How to measure the economic impact of any intelligence activity is a highly complex task, and there are no comparative standards so far. But I guess a figure like £2.5bn indicates the scale of the threat, at least. giftarticle.ft.com/giftarticle/...
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Russian hostile activity costs UK up to £2.5bn a year, report warns
Labour MP Graeme Downie’s research highlights lack of consistent framework for measuring economic impact of Moscow-backed hybrid warfare