Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzForeign Affairs @foreignaffairs.com · 25/09/2026“The world is learning from Iran, building on what Ukraine had already made clear: the future of war lies in part in precise mass,” writes @mchorowitz.bsky.social.foreignaffairs.comHow Iran Changed WarThe lessons of Tehran’s use of precise mass. 1105
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 19/08/2026🚨🚨🚨 New report alert on the future of defense! To rebuild deterrence and the arsenal quickly, the US needs to sprint to scale precise mass capabilities in particular, and enable the defense industrial base to deliver! @dumbacher.bsky.social @rushdoshi.bsky.social @cfr.org www.cfr.org/reports/out-... 001
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 11/08/2026Read my new piece on AI and nuclear weapons with @joshschwartz.bsky.social in @warontherocks.bsky.social! 052
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 12/06/2026"Few things are more important to militaries in crisis situations than informational awareness and control over decisions," explains PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social on AI and nuclear escalation risks in @vox.com. Read here: www.vox.com/technology/4...vox.comHow AI could make wars go nuclearWe had a plan to prevent World War III. AI could break it. 041
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 05/06/2026New podcast alert! Joined What a Day with @crooked.com to talk about whether the "killer robots" are inevitable (no), whether military adoption of artificial intelligence is inevitable (yes), and about how to thread the needle between under and over-regulation www.crooked.com/podcast/are-...crooked.comAre The Killer Robots Inevitable? | Crooked Media 010
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 20/05/2026"To build a larger and more capable fleet by 2030, the Navy should double down on investing in, fielding, and sustaining smaller attritable autonomous systems," writes PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social in @warontherocks.bsky.social. Read more: warontherocks.com/the-navy-nee...warontherocks.comThe Navy Needs Precise Mass and Here Is How to Get ThereMaintaining deterrence in the Indo-Pacific and around the world requires the U.S. Navy to change what it builds and how it fights. Sen. Roger Wicker 062
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzSirens: A Bombshell Production @sirenspod.bsky.social · 02/05/2026This week @laurenakahn.bsky.social joins to chat drones and how they are changing the character of warfare. For the rest, it's a lot of "you're fired!" The Navy Secretary. Members of Congress. The National Science Board. Plus DC proms! @csetgeorgetown.bsky.social podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/b...podcasts.apple.comFired Navy Secretary, Fired NSB, and UAVsPodcast Episode · Sirens: A Bombshell production · May 2 · 1h 0116
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzTexas National Security Review @tnsr.org · 15/05/2026Michael Horowitz (@mchorowitz.bsky.social) challenges the narrative that military AI is moving too fast. He argues that the Pentagon is actually too slow to scale proven technologies. Rather than fearing experimental prototypes, he contends it is time to "hit the accelerator." 111
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 15/05/2026West Point cadets are less likely to make automation bias errors w military AI than the general public! Shows opportunities from AI + that training matters! Thx @defenseone.bsky.social & Pat Tucker for covering research w @laurenakahn.bsky.social & Laura Samotin www.defenseone.com/technology/2...defenseone.comWest Pointers can be trained to better evaluate, appreciate AI, study findsNew research may point the way to harnessing AI’s potential on the battlefield—and in society. 000
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 16/04/2026“This is the time where danger lights should be flashing for a great power like the United States, if we take history as a guide," PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social explains in a @nytimes.com piece by @dwallacewells.bsky.social. Read here: www.nytimes.com/2026/04/15/o...nytimes.comOpinion | Iran Is Teaching Us Something About the American War Machine 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 19/03/2026PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social lends his expertise on the use of drones in the military to this @economist.com piece analyzing the impact the Iran war could have on the American military. Read here: www.economist.com/briefing/202...economist.comThe Iran war could sap American military power for yearsAmerica's war in Iran strains military resources, depleting munitions and air defences needed for potential conflicts in Asia and Ukraine. 021
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 06/03/2026“Whether it's a bow and arrow, a radar guided missile or an autonomous weapon systems, there's always a human responsible for the use of force," explains PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social in @channelnewsasia.bsky.social. Read (or watch!) here: www.channelnewsasia.com/world/us-mil...channelnewsasia.comUS military's reported use of Claude raises questions about AI in warfareAI is quickly becoming a mainstay of modern warfare, prompting pushback from some tech companies and sparking fresh debate about the ethics of military partnerships. 022
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 03/03/2026PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social testified before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission yesterday, speaking on the "China's Strategy and Growing Undersea Capabilities" panel. Watch the coverage or read Horowitz's testimony here: www.uscc.gov/hearings/par...uscc.govPart of Your World: U.S.-China Competition Under the SeaHearing on March 2, 2026 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 03/03/2026🎧 Listen 🎧 PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social was a guest on yesterday's @chinatalk.skystack.xyz podcast on Iran and the Anthropic-Pentagon fight. Listen here: open.spotify.com/episode/2Aug...open.spotify.comEmergency Pod: Iran + AnthropicSpotify video 032
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 03/03/2026“This is a fight about vibes and personalities masquerading as a policy dispute,” explains PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social in a quote for this @wsj.com piece on the Pentagon's split from the AI company Anthropic. Read here: www.wsj.com/tech/ai/anth...wsj.comA ‘Fight About Vibes’ Drove the Pentagon’s Breakup with AnthropicThe AI giant’s CEO Dario Amodei and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth have contrasting personalities and worldviews. 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 27/02/2026PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social is quoted in this @washingtonpost.com piece on the fight between Anthropic & the Pentagon: “The Pentagon does not trust that Anthropic will be a reliable vendor, and Anthropic worries about misuse of its technology." www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2...washingtonpost.comThe hypothetical nuclear attack that escalated the Pentagon’s showdown with AnthropicStart-up Anthropic and the U.S. military are careening toward a clash over government use of artificial intelligence — and whether it should be allowed to kill. 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzJoshua Schwartz @joshschwartz.bsky.social · 03/02/2026Excited to share a new article in @iojournal.bsky.social with @mchorowitz.bsky.social! We evaluate the risk of states using automated nuclear launch systems to facilitate revisionist coercive efforts. Unfortunately, we find the danger is real and should be taken seriously doi.org/10.1017/S002...doi.orgDelegating Destruction: Coercive Threats and Automated Nuclear Systems | International Organization | Cambridge CoreDelegating Destruction: Coercive Threats and Automated Nuclear Systems 063
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzCarnegie Mellon Institute for Strategy & Technology @cmist-cmu.bsky.social · 11/02/2026Are nuclear weapons useful for coercion? If so, what factors increase the credibility and effectiveness of nuclear threats? Read the latest research from CMIST’s @joshschwartz.bsky.social and UPenn's @mchorowitz.bsky.social in International Organization. Read: www.cambridge.org/core/journal...cambridge.orgDelegating Destruction: Coercive Threats and Automated Nuclear Systems | International Organization | Cambridge CoreDelegating Destruction: Coercive Threats and Automated Nuclear Systems 022
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 14/01/2026PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social contributed to this piece for @cfr.org examining the forces that will shape AI's trajectory in 2026. Read here ⬇️cfr.orgHow 2026 Could Decide the Future of Artificial IntelligenceSix CFR fellows examine the challenges that lie ahead, reviewing how governance, adoption, and geopolitical competition will shape artificial intelligence and society’s engagement with this new techn… 021
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 09/01/2026Want to understand more about the eye popping 1.5T Trump defense budget news? Check out me, @dumbacher.bsky.social, & @laurenakahn.bsky.social for @cfr.org! www.cfr.org/expert-brief... #defense #natseccfr.orgTrump’s $1.5 Trillion Defense Budget Should Not Come as a SurpriseIn the context of global threats to the United States, a long overdue defense modernization bill, and the ambitions of Trump’s signature defense priorities, perhaps the budget request should have bee… 032
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 11/11/2025"The Pentagon’s acquisition system is not built to meet a moment where rapid technological change in areas like AI is shifting the capabilities the U.S. should acquire," write @mchorowitz.bsky.social, @laurenakahn.bsky.social, and @dumbacher.bsky.social for @cfr.org: www.cfr.org/expert-brief...cfr.orgTime to Accept Risk in Defense AcquisitionsU.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth launched enterprising Pentagon reforms that prioritize speed in acquiring new military capabilities, but this ambitious proposal is at risk of running into the … 033
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 06/11/2025In a recent podcast with @cfr.org, PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social discussed how emerging military technologies are revolutionizing the modern battlefield and how the Pentagon is adapting and incorporating these new technologies.🎧 Listen here: open.spotify.com/episode/6n4H...open.spotify.comAre We Ready? | The New Weapons of War, With Michael HorowitzSpotify video 021
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 06/11/2025Today’s event in cyber threats, intelligence, and U.S. national security with General (ret.) Tim Haugh and PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social is now live! Watch here: upennmeeting-edu.zoom.us/j/94243050774 021
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzForeign Affairs @foreignaffairs.com · 29/10/2025“It is unlikely that superintelligence is actually imminent,” write @mchorowitz.bsky.social and @laurenakahn.bsky.social. Washington should not “distort U.S. policy by dashing for something that might not exist.” foreignaffairs.comThe Cost of the AGI DelusionBy chasing superintelligence, America is falling behind in the real AI race. 0116
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 23/10/2025🎧Podcast alert:🎧 PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social was recently a guest on @chinatalk.bsky.social discussing the use of AI in the military. Listen here ⬇️ open.spotify.com/episode/57RY...open.spotify.comSecond Breakfast: Gaza, SOUTHCOM, AI Nuke Analogies Stink, Generals Using AI (with M. Horowitz and L. Kahn!) 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzSecurity Studies Program MIT @ssp-mit.bsky.social · 23/10/2025Thank you, Michael Horowitz, for sharing your research on autonomous nuclear systems during this week’s Wednesday Seminar. 📼ICYMI you can catch up on the conversation with the recorded stream: youtube.com/live/TQKP0RuCZ_I?featur… @mchorowitz.bsky.social 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzA Reader of the FT @a-reader-ft.bsky.social · 14/10/2025Regulating military use of AI is in everyone’s interest-As the private sector accelerates advances in artificial intelligence and militaries invest in possible AI uses from the back office to the battlefield, the development… www.ft.com/content/c8db... @mchorowitz.bsky.social @financialtimes.comft.comRegulating military use of AI is in everyone’s interestBlanket prohibitions won’t work — but all states should agree on best practices for ethical and legal compliance 111
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 13/10/2025"There is an urgent need to instill strong norms of responsible behaviour and build the capacity of militaries to integrate AI responsibly," writes PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social in @financialtimes.com Read more: www.ft.com/content/c8db...ft.comRegulating military use of AI is in everyone’s interestBlanket prohibitions won’t work — but all states should agree on best practices for ethical and legal compliance 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 06/10/2025Through Open to Debate, PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social participated in a debate centered around the concept of a "kill switch," a mechanism designed to shut down/override autonomous weapon systems in conflict zones. Watch here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRKo...youtube.comWartime Kill Switch: Human or AI?YouTube video by Open to Debate 021
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzForeign Affairs @foreignaffairs.com · 26/09/2025“Washington must ensure that the pursuit of artificial general intelligence does not come at the expense of near-term AI adoption,” write @mchorowitz.bsky.social and @laurenakahn.bsky.social. “Racing toward a myth is not sound policy.”foreignaffairs.comThe Cost of the AGI DelusionBy chasing superintelligence, America is falling behind in the real AI race. 196
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 26/09/2025"There is no doubt that AI is a very powerful invention. But when it comes to AGI, the hype has grown out of proportion," write PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social and @laurenakahn.bsky.social in @foreignaffairs.com. Read here: www.foreignaffairs.com/united-state...foreignaffairs.comThe Cost of the AGI DelusionBy chasing superintelligence, America is falling behind in the real AI race. 041
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 28/08/2025In a quote in @defenseone.bsky.social, PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social describes former Defense Innovation Unit head Doug Beck's legacy upon his resignation: “...DIU under Doug Beck increased its ability to accelerate capability delivery that would make a difference on the battlefield,” 111
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 21/08/2025"The critical next step for the development of AI and the continued defense of U.S. national security interests is adoption at scale," write PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social and PWH Fellow Radha Iyengar Plumb for @cfr.org. Read here: www.cfr.org/article/pent...cfr.orgIs the Pentagon Slowing Artificial Intelligence Adoption?Senior Pentagon officials have demoted a crucial AI office from senior leadership to inside the research and development shop. They say it will lead to an AI-first push, but the move could put Trump’… 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 18/08/2025“Demoting AI within the Pentagon seems pretty risky at this point in history,” says PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social in a quote for @breakingdefense.com on the DoD’s AI shake-up. Read more: breakingdefense.com/2025/08/pent...breakingdefense.comPentagon moves AI office under R&D, raising fears it’s ‘demoting AI’ - Breaking Defense“When you pull an organization that was a direct report to the deputy secretary or secretary and move it somewhere else…the message to the force is loud and clear: This isn’t a priority,” said retired... 022
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 13/08/2025On the latest episode of Pod Save the World, PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social discussed how drones and artificial intelligence have ushered in a new era of warfare. Listen here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwRl...youtube.comTrump’s Strongman Summit Is A Gift to PutinYouTube video by Pod Save the World 031
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzJacob Ware @jacobware.bsky.social · 05/08/2025Exciting news: GOD, GUNS, and SEDITION is out today in paperback! My @cfr.org and @columbiaup.bsky.social book, co-authored with @hoffmanbruce.bsky.social, tells the story of far-right terrorism in America and beyond—a topic that sadly remains as relevant as ever. bookshop.org/p/books/god-...bookshop.orgGod, Guns, and Sedition: Far-Right Terrorism in AmericaFar-Right Terrorism in America 713857
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 21/07/2025PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social is quoted in this @japantimes.co.jp piece about the Pentagon's use of drones in the military. Read more: www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/07...japantimes.co.jpPentagon looks to unleash ‘military drone dominance’U.S. defense chief Pete Hegseth has ordered the military to fast-track the adoption of a boosted number of small drones deployed across the force. 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 23/07/2025To read the latest on the White House's position on Nvidia and AMD's sales of chips to China, read this @politico.com piece with a quote from PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social: www.politico.com/newsletters/...politico.comDid Big Tech just outfox the China hawks? 011
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 17/07/2025Listen to PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social on the Squaring the Circle podcast, discussing AI, autonomous weapon systems, and the future of warfare. 🎧Listen here: shows.acast.com/squaring-the...shows.acast.comAI, Autonomous Weapon Systems, and the Future of Warfare with Dr. Michael C. Horowitz, University of Pennsylvania | Squaring the Circle 022
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 15/07/2025PWH Faculty Director @mchorowitz.bsky.social is quoted in this @newyorker.com piece: “Ukraine has shown us that in future wars we have to expect that data links with all sorts of platforms and systems will be severed. Autonomy lets you solve that issue.” Read more: www.newyorker.com/magazine/202...newyorker.comIs the U.S. Ready for the Next War?With global conflicts increasingly shaped by drones and A.I., the American military risks losing its dominance. 011
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 09/07/2025🚀🇺🇸 Trump’s “Big Beautiful Bill" adds $150B in defense $. It could accelerate emerging tech adoption to stay ahead of China + bolster nuclear deterrence...or not. Learn more in latest from me, @dumbacher.bsky.social, @laurenakahn.bsky.social for @cfr.org www.cfr.org/expert-brief...cfr.orgWill Trump’s ‘Big Beautiful’ Defense Spending Last?Trump’s signature legislation will push defense spending past $1 trillion, with new funding for innovation and other capabilities. But those investments are at risk of becoming one-off acquisitions w… 021
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 07/07/2025AI governance and policy needs to start from the assumption that, as a general purpose technology, AI tech WILL diffuse - the analogy to the control paradigm of nuclear tech won't work! See my recent piece w/ @laurenakahn.bsky.social in @aifrontiers.bsky.social ai-frontiers.org/articles/nuc...ai-frontiers.orgNuclear Non-Proliferation Is the Wrong Framework for AI Governance | AI FrontiersMichael C. Horowitz, Jun 27, 2025 — Placing AI in a nuclear framework inflates expectations and distracts from practical, sector-specific governance. 030
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzCarnegie Mellon Institute for Strategy & Technology @cmist-cmu.bsky.social · 07/07/2025How can the United States prepare for the future of warfare? Read the latest by @mchorowitz.bsky.social, @laurenakahn.bsky.social, and CMIST’s @joshschwartz.bsky.social in @foreignaffairs.com on how the U.S. can adapt to the changing nature of war www.foreignaffairs.com/united-state...foreignaffairs.comWhat Drones Can—and Cannot—Do on the BattlefieldThe Pentagon should learn from Israel and Ukraine. 032
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzJoshua Schwartz @joshschwartz.bsky.social · 04/07/2025What does the Israel-Iran War / Russia-Ukraine War suggest about emerging tech and the future of warfare? Excited to have a new @foreignaffairs.com article w/ @mchorowitz.bsky.social + @laurenakahn.bsky.social on how to bring balance to the (military) force www.foreignaffairs.com/united-state...foreignaffairs.comWhat Drones Can—and Cannot—Do on the BattlefieldThe Pentagon should learn from Israel and Ukraine. 0113
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzForeign Affairs @foreignaffairs.com · 04/07/2025“If the Pentagon does not adjust to the new realities of warfare, it will lose the ability to deter adversaries’ aggression before it occurs—and perhaps the ability to win wars,” warn @mchorowitz.bsky.social, @laurenakahn.bsky.social, and @joshschwartz.bsky.social.foreignaffairs.comWhat Drones Can—and Cannot—Do on the BattlefieldThe Pentagon should learn from Israel and Ukraine. 0114
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 04/07/2025"If the Pentagon does not adjust to the new realities of warfare, it will lose the ability to deter adversaries’ aggression before it occurs" write @mchorowitz.bsky.social, @laurenakahn.bsky.social, & @joshschwartz.bsky.social in @foreignaffairs.com. Read here: www.foreignaffairs.com/united-state...foreignaffairs.comWhat Drones Can—and Cannot—Do on the BattlefieldThe Pentagon should learn from Israel and Ukraine. 022
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzErin Dumbacher @dumbacher.bsky.social · 30/06/2025Yes. Plus the IAEA has credibility because of its inspections, which would be nearly impossible to replicate for AI. 021
Michael C. Horowitz @mchorowitz.bsky.social · 30/06/2025We should resist the temptation to use the nuclear age and non-proliferation regime as the basis for #AI policy. It's different tech and the approach won't be effective. My latest with @laurenakahn.bsky.social ⬇️ 052
Reposted by Michael C. HorowitzPerry World House @perryworldhouse.bsky.social · 25/06/2025"The DoD’s budget and acquisition processes are broken in ways that jeopardize the military’s ability to deter and defeat major global threats, especially from China," write @mchorowitz.bsky.social and @laurenakahn.bsky.social in this piece for National Interest: nationalinterest.org/blog/techlan...nationalinterest.orgFixing the Pentagon’s Broken Innovation PipelineThe Pentagon’s outdated budget process is stifling innovation and must be reformed to outpace rising threats. The views in this article are those of the authors alone and do not represent those of the... 021