in mathematics, science and engineering

For example, the following is a Al-generated picture of Dynkin
diagrams, a fundamental concept in Lie theory: [AI slop image]

However, the pictures above are not only incorrect, but they make no
sense. As such, the Chair of Representation Theory seeks to unleash
human (underlined!) ingenuity and ambition to tackle problems from fields as
varied as geometry, low-dimensional topology, mathematical physics
and combinatorics
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 17/11/2025
Does anyone know a good website with info on tap water quality in places around the world? All I've found on the internet are US-specific websites, or articles that look like they are LLM-generated.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 07/11/2025
Take the adjoint representation of the Lie algebra 𝔰𝔬(7) (i.e. the representation of 𝔰𝔬(7) on itself). This is one of the fundamental representations of 𝔰𝔬(7) (together with ℝ⁷ and the spinor module) - all irreducible representations of 𝔰𝔬(7) can be obtained by taking Cartan products of these […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 08/10/2025
Right now I'm attending my first ever computer science conference (the CICM in Brasília), and I just delivered a talk about our Lie algebra formalization project! The slides are available here: pschwahn.github.io/events
pschwahn.github.io
Talks & Events
Hi, I am Paul Schwahn, a postdoctoral researcher at Unicamp.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 29/09/2025
My passion project (formalizing the basics of synthetic projective geometry in Lean) is now public on Github! github.com/PSchwahn/IncidenceGeomet… Just finished the definition of the projective closure of an affine plane. Now on to proving that it satisfies the projective plane axioms...
Screenshot of VSCode containing Lean code.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 24/08/2025
Why do there exist so many songs/albums/artists with the name "Calabi-Yau"? I mean, yes, Calabi-Yau manifolds are cool as heck, but what are they doing in pop culture? So far this is my favorite: www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aEj-wKkMu0
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 26/07/2025
Took us long enough! Our survey article is finally on arXiv. It deals with two related topics: (1) Einstein metrics as the critical points of the Einstein-Hilbert action, and what is known about their stability; (2) The moduli space of Einstein metrics and the question whether a given Einstein […]
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Original post on mathstodon.xyz
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 26/06/2025
Finally managed to write down a rigorous argument for a theorem I've been using for years, but whose proof had never been written down properly (the treatments I've seen are either too specialized and misleading, or hand-wavy, or wrong): that the Casimir operator of a homogeneous vector bundle […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 24/06/2025
Got my first PR merged into mathlib 🥳
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 10/06/2025
Now it's happened to me too: we asked a (tenured) colleague for some references on a particular question, and received an LLM-generated list, formatted in Markdown, complete with little "summaries" of the articles were relevant to the question. Needless to say, none of the articles or books in […]
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Original post on mathstodon.xyz
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 30/05/2025
A small classification of Lie algebras, now formalized in Lean. github.com/LieLean/LowDimSolvClassi… To be precisely, we formalized the complete classification of solvable Lie algebras in dimension ≤3 over arbitrary fields. This is only the beginning!
github.com
GitHub - LieLean/LowDimSolvClassification: A classification theorem in Lean of solvable Lie algebras of dimension zero to three
A classification theorem in Lean of solvable Lie algebras of dimension zero to three - LieLean/LowDimSolvClassification
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 14/05/2025
In the affine plane, lines are 1D affine subspaces, or zero sets of degree 1 polynomials. In the projective plane, lines are zero sets of degree 1 *homogeneous* polynomials. Is there an analogous class of functions in hyperbolic geometry? Consequentially, is there such a thing as "hyperbolic […]
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Emelia 👸🏻 @thisismissem.hachyderm.io.ap.brid.gy · 13/05/2025
Specifically the petition to ban conversion therapy practices is lacking enough votes from: - #germany (49.9%) - #sweden (49.96%) - #Netherlands (94%) - #austria (25.5%) - #Slovenia (83.14%) - #portugal (24.46%) If you're a citizen of these countries you can help advance a ban on conversion […]
hachyderm.io
Original post on hachyderm.io
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 13/05/2025
Alright, I must concur, index notation is better than whatever this is.
Formula in a maths paper that involves the operator Trace_Free_Part_Of, written out including underscores.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 13/05/2025
Bell curve meme.
Low IQ regime: "tensor is big matrix"
Mid IQ regime: "Noo! A tensor is something that transforms like a tensor."
High IQ regime: "tensor is big matrix"
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 26/04/2025
low-effort meme cooked up after collaborating with complex geometers (this is a joke)
Dictionary Complex Algebraic Geometry -- English.

homogeneous space -- (generalized) flag variety.
hyperplane section -- line bundle.
vector bundle -- sheaf of sections.
holomorphic -- holomorphic.
smooth -- holomorphic.
point -- line.
line -- plane.
norm -- quadratic form.
orthogonal group -- complexified orthogonal group.
contact manifold -- complex contact manifold.
real numbers -- complex numbers.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 15/04/2025
"A piecewise-linear isometrically immersed flat Klein bottle in Euclidean 3-space", or, in other words, an Origami Klein bottle with self-intersections: arxiv.org/abs/2504.08826
Triangular Origami-like construction resembling a Klein bottle.
Caption: "The image of a piecewise linear local isometric embedding of a flat Klein bottle into R^3."
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 15/04/2025
Found this on arXiv today, and it evoked imagery of cosmic terror in my mind.
Top: Arxiv preprint titled "Gluing charged black holes into de Sitter space"
Middle: Jeff Goldblum in Jurassic Park, captioned with "Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, they didn't stop to think if they should
Bottom: Artistic rendition of spacetime with bright blue glowing orbs in it
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 14/04/2025
According to the Iwasawa decomposition G=KAN for semisimple Lie groups, every symmetric space of noncompact type G/K is isometric to the solvable Lie group AN with some invariant metric. Is there a standard notation for this Lie group (and its Lie algebra) when, say, G/K is (real, complex, ...) […]
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Original post on mathstodon.xyz
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 10/04/2025
Just learned that the Mathematical Congress of the Americas 2025 in taking place in Miami, Florida, of all places. Perhaps not the most auspicious location nowadays.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 18/03/2025
Pondering curvature endomorphisms, I'm currently stuck at a small rep theory puzzle: Determine all irreducible representations 𝑉 of O(n) such that Λ⁴ℝⁿ does not appear as a subrepresentation of Sym²𝑉. (These representations will have particularly nice expressions for the curvature […]
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 13/03/2025
Everywhere I go researchwise, it somehow seems that Bertram Kostant has already been there and done that... maybe I should read his work more closely.
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Björn Brembs @brembs.mastodon.social.ap.brid.gy · 21/02/2025
"How disruptive would it be if GitHub started deleting repositories, or Google Scholar started hiding certain papers in response to U.S. government demands?" www.thetransmitter.org/policy/scien… Most people with some interest […]
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Original post on mastodon.social
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 22/02/2025
Machine learning is coming to Riemannian geometry now (instead of the other way around)! "AInstein: Numerical Einstein Metrics via Machine Learning", by E. Hirst, T. S. Gherardini, and A. G. Stapleton. arxiv.org/abs/2502.13043
arxiv.org
AInstein: Numerical Einstein Metrics via Machine Learning
A new semi-supervised machine learning package is introduced which successfully solves the Euclidean vacuum Einstein equations with a cosmological constant, without any symmetry assumptions. The model architecture contains subnetworks for each patch in the manifold-defining atlas. Each subnetwork predicts the components of a metric in that patch, with the associated Einstein conditions, of the form $R_{μν} - λg_{μν} = 0$, being used as independent loss components; in our conventions, $μ,ν= 1, 2, \cdots, n$, where $n$ is the dimension of the Riemannian manifold and $λ\in \{+1, 0, -1\}$. To ensure the consistency of the global structure of the manifold, another loss component is introduced across the patch subnetworks which enforces the coordinate transformation between the patches, $ g' = J g J^T$, for an appropriate analytically known Jacobian $J$. We test our method for the case of spheres represented with 2 patches in dimensions $2,3,4,5$; in dimensions $2, 3$ the geometries have been fully classified, however it is unknown whether a Ricci-flat metric can be put on spheres in dimensions $4, 5$, which we provide numerical evidence against.
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 13/02/2025
Elsevier... are you trying to tell me something?
Screenshot of the preview of a maths article, titled "Special prehomogeneous vector spaces associated to F4, E6, E7, E8 and simple Jordan algebras of rank 3". The first recommended article is titled "The adult consequences of being bullied in childhood".
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Paul Schwahn @pschwahn.mathstodon.xyz.ap.brid.gy · 30/01/2025
There's myriads of trigonometric identities out there. Famously, there's the Pythagorean identity: sin² 𝑡+cos² 𝑡=1 for all 𝑥, which reflects the fact that 𝑡↦(cos 𝑡,sin 𝑡) parametrizes the unit circle for the (Euclidean) 2-norm on ℝ², i.e. the one defined by 𝑥²+𝑦²=1. One might want to […]
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