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![Case 1:25-md-03143-SHS-OTW Document 1977-1 Filed 09/17/26 Page 1 of 92
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
IN RE:
OpenAI, INC.,
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT LITIGATION
This Document Relates To:
1:23-cv-11195-SHS-OTW
1:24-cv-01515-SHS-OTW
1:24-cv-03285-SHS-OTW
1:24-cv-04872-SHS-OTW
1:25-cv-04315-SHS-OTW
25-md-3143 (SHS) (OTW)
NEWS PLAINTIFFS’ COMBINED SUMMARY JUDGMENT BRIEF
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I. Introduction
This case is about, as Microsoft’s Director of Applied Science put it, “an astonishing theft
of unprecedented proportions”; SF1437, perhaps the “largest theft of labor in human history.”
SF1652. Defendants repeatedly copied millions of Plaintiffs’ copyrighted articles in their entirety
without permission to produce substitutive commercial AI products. OpenAI’s Head of ChatGPT
wrote that “[p]ublishers” face an “existential threat” from those products, SF1466, which, he said,
“are largely substitutive, period” and “will get more and more substitutive as they get better.”
SF1473-74. Such admissions eviscerate Defendants’ “fair use” defense because substitution is
“copyright’s bête noire.” Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith, 598 U.S.
508, 528 (2023). For Defendants to prevail on this defense “would,” the same Microsoft executive
recognized, arguably “make a complete mockery of the idea of ‘fair use.’” SF1450
https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/News-orgs-v-OpenAI-Microsoft-Memo-9-17-26.pdf](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:cdfyjyki67a5fangqrjurna7/bafkreifyjmyvu7qalxdcdgajvy4a4m7dbmqkdmeb4phyxtzxcpmicwr6oa)