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James Bejon

@jamesbejon.bsky.social
215 followers 45 following 455 posts
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 26/09/2026
Anyone aware of good studies on quadriliteral formation in Semitics? Thinking about Hebrew, there seem to be some observable patterns. E.g., many have r/l as a second letter: גלמוד = ‘barren’ (جرد = ‘hard’?), זלעפה = ‘scorching wind’ (root זע׳׳ף?), גלבוע (name of a mountain, root גב׳׳ע?),…
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
The Hebrew שֶׁנְהַבִּים (‘a tooth of elephants’) seems to be a kind of loanblend—Semitic ‘tooth’ (שֵׁן/שִׁנַּיִם) plus Egyptian Ꜣbw (‘elephant’, which is why Elephantine is called Yev today). Egyptian Ꜣ > Hebrew h is odd. Could the unusual name Shinab (שִׁנְאָב) reflect a more standard correspondence?
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Intenudas @izmarasan.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
There used to be rhinoceroses in what is now the Sahara desert , and the people who lived there depicted them on stones !
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
An interesting phenomenon for ignorant Semiticist folk such as myself: s > h in Ancient Greek.
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Safaitic @safaitic.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
BES26 has concluded. Incredible new discoveries. Some will go directly up on OCIANA and others will require full-length publications. Stay tuned.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
I keep coming across the word תקף = ‘deed of entitlement’ in Nabataean inscriptions. This reminds me of Daniel’s לְקַיָּמָה קְיָם וּלְתַקָּפָה אֱסָר (‘decreeing a decree, enforcing an obligation’). Question: Since תק׳׳ף means ‘to strengthen’, is the otherwise unusual להגביר ברית (Dan. 9.27) an Aramaic calque?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Rather intrigued by the word שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה—‘a dip/hollow’. Sort of looks like שק׳׳ע = ‘to sink’ combined with ق-ع-ر = ‘to be deep, hollowed out’. Is this a thing in Semitics?—a portmanteau? One that comes to mind from modern Hebrew is דחפור = ‘bulldozer’, combining דח׳׳ף = ‘push’ and חפ׳׳ר = ‘dig’.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 07/09/2026
I love things like this!
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 07/09/2026
I love things like this!
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
THREAD: Below is a neat word—the Ruus Al Jibal šamrūḫ = ‘the stalk of a bunch of dates’ (or something like that). Its Classical form is šumrūḫ. If I recall, @phdnix.bsky.social has shown that Cv₁CCv̄₂C > Cv₂CCv̄₂C (in a pre-Classical dialect?),…
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
THREAD: Below is a neat word—the Ruus Al Jibal šamrūḫ = ‘the stalk of a bunch of dates’ (or something like that). Its Classical form is šumrūḫ. If I recall, @phdnix.bsky.social has shown that Cv₁CCv̄₂C > Cv₂CCv̄₂C (in a pre-Classical dialect?),…
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 31/08/2026
Could someone explain to me how this is supposed to work? h-qhl gets written qhl’/qhlh by an Aramaic speaker and later repatterned?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
In Biblical Hebrew, רִצְפָּה can signify ‘pavement’ or ‘coal’. I assumed (why I’m not sure) that they shared a root. But, presumably, the pavement word is cognate with رَصْف and Syriac rṣp = ‘paving’, while the coal word is cognate with رَضْف = ‘heated stones’ and Syriac rʿp = ‘ash-baked bread’.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
In Biblical Hebrew, רִצְפָּה can signify ‘pavement’ or ‘coal’. I assumed (why I’m not sure) that they shared a root. But, presumably, the pavement word is cognate with رَصْف and Syriac rṣp = ‘paving’, while the coal word is cognate with رَضْف = ‘heated stones’ and Syriac rʿp = ‘ash-baked bread’.
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Benjamin Suchard @bnuyaminim.bsky.social · 27/07/2026
First, popularizing publication of our @unileiden.bsky.social project 'From 𐤀 to Α'. Co-written by the whole team, we introduce some of the questions surrounding the birth and spread of the early alphabet that the project tackles. Get the whole issue at www.karwansaraypublishers.com/products/anc...
academia.edu
A revolution in writing: the spread of the alphabet
A paper surveying the spread of alphabetic writing throughout the ancient Mediterranean, the possible genealogy of the various alphabets, and the mechanisms behind and dates of their dispersal.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 27/07/2026
Interested to hear thoughts on עֵרָבוֹן (‘pledge’). Akkadian has erubātu = ‘pledge’, and Ugaritic has the verb ʕRB = ‘to pledge’. So what about Greek ἀρραβών (4th cent. BC)? Would this be a Canaanite loan of some kind? Does Canaanite r come into Greek geminated-ly?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 22/07/2026
Wondering if the Egyptian qꜣb.t = ‘breast, chest’ is cognate with (South?) Semitic words like Arabic/Amharic qalb = ‘heart’ (Geez ‘wish’), Mehri qāb = ‘heart, intention’, etc. No cognates in Akkadian or NW Semitic to my knowledge. thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.de/lemma/159290
thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.de
qꜣb.t (Lemma ID 159290)
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 22/07/2026
Wondering if the Egyptian qꜣb.t = ‘breast, chest’ is cognate with (South?) Semitic words like Arabic/Amharic qalb = ‘heart’ (Geez ‘wish’), Mehri qāb = ‘heart, intention’, etc. No cognates in Akkadian or NW Semitic to my knowledge. thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.de/lemma/159290
thesaurus-linguae-aegyptiae.de
qꜣb.t (Lemma ID 159290)
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 25/06/2026
Egyp. bꜢq = ‘to shine, be bright/clear’ seems a nice cognate of Sem. בר׳׳ק ≈ ب-ر-ق = ‘to shine, flash’ etc. Not sure why it’s written with the tree det. Poss. because (iirc) bꜢq can also denote an oil tree (perhaps oil itself; not sure). If so, reminiscent of צה׳׳ר = ‘shine’ > יצהר = ‘oil’.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 06/05/2026
Just heard a cool idea (courtesy of a Joseph Habib presentation) that Ugaritic <z> was affricated. This strikes me as nicely explaining at least a couple of unexpected occurrences of <ḏ>: ‘iron’ = Aram. <przl>, Arabic <firzil>, Ugar. <brḏl> ‘gold(en)’ = Heb. פז, Aram. <pzwz>, Ugar. <pḏ>
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 06/05/2026
Just heard a cool idea (courtesy of a Joseph Habib presentation) that Ugaritic <z> was affricated. This strikes me as nicely explaining at least a couple of unexpected occurrences of <ḏ>: ‘iron’ = Aram. <przl>, Arabic <firzil>, Ugar. <brḏl> ‘gold(en)’ = Heb. פז, Aram. <pzwz>, Ugar. <pḏ>
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 04/05/2026
Dear #Arabic speakers. Do you recognise this saying? Or have an equivalent one? الطيور على اشكالها تقع
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Intenudas @izmarasan.bsky.social · 08/04/2026
Arabic inscriptions from Mauritania : The schama here is the same as that of some Tifinagh inscriptions . We have here : Ana + name + verb to love + name Like the Tifinagh : Nak + name + verb to love + name
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026
Dear Biblical folk. In most evangelical commentaries, Genesis 2 is read as a zoom-in on Day Six (e.g., with the creation of ‘plants of the field’ viewed as grains that weren’t created on Day Three, etc.). Is anyone aware of work on Genesis that interacts with this view?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026
Dear Biblical folk. In most evangelical commentaries, Genesis 2 is read as a zoom-in on Day Six (e.g., with the creation of ‘plants of the field’ viewed as grains that weren’t created on Day Three, etc.). Is anyone aware of work on Genesis that interacts with this view?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026
I don’t read German well enough to distinguish what’s nicely written from what isn’t, but some of Wellhausen’s work reads very nicely in translation.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 16/03/2026
I don’t read German well enough to distinguish what’s nicely written from what isn’t, but some of Wellhausen’s books read very nicely in translation.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 23/02/2026
I love R, but the behaviour of ifelse when you combine scalars and vectors is really unintuitive. E.g., Guess the result of the line behaviour. ifelse(1 == 2, "Yes", c("Yes", "No"))
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 10/01/2026
Recent work on (re-)dating the Dead Sea Scrolls strikes me as potentially significant (if correct). Grateful for info on what the general response to all this has been and/or engagement with it. journals.plos.org/plosone/arti...
journals.plos.org
Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis
Determining by means of palaeography the chronology of ancient handwritten manuscripts such as the Dead Sea Scrolls is essential for reconstructing the evolution of ideas, but there is an almost compl...
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 02/01/2026
I imagine that this will be superb. Roman Gundacker is an expert on this.
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Safaitic @safaitic.bsky.social · 18/12/2025
#OCIANA #Top_10_in_2025 : The #OCIANA team inserted more than 1500 new inscriptions into the database. Here are our top ten (with a three-way tie at #10) of the year, just in case you missed them! From Nabonidus to Dahr, let us known what you think! www.academia.edu/145461821/OC...
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 15/12/2025
Dear All. I listened to an interview with Irving Finkel over the weekend. He claimed that the Biblical Flood narrative contains quite a few Akkadian loanwords. Any ideas what any of them might be? Or whether anyone’s written stuff about them?
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Ola Wikander @olawikander.bsky.social · 09/12/2025
Review of Schneider's "The Semitic Sibilants", by yours truly: academic.oup.com/jss/advance-...
academic.oup.com
Roey Schneider, The Semitic Sibilants: Correspondences and Discrepancies
Ola Wikander; Roey Schneider, The Semitic Sibilants: Correspondences and Discrepancies, Journal of Semitic Studies, , fgaf028, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 08/12/2025
If מִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת (Exod. and Deut. only) is a kneading trough, it’d be nice if it was cognate with שְׂאֹר (‘leaven’). But what’s happened to its sibilant? Loaned into Egyptian (where its lateral fricative went) & borrowed back? Feels a bit far-fetched, not least because it’s not attested in Egyptian (afaik).
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 03/12/2025
Related to Geez maʕār (*maʕar) and Amharic mar = ‘honey, honeycomb’?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 03/12/2025
Not sure how much weight I can reasonably put on this text:
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Peter Tarras @petertarras.bsky.social · 02/12/2025
As a little treat for you, here's an #ArabicBible Advent calendar 🧵. Every day I'll post a verse from the Christmas story from one of the oldest Arabic Gospel lectionaries, Sinai ar. 72, dated 897 CE (and a few other texts in between). [2nd attempt, I won't be offended if you point out my nonsense.]
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 02/12/2025
How come the construct of נְבֵלָה (‘carcass’) is נִבְלַת, and, possibly, of לְבֵנָה is לִבְנַת? I wondered if the constructs preserved an older form, since בְּרֵכָה corresponds to *birkat (e.g., بِرْكَة), but then בְּרֵכָה simply becomes בְּרֵכַת, so I don’t know.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 21/11/2025
Egyptian ḥmꜣ.t (‘salt’) as a cognate of the West Semitic *milḥ? Not dissimilar metathesis seems to be reflected in the borrowing of West Semitic *rumḥ (‘spear’) as *murḥ (hence Coptic ⲙⲉⲣ(ⲉ)ϩ).
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Safaitic @safaitic.bsky.social · 21/11/2025
#Updated on #OCIANA - The first Ancient South Arabian inscription from the Ḥarrah, from Zalaf, Syria! Was it carved by a North Arabian who learned the script or a wandering South Arabian trader? Impossible to know! But its irregularities tell a story. Find more: ociana.osu.edu/inscriptions...
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 21/11/2025
Egyptian ḥmꜣ.t (‘salt’) as a cognate of the West Semitic *milḥ? Not dissimilar metathesis seems to be reflected in the borrowing of West Semitic *rumḥ (‘spear’) as *murḥ (hence Coptic ⲙⲉⲣ(ⲉ)ϩ).
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 18/11/2025
A neat Masoretic note on II Sam. 13. Something like, שׁממה [occurs] three times (ג̇), twice defectively (ב̇ חָסֵר) and once fully (וחד מָלֵא). [Ordered by appearance], [the first is] ותשב תמר ושממה, [the second, which is plene]כי־רבים בני־שוממה מבני, [and the third] נתנני שממה.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 15/11/2025
Huehnergard’s excellent article on Hebrew nominal patterns classifies כֻּתֹּ֫נֶת as a *quttul-t form, which it may be, but is it better explained in light of the tendency for pre-tonic *u to prompt gemination (עָמוֹק/עֲמֻקִּים), since כֻּתֹּ֫נֶת isn’t geminated in (unstressed) construct forms (e.g., כְּתֹנֶת הַפַּסִּים)?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 12/11/2025
Idea for paper. List various Modern South Arabian borrowings from Arabic where a lateral fricative is effectively restored, such as in the case of šəmāl ⇒ śēməl(i) = ‘inland/north’. Entitle the paper ‘The Imputation of Śin’.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 12/11/2025
Idea for paper. List various Modern South Arabian borrowings from Arabic where a lateral fricative is effectively restored, such as in the case of šəmāl ⇒ śēməl(i) = ‘inland/north’. Entitle the paper ‘The Imputation of Śin’.
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 06/11/2025
Question. Do we have any record of Canaanite that can be shown to predate the Canaanite Shift?
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 05/11/2025
Question: Hoch has examples in (Egyptian) syllabic orthography of what appears to be *yomm (‘sea’) from the late 2nd millennium. How should these be explained? The effect of the Canaanite Shift on a stress-lengthened *a? Or the Phoenician Shift? (When does the latter date?)
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 05/11/2025
Question: Hoch has examples in (Egyptian) syllabic orthography of what appears to be *yomm (‘sea’) from the late 2nd millennium. How should these be explained? The effect of the Canaanite Shift on a stress-lengthened *a? Or the Phoenician Shift? (When does the latter date?)
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Lameen Souag @lameensouag.bsky.social · 01/11/2025
From a Songhay cultural group on Facebook: "Today, Friday, let us put our siblings who are in Sudan, and all the land of Sudan - especially Al Fashir, in Darfur - in our prayers: may God hold their hand in the situation they are in..."
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James Bejon @jamesbejon.bsky.social · 31/10/2025
Caught up with my brother last weekend, who now speaks pretty good Swahili. I was intrigued to discover that Swahili appends -Vw to verbal stems to make them statives, just like Ancient Egyptian. Anyone know of non-Bantu languages that do the same thing?
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