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Mixed Migration Centre

@mixedmigration.org
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MMC is a global network engaged in data collection, research, and analysis on mixed migration, with regional hubs in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Latin America #MixedMigration mixedmigration.org

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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 28/09/2026
“A new instrument is adopted (EU Pact), bypassed at its first real test (Ceuta), and then treated as a reason to build the next one.”  MMC Director @bramfrouws.bsky.social   examines what the response to Ceuta tells us about European migration governance.
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Born of crisis, bypassed in crisis: the EU Pact after Ceuta
What happens when a pact made in response to crisis meets one? 7 weeks after the EU Pact took effect, Ceuta crossings offered an early answer: its crisis tools weren’t used, and the European Commission was already proposing new ones.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 23/09/2026
Where do smugglers fit into journeys through Indonesia, Malaysia & Thailand? In Kuala Lumpur, MMC’s Evan Jones shared our research with governments across the Bali Process at a regional dialogue on migrant smuggling. Read more: f.mtr.cool/zbdhmj7ija
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 22/09/2026
Despite having little or no information about regular pathways, only 11% said they needed legal assistance. Information-based legal assistance needs to be embedded within broader support services to help improve access and engagement of people in irregular status.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 22/09/2026
Knowledge gaps regarding regular pathways appear to be associated with higher risks of irregular status upon arrival: 42% of the respondents who had little or no information about entry and residence conditions in Senegal were in an irregular situation upon arrival.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 22/09/2026
Awareness of regular pathways to Senegal is low: 80% had little or no information about entry and residence conditions in Senegal before leaving.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 22/09/2026
Information gaps were common: 74% reported not having obtained all the information they needed. 49% had no access to information at all, either when planning or during their journey.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 22/09/2026
Our new snapshot reveals that information gaps are a major barrier to regular pathways to Senegal. Based on 1,047 surveys with migrants and refugees in Senegal, we unpack that: ⬇️
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How Access to Information Impacts Migration in Senegal
This snapshot examines access to information among refugees and migrants travelling towards Senegal and how information shapes their journeys and experiences.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 21/09/2026
Which policy priorities can move climate mobility forward in the East and Horn of Africa? 65+ stakeholders from 7 countries joined our policy dialogue in Nairobi. The Outcomes Report sets out five priorities. Read it here f.mtr.cool/4bvb79gvq0 #ClimateMobility
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Climate Mobility in the East and Horn of Africa
Explore key findings and policy recommendations for strengthening climate mobility governance, anticipatory action and protection in the East and Horn of Africa
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 09/09/2026
📢 𝗦𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘 - Join the launch of the Mixed Migration Review 2026! This year's theme is migration in the age of polycrisis. 🔗 Register on Zoom to join the conversation: f.mtr.cool/g6huxn2zn3 #MMR2026
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 20/08/2026
@BramFrouws, director of MMC, reflects on the Ceuta events of July 2026, specifically on Europe's response and the human cost behind it. 🔗⬇️
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Ceuta: a test of Europe’s new migration pact
The mass movement into Ceuta tested Europe’s new migration pact, exposing vulnerabilities in externalised migration control and the human cost of border policies.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 19/08/2026
In Quarter 2 2026 in Europe: 1 million undocumented migrants apply for regularisation in Spain; while the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum implementation began on 12 June.  🔗 Read the full updates for more detailed information: f.mtr.cool/xwvuasogvq
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 18/08/2026
Tracking mixed migration across regions takes time. Our newsletter makes it easier. Choose a quarterly global roundup, monthly updates from the regions you follow, or both. Subscribe: f.mtr.cool/wsewrofkvk #MixedMigration #MigrationResearch
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Newsletter | Mixed Migration Centre
Stay informed with MMC Get the latest research, policy analysis, and updates on mixed migration delivered directly to your inbox. Whatever subscription you join, you'll also receive our thematic cross-regional research (published once or twice a year) and the annual Mixed Migration Review.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 17/08/2026
📌 El regreso no siempre significa certeza, especialmente después de los terremotos. La mayoría de las personas retorna con expectativas altas, pero muy poca información real sobre lo que encontrará. (4/4)
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 17/08/2026
📌 Muchas personas no se van del país de acogida por elección, sino por agotamiento: discriminación, xenofobia y la imposibilidad de regularizar su situación migratoria en países de acogida. (3/4)
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 17/08/2026
📌 El regreso está motivado, sobre todo, por el deseo de reencontrarse con la familia y por la nostalgia del hogar, más que por una mejora real en las condiciones del país. (2/4)
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 17/08/2026
En la más reciente infografía de MMC en América Latina y el Caribe monitoreamos los retornos a Venezuela desde América del Sur antes y después de los terremotos del 24 de junio y los hallazgos son claros ⬇️ (1/4) 🔗
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Return Migration to Venezuela Experiences and Expectations
Explore return migration to Venezuela, including why refugees and migrants are returning and the challenges they expect to face after arrival
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 12/08/2026
US deportation flights rose 56% in May 2026 compared with May 2025, while southern border encounters increased 65% since January. Across Latin America & the Caribbean, third-country agreements also expanded  Read more updates: f.mtr.cool/vivejupkew #QMMU
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/08/2026
A recent case study explores the impact of climate change on farmers’ decisions on (im)mobility in the Sikasso region, in south-eastern Mali, on the border with Côte d’Ivoire. ⬇️
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Climate adaptation among farming households in Sikasso, Mali
Cette étude de cas vise à comprendre l’impact des changements climatiques sur les décisions de mobilité et d’immobilité des agriculteur∙rice∙s de la région de Sikasso, au sud-est du Mali, à la frontière avec la Côte d’Ivoire
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 10/08/2026
Our new 4Mi infographic on the experiences of Venezuelan refugees and migrants returning to Venezuela shows that family members and friends in Venezuela are the main motivation for return. Discover more🔗⬇️
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Return Migration to Venezuela Experiences and Expectations
Explore return migration to Venezuela, including why refugees and migrants are returning and the challenges they expect to face after arrival
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 07/08/2026
"Language using words like 'invasion' or 'attack' or water-related metaphors to describe the movement of humans is dangerous because it tends to dehumanise people." @BramFrouws spoke to @TheAfricaReport about the rhetoric & the response to Ceuta
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European governments panic after mass crossings into Ceuta test Moroccan ties
Five years after the 2021 Ceuta crossing triggered a diplomatic rupture between Madrid and Rabat, 30 July’s deadly scenes in the tiny Spanish enclave thrust Morocco back to the centre of Europe’s migration debate. But Spain quietly resolved the crisis and most people returned.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 06/08/2026
The growing shift from protection to return policies for Afghans risks overlooking the realities people face upon return, argue MMC's Nadine Abdallah and Evan Jones.  Discover why 🔗 ⬇️
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Afghanistan’s Return Crisis: Why Sending People Back Is Not a Durable Solution
The shift in policies from protection to return assumes that return represents a durable solution.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 05/08/2026
MMC director @BramFrouws on the political implications of the EU Migration Pact in the aftermath of the crossings into Ceuta: "The idea of the pact is control and solidarity between EU member states. Yet we've seen the opposite."
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EU can give Morocco more border support, von der Leyen tells Spain after Ceuta spat
The Ceuta influx is the first major test of the EU migration pact that has been in force since June.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 04/08/2026
This quarter across 𝗔𝘀𝗶𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰: borders hardened against Afghans, funding fell short for Rohingya refugees, and hundreds of thousands remained trapped in cyber scam centres across Southeast Asia. Read our Q2 2026 update: f.mtr.cool/ponxsjaryw #QMMU
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 30/07/2026
In Quarter 2 2026 in West Africa: arrivals to the Canary Islands dropped 67%, while boat departures from the Gambia increased by 100%. Movements toward Spain rose along the Western Mediterranean Route (+26%). Read the full updates: f.mtr.cool/xerrxuhcab
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 28/07/2026
This quarter, refugees and migrants were forced out of South Africa, and Ethiopians on the Eastern Route now face execution. Read our Q2 2026 update for Eastern and Southern Africa, Egypt and Yemen: f.mtr.cool/tymavfemrl #QMMU #MigrationPolicy
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 01/07/2026
The US has closed legal pathways for Cubans while tightening sanctions on the island. The result: Cuban mixed migration is being redirected across Latin America.
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Cuban migration: US fuels departures and restricts access
With legal pathways to the US closed and sanctions worsening conditions in Cuba, Cuban mixed migration is changing, people are settling across Latin America, often with little support.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 29/06/2026
𝗡𝗘𝗪: Infographic based on 503 interviews in Italy: 73% of refugees and migrants experienced violence or abuse on their journey (77% came via Tunisia, 71% via Libya). 78% chose to remain in Italy, citing safety as the primary reason.  Read:
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Experience of abuse, seeking safety and decisionmaking among refugees and migrants in Italy
4Mi data on the experiences of refugees and migrants in Italy: violence on route, safety as a driver of destination decisions, and how motivations shifted over time.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 17/06/2026
"While restrictive migration policies and deterrence measures significantly increase the risks faced by people on the move, they have little to no impact on their migration decisions". From 4,100+ surveys on routes where externalisation & deterrence are heavily promoted.  ⬇️
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EU migration and asylum Pact - data suggests it may not work
EU Migration and Asylum Pact is now the central legislative pillar of European migration policy, alongside the EU's broader five-year migration strategy, an expanding web of migration partnerships with transit countries, and a growing set of tools - from the new Return Regulation to the EU's first-ever Visa Strategy - designed to manage both irregular arrivals and legal mobility.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 15/06/2026
“The debate has been trapped in a false dichotomy … as if the only way to demonstrate control is to restrict and deter."  MMC's Roberto Forin in Reuters on  EU pact on immigration &  asylum. 
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EU overhaul to toughen migration rules takes effect, though doubts remain about impact
An overhaul of immigration and asylum policy enters into force across the European Union on Friday, a decade in the ​making, as EU countries have come under pressure from far-right nationalist parties.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/06/2026
Tomorrow, 12th of June, the European Migration and Asylum Pact comes into force. An important premise of the Pact is that more restrictive measures will deter irregular migration towards Europe. But does deterrence actually work? Not according to our findings ⬇️⬇️⬇️
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/06/2026
Pope Leo XIV has arrived in the Canary Islands with a focus on visiting migrants. Here are three things to know about the Atlantic route to the Canary Islands, where many have lost their lives  ⬇️
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 07/06/2026
As enforcement tightens, embarkation points shift south and journeys get longer.  Read the paper: f.mtr.cool/kvyyaskcyp #IrregularMigration #AtlanticRoute
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 07/06/2026
𝗡𝗲𝘄: Research based on 1,216 interviews in Mauritania and Spain finds that 71% of respondents identified at least one dangerous location on their journey to the Canary Islands, with 64% fearing death during the Atlantic crossing.  #IrregularMigration #AtlanticRoute
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 04/06/2026
Participants drafted and validated policy recommendations across five thematic outcome areas, which will feed into a climate mobility roadmap - stay tuned!  Next stop: Addis Ababa. #ClimateMobility #MECMEA
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 04/06/2026
The Nairobi Policy Dialogue on Mobility & Climate Change in the East & Horn of Africa wrapped up today. The CTA that stood out is to localise global and regional frameworks. Policy matters, but so do local knowledge and institutions, and frameworks must be built from the ground up.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 03/06/2026
📍The Nairobi Policy Dialogue on Mobility & Climate Change in the East & Horn of Africa kicks off. 🔗 f.mtr.cool/uobbsfpeic #ClimateMobility #MECMEA
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 19/05/2026
1st quarterly update 2026 Eastern & Southern Africa, Yemen and Egypt: 𝗬𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻: Arrival of people crossing from East Africa to Yemen increased by 30% in the first two months of 2026 compared to the same period last year (IOM DTM). Read more: f.mtr.cool/paktwqgcwc
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 19/05/2026
1st quarterly update 2026 Eastern & Southern Africa: 𝗦𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗻: Cross-border movements continued to rise as conflict and insecurity drove further displacement. At the same time nearly 615,000 people returned to Sudan from neighbouring countries Read more: f.mtr.cool/sfzmyjmggk
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 18/05/2026
New quarterly updates for Eastern & Southern Africa, Egypt & Yemen (Q1 2026): See the latest on mixed migration dynamics in Sudan and Egypt, on the situation of East Africans in the Middle East, and more. #QMMU f.mtr.cool/fryzajhvjw
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 15/05/2026
Surveys with 2,229 Syrians returning from abroad - mainly Türkiye (56%), Lebanon (30%) & Jordan (9%).   89% said return was completely their decision. 25% also cited difficulties in host country: discrimination, lack of prospects, insecurity, violations & abuse. More findings:
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Return and reintegration in Syria: home under strain
Explore the experiences of Syrian returnees post-Assad fall. Discover factors driving return and challenges faced in reintegration across Aleppo, Homs, and Idleb.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 15/05/2026
Detention and deportation are their biggest fears.  Here is the full report: f.mtr.cool/ogycmbefda
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 15/05/2026
𝗡𝗘𝗪: Research report based on 1,109 interviews with Afghan refugees and migrants in Pakistan, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝟮𝟱𝟰 𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗻, finds that 77% of children cannot access education and 85% have received no assistance. 70% report feeling depressed.  Read➜ f.mtr.cool/evrgkfagjp
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 14/05/2026
𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘀 𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿, closing its eastern border and relocating at least 2,300 refugees.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 14/05/2026
𝗠𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗴𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝟮𝟴,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝗦𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗲, 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹𝘀, 𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗻𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 14/05/2026
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝘁𝗹𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘂𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 (-𝟴𝟮% 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿), 𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗽𝗮𝗶𝗻. Movements increasingly shifted towards the Western Mediterranean Route, with an expansion at Ceuta (+435% compared to same period last year).
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 14/05/2026
📢 Discover West Africa's first quarterly mixed migration updates for 2026. 🔗 Read the full #QMMU:  f.mtr.cool/hrbsxrvhuf
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 13/05/2026
📖 Or read the full article here:
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AI, surveillance and the privatisation of migration management | Mixed Migration Centre
AI, surveillance technologies and private actors are reshaping migration management, driving a global shift toward securitised and privatised border control.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 13/05/2026
How is AI reshaping the governance of mixed migration? And how do people on the move and smugglers alike navigate these systems?  🎧 Listen to this #MMR2025 podcast episode to know more:
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The rise of the border industrial complex
Mixed Migration Review 2025 · Episode
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 12/05/2026
𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 (Jan–Mar 2026) is out. Escalating conflicts and protracted crises continue to shape mixed migration and vulnerability across the region.  Read the full updates here: f.mtr.cool/cusmqbcnvb #QMMU
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/05/2026
We interviewed +3800 Syria returnees (from abroad and IDPs). Economic reintegration is a key issue.  Social belonging is often strong  but income, housing and basic needs remain  precarious for many returnees.  More findings: f.mtr.cool/jwdydomynq
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