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Colton Casto

@coltoncasto.bsky.social
246 followers 270 following 51 posts

PhD student at Harvard/MIT interested in neuroscience, language, AI | @kempnerinstitute.bsky.social @mitbcs.bsky.social | previously Princeton neuro | coltoncasto.github.io

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Reposted by Colton Casto
Tal Golan @talgolanneuro.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
How can we design experiments that make computational models disagree? One section of our new @natrevneuro.nature.com Review with @kriegeskorte.bsky.social and @heikoschuett.bsky.social examines studies that used stimulus sets designed to elicit distinct predictions from competing models. 1/16
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Cory Shain @coryshain.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
Now out in @natcomms.nature.com w/ @evfedorenko.bsky.social: across many people (>1k) and tasks (>300), the the brain's language network reliably shows up in the functional connectome (correlated activity in fMRI). 1/
Screen capture of abstract of published article.

Title: A language network in the individualized functional connectomes of 1199 human brains doing arbitrary tasks

Abstract: A century and a half of neuroscience has yielded many divergent theories of the neurobiology of language. Two factors that likely contribute to this situation include (a) conceptual disagreement about language and its component processes, and (b) intrinsic inter-individual variability in the topography of language areas. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of small numbers of intensively scanned individuals have argued that a language-selective brain network emerges bottom-up from correlations (individualized functional connectomics, iFC) in task-free (e.g., rest) or task-regressed activation timecourses. Here we tested this hypothesis at scale and evaluated its practical utility for task-agnostic language localization: we apply iFC separately to each of 1,957 (fMRI) scanning sessions (1...
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Minds, Machines, and Brains (MMB) @mmb-journal.bsky.social · 02/08/2026
Hello world! 👋 We’re Minds, Machines, and Brains (MMB) 👤🤖🧠 a new open access journal from @mitpress.bsky.social exploring the principles of intelligence and cognition across natural and artificial minds. Submissions open this Fall! 🔗 direct.mit.edu/mmb
direct.mit.edu
Minds, Machines, and Brains | MIT Press
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Reza Shadmehr @rezashadmehr.bsky.social · 28/07/2026
If an action results in error, each neuron requires an individualized teaching signal that guides change in its output. This is the credit assignment problem of learning. Are there neurons in the brain that can compute such a sophisticated teaching signal? Yes. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
biorxiv.org
Climbing fibers encode the gradient of a loss function for the cerebellum
Neurons in the brain are often many synapses away from motoneurons, yet if a movement results in error, each distant neuron needs a teacher that considers its specific contribution to production of th...
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Badr AlKhamissi @bkhmsi.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
🚨 New Preprint! 🧠 We gave an AI model one simple rule: rearrange your neurons so that nearby ones respond alike. We never told it what a face, a voice, or a sentence was. It grew brain-like maps for all three anyway. 🧵👇 🌐 Website: topo-omni.epfl.ch
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Rui Xu @rui-xu.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
New preprint as my first post! "Monosynaptic connections link functionally similar regions in human cortex." We use electrical stimulation + fMRI in epilepsy patients to map whole-brain monosynaptic connectivity at 42 cortical sites. doi.org/10.64898/202... 1/n
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Evan Gordon @gordonneuro.bsky.social · 22/04/2026
I always assumed that brain function had to line up with cytoarchitectonics. It turns out I was wrong. Human cortex, especially PFC, is tiled by chains of functional patches that subdivide and interlink architectonic areas into parallel processing streams. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
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Rodrigo Braga @rodbraga.bsky.social · 31/03/2026
Our new paper on brain networks engaged during imagining is out now in Neuron! Here is a download link (free for 50 days): authors.elsevier.com/c/1msNE3BtfH... Congratulations to Nate Anderson for leading this work @rementurus.bsky.social 🧵
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Josh McDermott @joshhmcdermott.bsky.social · 13/03/2026
Excited to announce a new paper from our lab, by Ian Griffith @iangriffith.bsky.social with help from Preston Hess @phess2.bsky.social, introducing a model of attentional selection. www.nature.com/articles/s41... @mitbcs.bsky.social @mitscience.bsky.social Here is a summary. (1/n)
nature.com
Optimized feature gains explain and predict successes and failures of human selective listening - Nature Human Behaviour
Griffith et al. show that human-like auditory attentional strategies naturally arise from the optimization of feature gains for selective listening.
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Edvard I Moser @edvardmoser.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
Is spatial navigation innate 🧠? Using #NeuroPixels we show that the #torus 🍩 underlying the #GridCell map exists already on day 10 in rats — before pups open eyes and ears and before they start upright walking. 🧵1:4 👇 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
biorxiv.org
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Colton Casto @coltoncasto.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
Really great work demonstrating the importance of task-based responses in characterizing the functional organization of the brain. Congrats to @carobellum.bsky.social and the rest of the team!
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David G. Clark @david-g-clark.bsky.social · 04/03/2026
I am totally pumped about this new work . "Task-trained RNNs" are a powerful and influential framework in neuroscience, but have lacked a firm theoretical footing. This work provides one, and makes direct contact with the classical theory of random RNNs: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
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Manasi Malik @manasimalik.bsky.social · 26/02/2026
Excited to share new work on how the brain makes social inferences from visual input! 🧠👯‍♂️ (With @lisik.bsky.social , @shariliu.bsky.social, @tianminshu.bsky.social , and Minjae Kim!) www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
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Jörn Diedrichsen @diedrichsenjorn.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Language areas in the cerebellar mapped by @coltoncasto.bsky.social: www.thetransmitter.org/language/cer... Very consistent with @carobellum.bsky.social functional atlas, but providing deeper details. By now the "terra incognita" of the cerebellum isn't so "incognita" anymore!
thetransmitter.org
Cerebellum responds to language like cortical areas
One of four language-responsive cerebellar regions may encode meaningful information, much like the cortical language network in the left hemisphere, according to a new study.
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Colton Casto @coltoncasto.bsky.social · 06/02/2026
So great to chat with @thetransmitter.bsky.social about our findings :)
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Eghbal Hosseini @eghbal-hosseini.bsky.social · 04/02/2026
How do diverse context structures reshape representations in LLMs? In our new work, we explore this via representational straightening. We found LLMs are like a Swiss Army knife: they select different computational mechanisms reflected in different representational structures. 1/
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Colton Casto @coltoncasto.bsky.social · 02/02/2026
Thanks to @kempnerinstitute.bsky.social for highlighting our new study! I'm excited to see where this research will take us in the years to come :)
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Cell Press @cellpress.bsky.social · 22/01/2026
"The cerebellar components of the human language network" www.cell.com/neuron/fullt... @coltoncasto.bsky.social, Evelina Fedorenko & colleagues @cp-neuron.bsky.social
Casto et al. systematically examine language-res ponsive regions of the cerebellum with precision fMRI. They find one region that closely resembles the neocortical language network in its selectivity for language and response to linguistic manipulations. They also find three mixed-sele ctive regions that respond to language but also to non-linguistic inputs.
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Neuron @cp-neuron.bsky.social · 22/01/2026
dlvr.it
The cerebellar components of the human language network
Casto et al. systematically examine language-responsive regions of the cerebellum with precision fMRI. They find one region that closely resembles the neocortical language network in its selectivity for language and response to linguistic manipulations. They also find three mixed-selective regions that respond to language but also to non-linguistic inputs.
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Ev Fedorenko @evfedorenko.bsky.social · 22/01/2026
Could not be more excited about Colton's @coltoncasto.bsky.social work! A deep dive into the linguistic cerebellum, and a discovery of an area remarkably functionally similar to the core left-hemisphere language areas, including in its selectivity for language. Go Colton and team!
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Colton Casto @coltoncasto.bsky.social · 22/01/2026
The cerebellum supports high-level language?? Now out in @cp-neuron.bsky.social, we systematically examined language-responsive areas of the cerebellum using precision fMRI and identified a *cerebellar satellite* of the neocortical language network! authors.elsevier.com/a/1mUU83BtfH... 1/n 🧵👇
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Sam Gershman @gershbrain.bsky.social · 09/01/2026
With some trepidation, I'm putting this out into the world: gershmanlab.com/textbook.html It's a textbook called Computational Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience, which I wrote for my class. My hope is that this will be a living document, continuously improved as I get feedback.
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Andrew Lampinen @lampinen.bsky.social · 16/12/2025
Why isn’t modern AI built around principles from cognitive science or neuroscience? Starting a substack (infinitefaculty.substack.com/p/why-isnt-m...) by writing down my thoughts on that question: as part of a first series of posts giving my current thoughts on the relation between these fields. 1/3
infinitefaculty.substack.com
Why isn’t modern AI built around principles from cognitive science?
First post in a series on cognitive science and AI
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Tamar Regev @tamaregev.bsky.social · 15/12/2025
New preprint on prosody in the brain! tinyurl.com/2ndswjwu HeeSoKim NiharikaJhingan SaraSwords @hopekean.bsky.social @coltoncasto.bsky.social JenniferCole @evfedorenko.bsky.social Prosody areas are distinct from pitch, speech, and multiple-demand areas, and partly overlap with lang+social areas→🧵
tinyurl.com
A distinct set of brain areas process prosody--the melody of speech
Human speech carries information beyond the words themselves: pitch, loudness, duration, and pauses--jointly referred to as 'prosody'--emphasize critical words, help group words into phrases, and conv...
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Ruimin Gao 高睿敏 @ruimingao.bsky.social · 08/12/2025
A left frontal-temporal network selectively supports language comprehension and production. Are computations in this language network driven primarily by bottom-up input, or by top-down task demands? 🧵👇 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
biorxiv.org
The language network responds robustly to sentences across diverse tasks
A network of left frontal and temporal brain areas supports language comprehension and production, implementing computations related to word retrieval and combinatorial linguistic processing. Here, we...
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Anna (Anya) Ivanova @neuranna.bsky.social · 26/11/2025
Neuroscience of language has a dilemma: how do we reconcile extensive patient and imaging evidence for **language-specific** processing with the fact that naturalistic language evokes extensive activity all over the brain? We propose a framework that accounts for both.
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Colton Casto @coltoncasto.bsky.social · 26/11/2025
What does it mean to understand language? We argue that the brain’s core language system is limited, and that *deeply* understanding language requires EXPORTING info to other brain regions. w/ @neuranna.bsky.social @evfedorenko.bsky.social @nancykanwisher.bsky.social arxiv.org/abs/2511.19757 1/n🧵👇
arxiv.org
What does it mean to understand language?
Language understanding entails not just extracting the surface-level meaning of the linguistic input, but constructing rich mental models of the situation it describes. Here we propose that because pr...
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Alexander Huth @alexanderhuth.bsky.social · 18/08/2025
New paper with @rjantonello.bsky.social @csinva.bsky.social, Suna Guo, Gavin Mischler, Jianfeng Gao, & Nima Mesgarani: We use LLMs to generate VERY interpretable embeddings where each dimension corresponds to a scientific theory, & then use these embeddings to predict fMRI and ECoG. It WORKS!
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Rodrigo Braga @rodbraga.bsky.social · 05/08/2025
🚨 New Preprint 🚨 Targeting intracranial electrical stimulation (ES) to network regions defined within individuals causes network-level effects By Cyr et al. *** Q: Can we use individualized network maps from precision fMRI to modulate a targeted network via intracranial ES? A: Yes! 🧵:
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Alexander Huth @alexanderhuth.bsky.social · 01/08/2025
New paper with @mujianing.bsky.social & @prestonlab.bsky.social! We propose a simple model for human memory of narratives: we uniformly sample incoming information at a constant rate. This explains behavioral data much better than variable-rate sampling triggered by event segmentation or surprisal.
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Vivian Paulun @vivianpaulun.bsky.social · 01/08/2025
Super excited to share our new article: “Dissociable cortical regions represent things and stuff in the human brain” with @nancykanwisher.bsky.social, @rtpramod.bsky.social and @joshtenenbaum.bsky.social Video abstract: www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0XR... Paper: authors.elsevier.com/a/1lWxv3QW8S...
youtube.com
Things and Stuff: How the brain distinguishes oozing fluids from solid objects
YouTube video by McGovern Institute
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Sam Nastase @samnastase.bsky.social · 07/07/2025
Check out Zaid's open "Podcast" ECoG dataset for natural language comprehension (w/ Hasson Lab). The paper is now out at Scientific Data (nature.com/articles/s41...) and the data are available on OpenNeuro (openneuro.org/datasets/ds0...).
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ammar i marvi @aimarvi.bsky.social · 22/04/2025
**ecstatic** to share our @iclr-conf.bsky.social paper: sparse components distinguish visual pathways & their alignment to neural networks, with @nancykanwisher.bsky.social and meenakshi khosla (openreview.net/forum?id=IqH...) 1/n
openreview.net
Sparse components distinguish visual pathways & their alignment to...
The ventral, dorsal, and lateral streams in high-level human visual cortex are implicated in distinct functional processes. Yet, deep neural networks (DNNs) trained on a single task model the...
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Simon Fisher @profsimonfisher.bsky.social · 21/04/2025
"With precision fMRI, we identify cerebellar regions that respond to language across modalities, one supporting semantic processing, the other three integrating info from diverse neocortical regions." Elegant work by @evfedorenko.bsky.social lab, with 🧵 from lead author @coltoncasto.bsky.social. 🧪
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Colton Casto @coltoncasto.bsky.social · 21/04/2025
New paper! 🧠 **The cerebellar components of the human language network** with: @hsmall.bsky.social @moshepoliak.bsky.social @gretatuckute.bsky.social @benlipkin.bsky.social @awolna.bsky.social @aniladmello.bsky.social and @evfedorenko.bsky.social www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... 1/n 🧵
biorxiv.org
The cerebellar components of the human language network
The cerebellum's capacity for neural computation is arguably unmatched. Yet despite evidence of cerebellar contributions to cognition, including language, its precise role remains debated. Here, we sy...
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Agata Wolna @awolna.bsky.social · 03/04/2025
Excited to share new work on the language system! Using a large fMRI dataset (n=772) we comprehensively search for language-selective regions across the brain. w/ Aaron Wright, @benlipkin.bsky.social, and @evfedorenko.bsky.social Link to the preprint: biorxiv.org/content/10.1... Thread below!👇🧵
biorxiv.org
The extended language network: Language selective brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered
Although language neuroscience has largely focused on core left frontal and temporal brain areas and their right-hemisphere homotopes, numerous other areas - cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar - ha...
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