Among close contacts with evidence of M tuberculosis infection, we found that the initial protection from TPT eroded relatively quickly in high-burden settings, but was sustained long-term in medium-b...

Artificial intelligence (AI) firms are exploiting loopholes and lax air pollution enforcement in a race to build new on-site fossil-fuel power plants for data centres across the USA. Concerns over air...

In a large, individual patient-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and translational prospective observational cohort studies, we observed little alignment of symptom burden with other...

It has been nearly 10 years since Havi Carel's Spotlight in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine on breathlessness and the rift between objective measurement and subjective experience. Havi's phenomenologi...

Sugammadex lowers the risk for postoperative pulmonary complications vs neostigmine after major abdominal or thoracic surgery in older adults.

On May 5, the White House overruled objections from US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioner Marty Makary and ordered the agency to authorise sales of two fruit-flavoured e-cigarette product...

Inhaled corticosteroids are the foundation of asthma therapy and now, 50 years on from their introduction, is an appropriate time to summarise some of the key studies that have progressed the field. W...

Sugammadex reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications or death compared with neostigmine. The risk reduction was small with atelectasis of uncertain clinical significance being the...

The link between 60-day mortality and MV in patients with ARDS may be stronger in those with hypoinflammatory vs hyperinflammatory ARDS.

When baby Sidrah Isaacs was born, she appeared well. At around 6 weeks of age, her mother, Sasha Leigh, began to notice concerning symptoms, including a silent cough, a weak cry, and breathing difficu...

A “hidden pandemic” of lung complications after surgery has been highlighted by an international study led by Australian anaesthetists that has found how a newer muscle relaxant reversal drug can help...

In this study, tezepelumab treatment led to greater reductions from baseline in daily oral corticosteroid dose than placebo at week 28 despite early study termination. No safety concerns were identifi...

On May 5, 2025, the Global Initiative For Asthma (GINA) published the 2026 update to their Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. On the same date, an online discussion hosted by GINA p...

Recent reports indicate that the burden of chronic respiratory diseases has increased by 80% in the Middle East and Northern Africa region between 1990 and 2019,1 and air pollution in the region, part...

Our findings suggested that eosinophilic inflammation is not involved in exacerbations when a patient is being treated with benralizumab. Airway neutrophilia, viral pathogens, and alteration of the sp...

Ventilation management in children varies substantially by age and PARDS status. Among potentially modifiable ventilation factors, only PEEP, ΔP, and FiO2 were associated with 28-day mortality.

Over the past half-century, perceptions of human coronaviruses have evolved from their initial characterisation as causes of the common cold to recognition of their capacity to trigger severe disease ...

Using WGS and AI to select regimens with optimal drug features had similar bacteriological and superior clinical efficacy compared with standard of care and was safe. Future trials should evaluate the...

Sepsis accounts for around a third of global deaths, with an estimated 166 million cases and 21·4 million all-cause sepsis-related deaths according to a recent study from the Global Sepsis Collaborato...

Russell Winwood's chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis in 2011 was a brutal wake-up call. His second in less than a decade. The Brisbane native, who came to be known as the “COPD Ath...

The decision regarding resectability in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is complex. To improve consistency in eligibility criteria in clinical trials, the European Organisation for Resear...

What systems fix would unlock the biggest equity gains? Should countries target patients with TB or conduct universal interventions? What does self-reliance look like post-aid cuts? Madhukar Pai joins...