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Duncan Stephen

@duncanstephen.net
204 followers 432 following 48 posts

I lead teams and organisations to make human-centred decisions. Lead content designer and information architect at the Scottish Government. he/him duncanstephen.net

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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 27/09/2026
The LLM in the room — Going beyond using AI to do someone else’s job badly People mostly use artificial intelligence to do the jobs they didn’t value anyway. But this amounts to cutting our... duncanstephen.net/the-llm-in-the-ro…
duncanstephen.net
The LLM in the room — Going beyond using AI to do someone else’s job badly
People mostly use artificial intelligence to do the jobs they didn’t value anyway. But this amounts to cutting our colleagues out. Value must be created through human-to-human exchanges. So we should rapidly focus on uses of AI that go beyond trying to do someone else’s job badly.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Dan @dandoescontent.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
I've long argued that most orgs can't deliver fundamental UX transformation because they do not have controlled definitions of the things, names, properties and relationships in their operating domain. And that defining those will deliver far greater UX benefits than giving everyone Figma training.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 26/08/2026
Some human-centred practitioners have been consigned to increasingly superficial considerations. Artificial intelligence presents an opportunity for us to bring the focus back to the fundamentals that make our work important and successful.
duncanstephen.net
Understanding what we mean — Ontology in information architecture
Just as human-centred approaches as a whole have suffered from being flattened to a superficial layer, information architecture has suffered its own flattening. Ontology helps us deepen our practice and improve user experience by getting alignment around what we mean.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 26/08/2026
Understanding what we mean — Ontology in information architecture Just as human-centred approaches as a whole have suffered from being flattened to a superficial layer, information architecture has... duncanstephen.net/understanding-wha…
duncanstephen.net
Understanding what we mean — Ontology in information architecture
Just as human-centred approaches as a whole have suffered from being flattened to a superficial layer, information architecture has suffered its own flattening. Ontology helps us deepen our practice and improve user experience by getting alignment around what we mean.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 20/08/2026
This is password-protected as it describes gruesome medical events I have recently experienced. duncanstephen.net/seeing-over-...
duncanstephen.net
Seeing over the hill
Seeing over the hill
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 21/07/2026
The third horizon of human-centred approaches The way we work as human-centred practitioners needs to change. From its beginnings as an engineering technique, through its transition to being a product design tool, user... duncanstephen.net/the-third-horizon…
duncanstephen.net
The third horizon of human-centred approaches
The way we work as human-centred practitioners needs to change. From its beginnings as an engineering technique, through its transition to being a product design tool, user experience now needs to be adopted as a strategic approach.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 03/07/2026
Restoring the elements of user experience Some human-centred practitioners have been consigned to increasingly superficial considerations. Artificial intelligence presents an opportunity for us to bring the focus back to... duncanstephen.net/restoring-the-ele…
duncanstephen.net
Restoring the elements of user experience
Some human-centred practitioners have been consigned to increasingly superficial considerations. Artificial intelligence presents an opportunity for us to bring the focus back to the fundamentals that make our work important and successful.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 25/06/2026
Ethical personalisation of public services — Talk at Services Week We have developed a set of ethical personalisation principles to guide our early work to deliver personalised public services. I will... duncanstephen.net/ethical-personali…
duncanstephen.net
Ethical personalisation of public services — Talk at Services Week
We have developed a set of ethical personalisation principles to guide our early work to deliver personalised public services. I will present about this work as part of Services Week 2026.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 22/06/2026
Don’t make me thick We say “don’t make me think”, and “less is more”. But a naive application of these principles risks limiting our users when we should be helping them grow. duncanstephen.net/dont-make-me-thick
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Don’t make me thick
We say “don’t make me think”, and “less is more”. But a naive application of these principles risks limiting our users when we should be helping them grow.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 12/06/2026
Towering Inferno I don’t normally write about music any more, but I feel compelled to write about the new Boards of Canada album, Inferno. It has far exceeded my expectations. I can’t remember the last time I was so immediately hooked on an album —... duncanstephen.net/towering-inferno
duncanstephen.net
Towering Inferno
I don’t normally write about music any more, but I feel compelled to write about the new Boards of Canada album, Inferno. It has far exceeded my expectations. I can’t remember the last time I was so immediately hooked on an album — 15 or 20 years ago, or longer.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 26/05/2026
Grounding AI the webby way — Taxonomy Boot Camp London 2026 takeaways There was a heavy focus on artificial intelligence. But what really struck me was that the semantic approaches that are... duncanstephen.net/grounding-ai-the-…
duncanstephen.net
Grounding AI the webby way — Taxonomy Boot Camp London 2026 takeaways
There was a heavy focus on artificial intelligence. But what really struck me was that the semantic approaches that are preparing us for our AI future are well-established web standards that have been around for decades.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 21/05/2026
From answer engines to learning engines — Why fast answers are like fast food
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From answer engines to learning engines — Why fast answers are like fast food
People crave fast answers. But the purpose of information systems is to help people gain knowledge. So we should seek better questions.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 21/05/2026
From answer engines to learning engines — Why fast answers are like fast food
duncanstephen.net
From answer engines to learning engines — Why fast answers are like fast food
People crave fast answers. But the purpose of information systems is to help people gain knowledge. So we should seek better questions.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 21/05/2026
From answer engines to learning engines — Why fast answers are like fast food People crave fast answers. But the purpose of information systems is to help people gain knowledge. So we... duncanstephen.net/from-answer-engin…
duncanstephen.net
From answer engines to learning engines — Why fast answers are like fast food
People crave fast answers. But the purpose of information systems is to help people gain knowledge. So we should seek better questions.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 26/04/2026
Working with custom content types in WordPress
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Working with custom content types in WordPress
Different ways of working with custom content types in WordPress, and the pros and cons of each.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 25/03/2026
For the past month, we have been running events showcasing the opportunities of connected content and information architecture. The response to these sessions has far exceeded my expectations.
duncanstephen.net
Making connections with connected content
For the past month, we have been running events showcasing the opportunities of connected content and information architecture. The response to these sessions has far exceeded my expectations.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 02/03/2026
I am pleased to be involved in organising a series of learning sessions about connected content and information architecture. This series is available to colleagues working in the public sector. The first sessions are this week.
duncanstephen.net
Connected content learning sessions for public sector colleagues
I am pleased to be involved in organising a series of learning sessions about connected content and information architecture. This series is available to colleagues working in the public sector. The first sessions are this week.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 25/02/2026
Speaking about the meaning of public services at World IA Day London 2026 I will be speaking at [World IA Day London 2026]( an online event about information architecture. This is for anyone who works with information or cares about about how it is organised and understood.
duncanstephen.net
Speaking about the meaning of public services at World IA Day London 2026
I will be speaking at [World IA Day London 2026]( an online event about information architecture. This is for anyone who works with information or cares about about how it is organised and understood.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 23/02/2026
Modern artificial intelligence tools are largely rooted in text-based interactions. But history shows us that AI will have to go beyond text if it’s going to become relevant.
duncanstephen.net
Words and pictures in the history of user experience and the future of artificial intelligence
Modern artificial intelligence tools are largely rooted in text-based interactions. But the history of user experience, information and even humanity shows us that AI will have to go beyond text if it’s going to become relevant.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 19/01/2026
Seeing what’s in between as well as what is — in information architecture and in the way organisations work.
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Perceiving relationships gives glue people the edge
Seeing what’s in between as well as what is — in information architecture and in the way organisations work.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 29/12/2025
I was hit from behind by a bus
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I was hit from behind by a bus
For me, 2024 was an extraordinary year of milestone moments and major achievements. It was all overshadowed by one negative event in the summer that I had not received closure on. A year and a half on, I have only just reached something resembling a resolution.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 09/12/2025
Organisational structures and information architectures are both often visualised in artefacts described as “maps”. These constrained visualisations may embed siloed ways of working, and create problems for our users.
duncanstephen.net
Resisting Conway’s law through more thoughtful mapping
Organisational structures and information architectures are both often visualised in artefacts described as “maps”. These constrained visualisations may embed siloed ways of working, and create problems for our users.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Pavel @spavel.bsky.social · 23/11/2025
We are told: the product now has Gemini. We added Rufus. You can talk to Bixby. We've integrated Alice. Chat with Poob. Log on to Poob right now. Poob has it for you. Poob has it for you. Poob has it for you. ⸻ We are never told "so what." Even the teams working on these products don't know anymore.
productpicnic.beehiiv.com
When teams don't understand their own product
A usable product starts with the conceptual model, but designers have "optimized" that work out of the profession. It's time to bring it back.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 01/11/2025
Recently I had to intensively research a couple of topics involving potential purchase decisions. My experience was utterly miserable.
duncanstephen.net
How did we let the web get this bad?
Recently I had to intensively research a couple of topics involving potential purchase decisions. My experience was utterly miserable.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 02/10/2025
The ideas behind agile tend to be squashed down to two words: “move fast”. But the Agile Manifesto says nothing about moving fast.
duncanstephen.net
The forgotten purpose of agile — Empowered teams responding to change
The ideas behind agile tend to be squashed down to two words: “move fast”. But the Agile Manifesto says nothing about moving fast.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 02/10/2025
The ideas behind agile tend to be squashed down to two words: “move fast”. But the Agile Manifesto says nothing about moving fast.
duncanstephen.net
The forgotten purpose of agile — Empowered teams responding to change
The ideas behind agile tend to be squashed down to two words: “move fast”. But the Agile Manifesto says nothing about moving fast.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 26/09/2025
I have had to make some behind-the-scenes changes to this website. In the process, I am planning to make it more interoperable with the fediverse and indieweb standards — and I am sticking with WordPress.
duncanstephen.net
Autonomy, independence, federation, WordPress and concrete
I have had to make some behind-the-scenes changes to this website. In the process, I am planning to make it more interoperable with the fediverse and indieweb standards — and I am sticking with WordPress.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Tim Krief @timkrief.com · 16/09/2025
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 11/08/2025
The folder metaphor so intuitive to generations of computer users that they can struggle to think of any other way of using a computer. Yet for younger generations, the idea is completely alien.
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Life beyond the folder system
The folder metaphor so intuitive to generations of computer users that they can struggle to think of any other way of using a computer. Yet for younger generations, the idea is completely alien.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 17/07/2025
One of the most powerful methods in information architecture and user experience is also one of the least well-known. The top tasks method uses a single survey question that tells you exactly what matters most to your users.
duncanstephen.net
Top tasks survey — One weird trick to improve information architecture and user experience
One of the most powerful methods in information architecture and user experience is also one of the least well-known. The top tasks method uses a single survey question that tells you exactly what matters most to your users. I find it so effective that I’m amazed more people haven’t used it.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 26/06/2025
Services are verbs combined with nouns
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Services are verbs combined with nouns
Information architecture normally focuses on the objects that need to be represented in a system. Some human-centred practitioners focus instead on the tasks users need to do. These approaches are sometimes framed in opposition. But combining these techniques can make services and systems easier to use as well as more efficient to manage.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 02/05/2025
Amid technology-focused hype cycles, the job of human-centred practitioners is to remind everyone: the main reason people use technology is to enhance our connections with other humans in the real world.
duncanstephen.net
Keeping it real in the age of artificial intelligence
Amid technology-focused hype cycles, the job of human-centred practitioners is to remind everyone: the main reason people use technology is to enhance our connections with other humans in the real world.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Jon Vernon @onlyindevon.co.uk · 21/04/2025
Sorry for venting but another example today of how What3Words have engineered an over reliance on their platform in UK emergency services. Came across a car which was up on the verge at a strange angle, obviously not parked - 3 cars ahead of us drove past it but experience makes me always check.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 09/04/2025
The pain in a name — Is information architecture right to call itself architecture? I have long felt uneasy about modern occupations associating themselves with high-status traditional professions.
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The pain in a name — Is information architecture right to call itself architecture?
I have long felt uneasy about modern occupations associating themselves with high-status traditional professions. This has been brought into sharp focus for me since I started a role last year focusing heavily on information architecture, to the annoyance of my wife Alex, who is an actual architect.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 09/04/2025
The pain in a name — Is information architecture right to call itself architecture? I have long felt uneasy about modern occupations associating themselves with high-status traditional professions.
duncanstephen.net
The pain in a name — Is information architecture right to call itself architecture?
I have long felt uneasy about modern occupations associating themselves with high-status traditional professions. This has been brought into sharp focus for me since I started a role last year focusing heavily on information architecture, to the annoyance of my wife Alex, who is an actual architect.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 25/02/2025
There are several benefits of building a content model in an object-oriented way. This post walks through those benefits, and demonstrates a real-life example of how this approach works on a well-known website. duncanstephen.net/object-orien...
duncanstephen.net
Object-oriented approaches in action
There are several benefits of building a content model in an object-oriented way. This post walks through those benefits, and demonstrates a real-life example of how this approach works on a well-know...
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 17/02/2025
How we are following an object-oriented approach to structuring information Decades-old approaches are being brought up to date with new techniques to create a robust way of structuring content to enable reuse and make content management more efficient.
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How we are following an object-oriented approach to structuring information
Decades-old approaches are being brought up to date with new techniques to create a robust way of structuring content to enable reuse and make content management more efficient.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 10/02/2025
We are understanding the opportunities that can be provided by better structuring our information. We are using a variety of robust information architecture techniques, including an increasingly popular method called object-oriented user experience (OOUX)
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The object of information architecture
In my job at the Scottish Government, we are understanding the opportunities that can be provided by following an object-oriented approach to structuring our information.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 04/02/2025
There’s no such thing as a technology problem
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There’s no such thing as a technology problem
Information has become the forgotten half in “information technology”. Tech companies are struggling because they aren’t focusing on the human problems they need to solve.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 12/01/2025
A plea for the lost practice of information architecture — Vicky Teinaki
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A plea for the lost practice of information architecture — Vicky Teinaki
I was sad to learn earlier that ( Vicky had been a designer for a few different government departments and public sector organisations. I didn't know her well. But I have read her blog posts for years, and I was delighted to encounter her in meetings about structured information since I joined the civil service a few months ago. I was struck by how she demonstrated both fresh thinking and wisdom.
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Frontend Dogma @frontenddogma.com · 24/12/2024
Don’t Hide Skip Links, by @ozewai.bsky.social:
ozewai.org
Don’t Hide Skip Links
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Reposted by Duncan Stephen
Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 04/12/2024
Information grade — Potentially useful concept
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Information grade — Potentially useful concept
A perspective on the similarities and differences between information, data, content and knowledge.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 04/12/2024
Information grade — Potentially useful concept
duncanstephen.net
Information grade — Potentially useful concept
A perspective on the similarities and differences between information, data, content and knowledge.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 29/11/2024
I found some very vintage but surprisingly pristine litter in Morningside a few weeks ago. duncanstephen.net/photos/very-...
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Very vintage but surprisingly pristine litter
I found some very vintage but surprisingly pristine litter in Morningside a few weeks ago.
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 16/11/2024
The best way to follow me is through my website: duncanstephen.net RSS feed: duncanstephen.net/feed/
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Duncan Stephen
Human-centred decisions
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 16/11/2024
Our flag in the sand — How to escape the desert of user needs by integrating agile and user experience duncanstephen.net/our-flag-in-...
duncanstephen.net
Our flag in the sand — How to escape the desert of user needs by integrating agile and user experience
I have long been an advocate of agile ways of working. One of the things that originally drew me to user experience was the opportunity to have evidence-based ways of understanding the changes you nee...
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Duncan Stephen @duncanstephen.net · 24/08/2015
Man down – How I injured myself in a daft cycling accident Now that I am living and working in Edinburgh, I have decided to take up cycling. Unfortunately, I have already managed to injure myself on my bike. duncanstephen.net/man-down-how-i-in…
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Man down – How I injured myself in a daft cycling accident
Now that I am living and working in Edinburgh, I have decided to take up cycling. Unfortunately, I have already managed to injure myself on my bike.
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