James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 26/09/2026Anyone aware of good studies on quadriliteral formation in Semitics? Thinking about Hebrew, there seem to be some observable patterns. E.g., many have r/l as a second letter: גלמוד = ‘barren’ (جرد = ‘hard’?), זלעפה = ‘scorching wind’ (root זע׳׳ף?), גלבוע (name of a mountain, root גב׳׳ע?),… 240
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 25/09/2026The Hebrew שֶׁנְהַבִּים (‘a tooth of elephants’) seems to be a kind of loanblend—Semitic ‘tooth’ (שֵׁן/שִׁנַּיִם) plus Egyptian Ꜣbw (‘elephant’, which is why Elephantine is called Yev today). Egyptian Ꜣ > Hebrew h is odd. Could the unusual name Shinab (שִׁנְאָב) reflect a more standard correspondence? 000
Reposted by James BejonIntenudas @izmarasan.bsky.social · 24/09/2026There used to be rhinoceroses in what is now the Sahara desert , and the people who lived there depicted them on stones ! 3418
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 17/09/2026An interesting phenomenon for ignorant Semiticist folk such as myself: s > h in Ancient Greek. 020
Reposted by James BejonSafaitic @safaitic.bsky.social · 16/09/2026BES26 has concluded. Incredible new discoveries. Some will go directly up on OCIANA and others will require full-length publications. Stay tuned. 0219
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 14/09/2026I keep coming across the word תקף = ‘deed of entitlement’ in Nabataean inscriptions. This reminds me of Daniel’s לְקַיָּמָה קְיָם וּלְתַקָּפָה אֱסָר (‘decreeing a decree, enforcing an obligation’). Question: Since תק׳׳ף means ‘to strengthen’, is the otherwise unusual להגביר ברית (Dan. 9.27) an Aramaic calque? 120
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 08/09/2026Rather intrigued by the word שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה—‘a dip/hollow’. Sort of looks like שק׳׳ע = ‘to sink’ combined with ق-ع-ر = ‘to be deep, hollowed out’. Is this a thing in Semitics?—a portmanteau? One that comes to mind from modern Hebrew is דחפור = ‘bulldozer’, combining דח׳׳ף = ‘push’ and חפ׳׳ר = ‘dig’. 130
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 01/09/2026THREAD: Below is a neat word—the Ruus Al Jibal šamrūḫ = ‘the stalk of a bunch of dates’ (or something like that). Its Classical form is šumrūḫ. If I recall, @phdnix.bsky.social has shown that Cv₁CCv̄₂C > Cv₂CCv̄₂C (in a pre-Classical dialect?),… 1102
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 01/09/2026THREAD: Below is a neat word—the Ruus Al Jibal šamrūḫ = ‘the stalk of a bunch of dates’ (or something like that). Its Classical form is šumrūḫ. If I recall, @phdnix.bsky.social has shown that Cv₁CCv̄₂C > Cv₂CCv̄₂C (in a pre-Classical dialect?),… 1102
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 31/08/2026Could someone explain to me how this is supposed to work? h-qhl gets written qhl’/qhlh by an Aramaic speaker and later repatterned? 000
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 29/08/2026In Biblical Hebrew, רִצְפָּה can signify ‘pavement’ or ‘coal’. I assumed (why I’m not sure) that they shared a root. But, presumably, the pavement word is cognate with رَصْف and Syriac rṣp = ‘paving’, while the coal word is cognate with رَضْف = ‘heated stones’ and Syriac rʿp = ‘ash-baked bread’. 1101
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 29/08/2026In Biblical Hebrew, רִצְפָּה can signify ‘pavement’ or ‘coal’. I assumed (why I’m not sure) that they shared a root. But, presumably, the pavement word is cognate with رَصْف and Syriac rṣp = ‘paving’, while the coal word is cognate with رَضْف = ‘heated stones’ and Syriac rʿp = ‘ash-baked bread’. 1101
Reposted by James BejonBenjamin Suchard @bnuyaminim.bsky.social · 27/07/2026First, popularizing publication of our @unileiden.bsky.social project 'From 𐤀 to Α'. Co-written by the whole team, we introduce some of the questions surrounding the birth and spread of the early alphabet that the project tackles. Get the whole issue at www.karwansaraypublishers.com/products/anc...academia.eduA revolution in writing: the spread of the alphabetA paper surveying the spread of alphabetic writing throughout the ancient Mediterranean, the possible genealogy of the various alphabets, and the mechanisms behind and dates of their dispersal. 0237
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 27/07/2026Interested to hear thoughts on עֵרָבוֹן (‘pledge’). Akkadian has erubātu = ‘pledge’, and Ugaritic has the verb ʕRB = ‘to pledge’. So what about Greek ἀρραβών (4th cent. BC)? Would this be a Canaanite loan of some kind? Does Canaanite r come into Greek geminated-ly? 110
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 22/07/2026Wondering if the Egyptian qꜣb.t = ‘breast, chest’ is cognate with (South?) Semitic words like Arabic/Amharic qalb = ‘heart’ (Geez ‘wish’), Mehri qāb = ‘heart, intention’, etc. No cognates in Akkadian or NW Semitic to my knowledge. thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.de/lemma/159290thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.deqꜣb.t (Lemma ID 159290) 344
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 22/07/2026Wondering if the Egyptian qꜣb.t = ‘breast, chest’ is cognate with (South?) Semitic words like Arabic/Amharic qalb = ‘heart’ (Geez ‘wish’), Mehri qāb = ‘heart, intention’, etc. No cognates in Akkadian or NW Semitic to my knowledge. thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.de/lemma/159290thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.deqꜣb.t (Lemma ID 159290) 344
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 25/06/2026Egyp. bꜢq = ‘to shine, be bright/clear’ seems a nice cognate of Sem. בר׳׳ק ≈ ب-ر-ق = ‘to shine, flash’ etc. Not sure why it’s written with the tree det. Poss. because (iirc) bꜢq can also denote an oil tree (perhaps oil itself; not sure). If so, reminiscent of צה׳׳ר = ‘shine’ > יצהר = ‘oil’. 010
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 06/05/2026Just heard a cool idea (courtesy of a Joseph Habib presentation) that Ugaritic <z> was affricated. This strikes me as nicely explaining at least a couple of unexpected occurrences of <ḏ>: ‘iron’ = Aram. <przl>, Arabic <firzil>, Ugar. <brḏl> ‘gold(en)’ = Heb. פז, Aram. <pzwz>, Ugar. <pḏ> 322
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 06/05/2026Just heard a cool idea (courtesy of a Joseph Habib presentation) that Ugaritic <z> was affricated. This strikes me as nicely explaining at least a couple of unexpected occurrences of <ḏ>: ‘iron’ = Aram. <przl>, Arabic <firzil>, Ugar. <brḏl> ‘gold(en)’ = Heb. פז, Aram. <pzwz>, Ugar. <pḏ> 322
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 04/05/2026Dear #Arabic speakers. Do you recognise this saying? Or have an equivalent one? الطيور على اشكالها تقع 110
Reposted by James BejonIntenudas @izmarasan.bsky.social · 08/04/2026Arabic inscriptions from Mauritania : The schama here is the same as that of some Tifinagh inscriptions . We have here : Ana + name + verb to love + name Like the Tifinagh : Nak + name + verb to love + name 082
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026Dear Biblical folk. In most evangelical commentaries, Genesis 2 is read as a zoom-in on Day Six (e.g., with the creation of ‘plants of the field’ viewed as grains that weren’t created on Day Three, etc.). Is anyone aware of work on Genesis that interacts with this view? 111
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026Dear Biblical folk. In most evangelical commentaries, Genesis 2 is read as a zoom-in on Day Six (e.g., with the creation of ‘plants of the field’ viewed as grains that weren’t created on Day Three, etc.). Is anyone aware of work on Genesis that interacts with this view? 111
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026I don’t read German well enough to distinguish what’s nicely written from what isn’t, but some of Wellhausen’s work reads very nicely in translation. 010
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026I don’t read German well enough to distinguish what’s nicely written from what isn’t, but some of Wellhausen’s books read very nicely in translation. 011
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 23/02/2026I love R, but the behaviour of ifelse when you combine scalars and vectors is really unintuitive. E.g., Guess the result of the line behaviour. ifelse(1 == 2, "Yes", c("Yes", "No")) 000
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 10/01/2026Recent work on (re-)dating the Dead Sea Scrolls strikes me as potentially significant (if correct). Grateful for info on what the general response to all this has been and/or engagement with it. journals.plos.org/plosone/arti...journals.plos.orgDating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysisDetermining by means of palaeography the chronology of ancient handwritten manuscripts such as the Dead Sea Scrolls is essential for reconstructing the evolution of ideas, but there is an almost compl... 010
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 02/01/2026I imagine that this will be superb. Roman Gundacker is an expert on this. 010
Reposted by James BejonSafaitic @safaitic.bsky.social · 18/12/2025#OCIANA #Top_10_in_2025 : The #OCIANA team inserted more than 1500 new inscriptions into the database. Here are our top ten (with a three-way tie at #10) of the year, just in case you missed them! From Nabonidus to Dahr, let us known what you think! www.academia.edu/145461821/OC... 0249
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 15/12/2025Dear All. I listened to an interview with Irving Finkel over the weekend. He claimed that the Biblical Flood narrative contains quite a few Akkadian loanwords. Any ideas what any of them might be? Or whether anyone’s written stuff about them? 210
Reposted by James BejonOla Wikander @olawikander.bsky.social · 09/12/2025Review of Schneider's "The Semitic Sibilants", by yours truly: academic.oup.com/jss/advance-...academic.oup.comRoey Schneider, The Semitic Sibilants: Correspondences and DiscrepanciesOla Wikander; Roey Schneider, The Semitic Sibilants: Correspondences and Discrepancies, Journal of Semitic Studies, , fgaf028, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/ 291
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 08/12/2025If מִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת (Exod. and Deut. only) is a kneading trough, it’d be nice if it was cognate with שְׂאֹר (‘leaven’). But what’s happened to its sibilant? Loaned into Egyptian (where its lateral fricative went) & borrowed back? Feels a bit far-fetched, not least because it’s not attested in Egyptian (afaik). 030
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 03/12/2025Related to Geez maʕār (*maʕar) and Amharic mar = ‘honey, honeycomb’? 000
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 03/12/2025Not sure how much weight I can reasonably put on this text: 010
Reposted by James BejonPeter Tarras @petertarras.bsky.social · 02/12/2025As a little treat for you, here's an #ArabicBible Advent calendar 🧵. Every day I'll post a verse from the Christmas story from one of the oldest Arabic Gospel lectionaries, Sinai ar. 72, dated 897 CE (and a few other texts in between). [2nd attempt, I won't be offended if you point out my nonsense.] 27131
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 02/12/2025How come the construct of נְבֵלָה (‘carcass’) is נִבְלַת, and, possibly, of לְבֵנָה is לִבְנַת? I wondered if the constructs preserved an older form, since בְּרֵכָה corresponds to *birkat (e.g., بِرْكَة), but then בְּרֵכָה simply becomes בְּרֵכַת, so I don’t know. 110
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 21/11/2025Egyptian ḥmꜣ.t (‘salt’) as a cognate of the West Semitic *milḥ? Not dissimilar metathesis seems to be reflected in the borrowing of West Semitic *rumḥ (‘spear’) as *murḥ (hence Coptic ⲙⲉⲣ(ⲉ)ϩ). 171
Reposted by James BejonSafaitic @safaitic.bsky.social · 21/11/2025#Updated on #OCIANA - The first Ancient South Arabian inscription from the Ḥarrah, from Zalaf, Syria! Was it carved by a North Arabian who learned the script or a wandering South Arabian trader? Impossible to know! But its irregularities tell a story. Find more: ociana.osu.edu/inscriptions... 2111
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 21/11/2025Egyptian ḥmꜣ.t (‘salt’) as a cognate of the West Semitic *milḥ? Not dissimilar metathesis seems to be reflected in the borrowing of West Semitic *rumḥ (‘spear’) as *murḥ (hence Coptic ⲙⲉⲣ(ⲉ)ϩ). 171
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 18/11/2025A neat Masoretic note on II Sam. 13. Something like, שׁממה [occurs] three times (ג̇), twice defectively (ב̇ חָסֵר) and once fully (וחד מָלֵא). [Ordered by appearance], [the first is] ותשב תמר ושממה, [the second, which is plene]כי־רבים בני־שוממה מבני, [and the third] נתנני שממה. 020
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 15/11/2025Huehnergard’s excellent article on Hebrew nominal patterns classifies כֻּתֹּ֫נֶת as a *quttul-t form, which it may be, but is it better explained in light of the tendency for pre-tonic *u to prompt gemination (עָמוֹק/עֲמֻקִּים), since כֻּתֹּ֫נֶת isn’t geminated in (unstressed) construct forms (e.g., כְּתֹנֶת הַפַּסִּים)? 140
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 12/11/2025Idea for paper. List various Modern South Arabian borrowings from Arabic where a lateral fricative is effectively restored, such as in the case of šəmāl ⇒ śēməl(i) = ‘inland/north’. Entitle the paper ‘The Imputation of Śin’. 011
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 12/11/2025Idea for paper. List various Modern South Arabian borrowings from Arabic where a lateral fricative is effectively restored, such as in the case of šəmāl ⇒ śēməl(i) = ‘inland/north’. Entitle the paper ‘The Imputation of Śin’. 011
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 06/11/2025Question. Do we have any record of Canaanite that can be shown to predate the Canaanite Shift? 220
Reposted by James BejonJames Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 05/11/2025Question: Hoch has examples in (Egyptian) syllabic orthography of what appears to be *yomm (‘sea’) from the late 2nd millennium. How should these be explained? The effect of the Canaanite Shift on a stress-lengthened *a? Or the Phoenician Shift? (When does the latter date?) 395
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 05/11/2025Question: Hoch has examples in (Egyptian) syllabic orthography of what appears to be *yomm (‘sea’) from the late 2nd millennium. How should these be explained? The effect of the Canaanite Shift on a stress-lengthened *a? Or the Phoenician Shift? (When does the latter date?) 395
Reposted by James BejonLameen Souag @lameensouag.bsky.social · 01/11/2025From a Songhay cultural group on Facebook: "Today, Friday, let us put our siblings who are in Sudan, and all the land of Sudan - especially Al Fashir, in Darfur - in our prayers: may God hold their hand in the situation they are in..." 0163
James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 31/10/2025Caught up with my brother last weekend, who now speaks pretty good Swahili. I was intrigued to discover that Swahili appends -Vw to verbal stems to make them statives, just like Ancient Egyptian. Anyone know of non-Bantu languages that do the same thing? 030