Abstract. The vast majority of plants form mycorrhizal symbioses. The ecological importance of these mutualistic interactions has sparked interest in their

Insects rely on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and defence. Analysing a large dataset of microbe–insect symbioses, the authors show that symbiosis evolved in response to nutrient deficiencies but it...

Gut microbiomes are central to host ecology and evolution, yet the mechanisms driv-ing their diversification remain elusive, partly because host evolution and biogeography are often confounded. The re...

Abstract. How host-associated microbial communities evolve as their hosts diversify remains equivocal: how conserved is their composition? What was the com

Abstract. Little is known about how zoonotic virus infections manifest in wildlife reservoirs. However, a common health consequence of enteric virus infect

Speciation, the process by which new reproductively isolated species emerge from ancestral populations, results from the gradual accumulation of barriers to gene flow within genomes. To date, the noti...

Genetic diversity and speciation rate support adaptability and species richness patterns, respectively. Here, the authors find a negative association between mitochondrial genetic diversity and specia...

Fungus lives within cyanobacterial sheaths in a thallus-forming symbiosis, named “phyllosymbia.”