Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Published online: 11 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41580-026-00974-0Organoids are powerful tools for studying human development and disease mechanisms in vitro. This Review discusses their limitations and recent advances that increase their complexity to better mimic natural tissues, and the potential impact on therapeutic applications.

NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is defined by aberrant cytoplasmic localization of the mutant NPM1c protein, and therapeutic strategies targeting this specific disease remain limited. Here, ...