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Mixed Migration Centre

@mixedmigration.org
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MMC is a global network engaged in data collection, research, and analysis on mixed migration, with regional hubs in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Latin America #MixedMigration mixedmigration.org

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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 28/09/2026
“A new instrument is adopted (EU Pact), bypassed at its first real test (Ceuta), and then treated as a reason to build the next one.”  MMC Director @bramfrouws.bsky.social   examines what the response to Ceuta tells us about European migration governance.
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Born of crisis, bypassed in crisis: the EU Pact after Ceuta
What happens when a pact made in response to crisis meets one? 7 weeks after the EU Pact took effect, Ceuta crossings offered an early answer: its crisis tools weren’t used, and the European Commission was already proposing new ones.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 23/09/2026
Where do smugglers fit into journeys through Indonesia, Malaysia & Thailand? In Kuala Lumpur, MMC’s Evan Jones shared our research with governments across the Bali Process at a regional dialogue on migrant smuggling. Read more: f.mtr.cool/zbdhmj7ija
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 22/09/2026
Our new snapshot reveals that information gaps are a major barrier to regular pathways to Senegal. Based on 1,047 surveys with migrants and refugees in Senegal, we unpack that: ⬇️
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How Access to Information Impacts Migration in Senegal
This snapshot examines access to information among refugees and migrants travelling towards Senegal and how information shapes their journeys and experiences.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 21/09/2026
Which policy priorities can move climate mobility forward in the East and Horn of Africa? 65+ stakeholders from 7 countries joined our policy dialogue in Nairobi. The Outcomes Report sets out five priorities. Read it here f.mtr.cool/4bvb79gvq0 #ClimateMobility
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Climate Mobility in the East and Horn of Africa
Explore key findings and policy recommendations for strengthening climate mobility governance, anticipatory action and protection in the East and Horn of Africa
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 09/09/2026
📢 𝗦𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘 - Join the launch of the Mixed Migration Review 2026! This year's theme is migration in the age of polycrisis. 🔗 Register on Zoom to join the conversation: f.mtr.cool/g6huxn2zn3 #MMR2026
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 20/08/2026
@BramFrouws, director of MMC, reflects on the Ceuta events of July 2026, specifically on Europe's response and the human cost behind it. 🔗⬇️
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Ceuta: a test of Europe’s new migration pact
The mass movement into Ceuta tested Europe’s new migration pact, exposing vulnerabilities in externalised migration control and the human cost of border policies.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 19/08/2026
In Quarter 2 2026 in Europe: 1 million undocumented migrants apply for regularisation in Spain; while the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum implementation began on 12 June.  🔗 Read the full updates for more detailed information: f.mtr.cool/xwvuasogvq
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 18/08/2026
Tracking mixed migration across regions takes time. Our newsletter makes it easier. Choose a quarterly global roundup, monthly updates from the regions you follow, or both. Subscribe: f.mtr.cool/wsewrofkvk #MixedMigration #MigrationResearch
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Newsletter | Mixed Migration Centre
Stay informed with MMC Get the latest research, policy analysis, and updates on mixed migration delivered directly to your inbox. Whatever subscription you join, you'll also receive our thematic cross-regional research (published once or twice a year) and the annual Mixed Migration Review.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 17/08/2026
En la más reciente infografía de MMC en América Latina y el Caribe monitoreamos los retornos a Venezuela desde América del Sur antes y después de los terremotos del 24 de junio y los hallazgos son claros ⬇️ (1/4) 🔗
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Return Migration to Venezuela Experiences and Expectations
Explore return migration to Venezuela, including why refugees and migrants are returning and the challenges they expect to face after arrival
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 12/08/2026
US deportation flights rose 56% in May 2026 compared with May 2025, while southern border encounters increased 65% since January. Across Latin America & the Caribbean, third-country agreements also expanded  Read more updates: f.mtr.cool/vivejupkew #QMMU
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/08/2026
A recent case study explores the impact of climate change on farmers’ decisions on (im)mobility in the Sikasso region, in south-eastern Mali, on the border with Côte d’Ivoire. ⬇️
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Climate adaptation among farming households in Sikasso, Mali
Cette étude de cas vise à comprendre l’impact des changements climatiques sur les décisions de mobilité et d’immobilité des agriculteur∙rice∙s de la région de Sikasso, au sud-est du Mali, à la frontière avec la Côte d’Ivoire
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 10/08/2026
Our new 4Mi infographic on the experiences of Venezuelan refugees and migrants returning to Venezuela shows that family members and friends in Venezuela are the main motivation for return. Discover more🔗⬇️
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Return Migration to Venezuela Experiences and Expectations
Explore return migration to Venezuela, including why refugees and migrants are returning and the challenges they expect to face after arrival
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 07/08/2026
"Language using words like 'invasion' or 'attack' or water-related metaphors to describe the movement of humans is dangerous because it tends to dehumanise people." @BramFrouws spoke to @TheAfricaReport about the rhetoric & the response to Ceuta
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European governments panic after mass crossings into Ceuta test Moroccan ties
Five years after the 2021 Ceuta crossing triggered a diplomatic rupture between Madrid and Rabat, 30 July’s deadly scenes in the tiny Spanish enclave thrust Morocco back to the centre of Europe’s migration debate. But Spain quietly resolved the crisis and most people returned.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 06/08/2026
The growing shift from protection to return policies for Afghans risks overlooking the realities people face upon return, argue MMC's Nadine Abdallah and Evan Jones.  Discover why 🔗 ⬇️
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Afghanistan’s Return Crisis: Why Sending People Back Is Not a Durable Solution
The shift in policies from protection to return assumes that return represents a durable solution.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 05/08/2026
MMC director @BramFrouws on the political implications of the EU Migration Pact in the aftermath of the crossings into Ceuta: "The idea of the pact is control and solidarity between EU member states. Yet we've seen the opposite."
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EU can give Morocco more border support, von der Leyen tells Spain after Ceuta spat
The Ceuta influx is the first major test of the EU migration pact that has been in force since June.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 04/08/2026
This quarter across 𝗔𝘀𝗶𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰: borders hardened against Afghans, funding fell short for Rohingya refugees, and hundreds of thousands remained trapped in cyber scam centres across Southeast Asia. Read our Q2 2026 update: f.mtr.cool/ponxsjaryw #QMMU
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 30/07/2026
In Quarter 2 2026 in West Africa: arrivals to the Canary Islands dropped 67%, while boat departures from the Gambia increased by 100%. Movements toward Spain rose along the Western Mediterranean Route (+26%). Read the full updates: f.mtr.cool/xerrxuhcab
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 28/07/2026
This quarter, refugees and migrants were forced out of South Africa, and Ethiopians on the Eastern Route now face execution. Read our Q2 2026 update for Eastern and Southern Africa, Egypt and Yemen: f.mtr.cool/tymavfemrl #QMMU #MigrationPolicy
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 01/07/2026
The US has closed legal pathways for Cubans while tightening sanctions on the island. The result: Cuban mixed migration is being redirected across Latin America.
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Cuban migration: US fuels departures and restricts access
With legal pathways to the US closed and sanctions worsening conditions in Cuba, Cuban mixed migration is changing, people are settling across Latin America, often with little support.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 29/06/2026
𝗡𝗘𝗪: Infographic based on 503 interviews in Italy: 73% of refugees and migrants experienced violence or abuse on their journey (77% came via Tunisia, 71% via Libya). 78% chose to remain in Italy, citing safety as the primary reason.  Read:
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Experience of abuse, seeking safety and decisionmaking among refugees and migrants in Italy
4Mi data on the experiences of refugees and migrants in Italy: violence on route, safety as a driver of destination decisions, and how motivations shifted over time.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 17/06/2026
"While restrictive migration policies and deterrence measures significantly increase the risks faced by people on the move, they have little to no impact on their migration decisions". From 4,100+ surveys on routes where externalisation & deterrence are heavily promoted.  ⬇️
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EU migration and asylum Pact - data suggests it may not work
EU Migration and Asylum Pact is now the central legislative pillar of European migration policy, alongside the EU's broader five-year migration strategy, an expanding web of migration partnerships with transit countries, and a growing set of tools - from the new Return Regulation to the EU's first-ever Visa Strategy - designed to manage both irregular arrivals and legal mobility.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 15/06/2026
“The debate has been trapped in a false dichotomy … as if the only way to demonstrate control is to restrict and deter."  MMC's Roberto Forin in Reuters on  EU pact on immigration &  asylum. 
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EU overhaul to toughen migration rules takes effect, though doubts remain about impact
An overhaul of immigration and asylum policy enters into force across the European Union on Friday, a decade in the ​making, as EU countries have come under pressure from far-right nationalist parties.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/06/2026
Tomorrow, 12th of June, the European Migration and Asylum Pact comes into force. An important premise of the Pact is that more restrictive measures will deter irregular migration towards Europe. But does deterrence actually work? Not according to our findings ⬇️⬇️⬇️
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/06/2026
Pope Leo XIV has arrived in the Canary Islands with a focus on visiting migrants. Here are three things to know about the Atlantic route to the Canary Islands, where many have lost their lives  ⬇️
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 07/06/2026
𝗡𝗲𝘄: Research based on 1,216 interviews in Mauritania and Spain finds that 71% of respondents identified at least one dangerous location on their journey to the Canary Islands, with 64% fearing death during the Atlantic crossing.  #IrregularMigration #AtlanticRoute
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 04/06/2026
Participants drafted and validated policy recommendations across five thematic outcome areas, which will feed into a climate mobility roadmap - stay tuned!  Next stop: Addis Ababa. #ClimateMobility #MECMEA
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 04/06/2026
The Nairobi Policy Dialogue on Mobility & Climate Change in the East & Horn of Africa wrapped up today. The CTA that stood out is to localise global and regional frameworks. Policy matters, but so do local knowledge and institutions, and frameworks must be built from the ground up.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 03/06/2026
📍The Nairobi Policy Dialogue on Mobility & Climate Change in the East & Horn of Africa kicks off. 🔗 f.mtr.cool/uobbsfpeic #ClimateMobility #MECMEA
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 19/05/2026
1st quarterly update 2026 Eastern & Southern Africa, Yemen and Egypt: 𝗬𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻: Arrival of people crossing from East Africa to Yemen increased by 30% in the first two months of 2026 compared to the same period last year (IOM DTM). Read more: f.mtr.cool/paktwqgcwc
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 19/05/2026
1st quarterly update 2026 Eastern & Southern Africa: 𝗦𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗻: Cross-border movements continued to rise as conflict and insecurity drove further displacement. At the same time nearly 615,000 people returned to Sudan from neighbouring countries Read more: f.mtr.cool/sfzmyjmggk
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 18/05/2026
New quarterly updates for Eastern & Southern Africa, Egypt & Yemen (Q1 2026): See the latest on mixed migration dynamics in Sudan and Egypt, on the situation of East Africans in the Middle East, and more. #QMMU f.mtr.cool/fryzajhvjw
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 15/05/2026
Surveys with 2,229 Syrians returning from abroad - mainly Türkiye (56%), Lebanon (30%) & Jordan (9%).   89% said return was completely their decision. 25% also cited difficulties in host country: discrimination, lack of prospects, insecurity, violations & abuse. More findings:
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Return and reintegration in Syria: home under strain
Explore the experiences of Syrian returnees post-Assad fall. Discover factors driving return and challenges faced in reintegration across Aleppo, Homs, and Idleb.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 15/05/2026
𝗡𝗘𝗪: Research report based on 1,109 interviews with Afghan refugees and migrants in Pakistan, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝟮𝟱𝟰 𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗻, finds that 77% of children cannot access education and 85% have received no assistance. 70% report feeling depressed.  Read➜ f.mtr.cool/evrgkfagjp
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 14/05/2026
📢 Discover West Africa's first quarterly mixed migration updates for 2026. 🔗 Read the full #QMMU:  f.mtr.cool/hrbsxrvhuf
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 13/05/2026
How is AI reshaping the governance of mixed migration? And how do people on the move and smugglers alike navigate these systems?  🎧 Listen to this #MMR2025 podcast episode to know more:
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The rise of the border industrial complex
Mixed Migration Review 2025 · Episode
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 12/05/2026
𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 (Jan–Mar 2026) is out. Escalating conflicts and protracted crises continue to shape mixed migration and vulnerability across the region.  Read the full updates here: f.mtr.cool/cusmqbcnvb #QMMU
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 11/05/2026
We interviewed +3800 Syria returnees (from abroad and IDPs). Economic reintegration is a key issue.  Social belonging is often strong  but income, housing and basic needs remain  precarious for many returnees.  More findings: f.mtr.cool/jwdydomynq
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 08/05/2026
📢 Discover Europe's first quarterly mixed migration updates for 2026. 🔗 Read the full #QMMU: f.mtr.cool/zwkdvwexis
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 06/05/2026
🧵#IMRF2026 Rd Table 2 covers saving lives,  border management, & return. MMC data from 4,118 people on the move in Central, East & Western Mediterranean routes in 2025 talk to these issues.   2026 is the deadliest start of the year on record for people on the move.  What did people tell us?⬇️  1/4
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 06/05/2026
#IMRF2026 Rd Table 2 covers smuggling, border management, saving lives & return. MMC has data on this from 4,118 people on the move across Central, East & Western Mediterranean routes in 2025 & from +450 smugglers, the largest smuggler interview dataset in the world. Here is what both say. 1/4 👇 🧵
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 05/05/2026
Syria: New MMC surveys with returnees in Syria show that while people are returning they are doing so in conditions marked by weak livelihoods, housing strain, limited services, food insecurity, psychosocial stress, & limited alternatives. f.mtr.cool/ivgyvytggr
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 05/05/2026
🧵 #IMRF2026 Round table 1 (RT1) asks: how do we address the drivers of migration and expand regular pathways? MMC's 2025 4Mi data from 4,118 people on the move across the Central, Western and Eastern Mediterranean routes speaks directly to both questions. This is what it says 🧵1/5 ⬇ #GCM
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 04/05/2026
As world leaders gather for #IMRF2026, MMC brings new 4Mi data collected in 2025 from 4,118 people on the move across three routes to Europe. This week's discussions on drivers, smuggling, regular pathways, vulnerability and return are all in our data. Here is what people on the move are telling us.
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 02/05/2026
𝗡𝗼𝘄 𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲: 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘂𝗽𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝟰𝗠𝗶 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗿: Explore migration data from our 4Mi survey, deployed each month on mixed migration routes worldwide. It currently covers surveys with +99K migrants & refugees across 39 countries, collected from 2019 to 2025.  f.mtr.cool/dmyhkdzmxv
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 01/05/2026
Of those interviewed: → 47% had never attended school  → 41% were earning an income before displacement  → 48% of those who had worked were in climate-exposed sectors: farming, pastoralism, fishing 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳: f.mtr.cool/uskrklulit #Climatemobility
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 01/05/2026
𝗦𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮: 𝗖𝗹𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝗼𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 f.mtr.cool/ijcutsxduf Drawing on 1,062 in-person interviews with Ethiopian and Yemeni refugees, this country brief examines how droughts, floods, and environmental shocks are pushing people to migrate. #Climatemobility
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 30/04/2026
Only a few days left to submit your essay! If you are a young writer from and based in Asia, Africa or Latin America, enter our Short Essay Competition by May 5: f.mtr.cool/vgyvdfyeph 🏆 Winners will have their essays published in the #MMR2026 and receive USD 1,000
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 29/04/2026
Explore migration data with the 4Mi data explorer: +99,000 surveys, 39 countries, 2019-2025. Explore interviewees’ profiles, drivers, destination intentions, dangers, interactions with smugglers, access to information, and needs for assistance. f.mtr.cool/iojtsguuvx
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 29/04/2026
L𝗶𝘃𝗲: 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘂𝗽𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝟰𝗠𝗶 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗿 - Explore data from 99,000+ interviews with refugees & migrants on the move, filter by country, route, compare by age, gender or nationality, download data and visuals.  Explore data: f.mtr.cool/xwjyqxrklp
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Mixed Migration Centre @mixedmigration.org · 28/04/2026
📣 New key #MixedMigration trends, dynamics and policy developments around the world from the first quarter of 2026.  ⬇️ Read the updates in detail  f.mtr.cool/aueptkluap
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