A connectome of the brain and ventral nerve cord of an adult female fruit fly is reconstructed and annotated, providing an open resource that reveals neural control of behaviour to be distributed, parallel and embodied.

Loss of Kmt2c and Kmt2d histone methyltransferases in macrophages leads to impaired pro-inflammatory cytokine response and phagocytotic capacity, as well a

Cvijetic et al. show Notch2 deficiency leads to altered populations of CD11c+ dendritic cells, including loss of ESAM+ cDC2a and an increase in inflammatory AXL+ DC3s, which sense and respond to gut dysbiosis, promoting autoantibody production.

Hyperglycemia or increased blood glucose concentrations is a characteristic and one of the diagnostic criteria for Diabetes mellitus and critically co…

The identification of mammalian prodefinitive angio-hematopoietic progenitors clarifies early hematopoiesis and macrophage development.

Waddington’s landscape provides a conceptual model for developmental processes. It is the basis of various mathematical models describing cell maturat…

Authors summary The brain is the most lipid-enriched organ of our body. At the same time, it is highly susceptible to disturbances in lipid metabolism. In this context, ceramide metabolism deserves sp...

Both adaptive and innate immune memory responses have been described in gamma delta T cells, yet the mechanisms, the ligands and the gamma delta T cell subsets generating memory responses have remain ...

The tetraspanin CD9 has an intracellular salt bridge. If CD9 opens, open-CD9 moves from PIP2-rich areas to regions populated by its interaction partner EWI-2. Hence, the state of the salt bridge regu...

Maternal obesity is a growing health concern that predisposes offspring to metabolic dysfunction, immune system alterations, and neurodegenerative dis…

A neurogenetic approach reveals the cellular division of labor between individual Drosophila larval dopaminergic neurons encoding an averive teaching signal, reflecting principles in the adult insect ...

Advanced electron microscopy techniques have been applied to comprehensively describe the cellular details and ultrastructural characteristics of all sensilla within the external sensory system of Dro...

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the critical need for accurate disease modeling to inform public health interventions. Traditional reliance on co…

The Bonn Cluster of Excellence ImmunoSensation will be funded for a further seven years as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German federal and state…

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 infection, has underscored the critical importance of rapid and accurate therapeutics. The neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 is paramount in controllin...

In studies employing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), model explanation, interpretation, and causality are often not clearly distinguished, …

A randomized crossover trial showed that transition to a Western diet resulted in pro-inflammatory changes, whereas transition to an African heritage diet rich in fruits and vegetables, legumes and fe...

Scientific machine learning is a new class of approaches that integrate physical knowledge and mechanistic models with data-driven techniques to uncover the governing equations of complex processes. A...

Mammalian cells synthesize hundreds of different variants of their prominent membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), all differing in the side chain …

npj Systems Biology and Applications - Loss formulations for assumption-free neural inference of SDE coefficient functions

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency in mice results in increased susceptibility to chronic systemic Salmonella infection due to enhanced erythropoietin-dr

The transition of an embryo from gastrulation to organogenesis requires precisely coordinated changes in gene expression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The RNA-binding protein Trim71 i...

Antiviral peptides have emerged as promising therapeutic targets against a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), adenovirus, rotavirus, poliovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, targeting various stages of viral infection (1). A novel class of inhibitors known as synthetic anti-lipopolysaccharide peptides (SALPs) has been suggested as suitable broad-spectrum antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents as they exhibit low cytotoxicity and effectively block the attachment, and as a result, the infection of human pathogenic viruses (2, 3). Among these inhibitors, Peptide 19-2.5 (also known as Aspidasept or Pep19-2.5) has attracted attention for its ability to inhibit the entry of various enveloped viruses, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (3). This is achieved through its binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and sialic acids on the plasma membrane. Studies suggest that the positively charged amino acids within Pep19-2.5 compete with the virus for the binding to the negatively charged plasma membrane components (2, 3). In addition, it has been demonstrated that Pep19-2.5 possesses anti-septic properties in vitro and in vivo by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (4, 5). The influence of Pep19-2.5 on non-enveloped viruses has not been investigated so far.

Ablation of CCL17-expressing hippocampal neurons induces spontaneous epileptic seizures accompanied by neurodegeneration, gliosis and behavioral changes. Inhibition of soluble TNF by XPro1595 applica...