Biologists often wish to explain why one trait is more common than its alternatives among species in a clade: is it due to asymmetries in diversification or character evolution processes? State-depend...

Community disassembly examines how extinctions reshape ecological communities. Here, we introduce the community disassembly graph, which uses invasion growth rates (IGRs) to identify extinction-drive....

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

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Abstract. Evolutionary innovations bring species into new ecological zones by opening ecological opportunity. However, innovations can have varied effects

Troyer et al. examine lower jaw evolution in Silurian-Devonian bony fishes and find substantial differences in patterns of morphological disparity, rates of shape evolution, and functional diversity b...

Large teeth and highly protrusible jaws are two feeding innovations that have evolved in fishes. High-speed videography and comparative phylogenetic analyses indicate that they are incompatible with e...