At Arc, we believe virtual cell models can fill a critical gap: predicting the effects of genetic mutations, environmental changes, and small molecule treatments in biological systems we cannot readil...

Microbial genomes encode compact molecular machines and diverse non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) essential to gene regulation, pathogenesis, and many foundational biotechnologies. However, annotation remains ...

Arc Institute is an independent nonprofit research organization headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

Large-scale CRISPR dependency mapping reveals 1,000+ genes that modify cellular outcomes to DNA damage response drugs. Loss of PRDX1, acting through a PAX7–MRGBP–IREB2 pathway, broadly sensitized cell...

The flow of electrons is essential for life. To sustain metabolic flux, organisms efficiently transfer electrons to terminal electron acceptors, which range from inorganic nutrients to intracellularly...

Hypoxia disrupts mitochondrial respiration and increases the NADH/NAD+ ratio, causing reductive stress. To maintain redox homeostasis, mammalian cells divert electrons toward fermentation. While ferme...

Life as we know it depends on the flow of electrons. From single-celled organisms to human neurons, the thermodynamics of this energy flow remain the same: fuel oxidation strips electrons from nutrien...

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Yang et al. demonstrate that chronic stress accelerates glioma growth by inducing bone-marrow-derived C5aR1+ stress-associated macrophages (SAMs) in tumor-bearing mice. Stress-induced sympathetic nerv...

Spatial Hi-C-RNA simultaneously maps genome architecture and gene expression from the same tissue, revealing how spatial genome organization shapes cellular identity, development, and tumor evolution ...

Higher-order chromatin structure and DNA methylation are critical for gene regulation, but how these vary across the human body remains unclear. We performed multiomic profiling of three-dimensional (...

Each cell in our body inherits the same DNA, yet becomes one of hundreds of cell types. We make immune cells that hunt down viruses, brain cells that pattern our memories, and pacemaker cells that gen...

The challenge, hosted by Arc Institute at virtualcellchallenge.org and sponsored by NVIDIA, 10x Genomics, and Ultima Genomics, is focused on a fundamental challenge in biology. Entrants will use AI mo...

The Virtual Cell Challenge returns in 2026 with a more demanding test of biological generalization: zero-shot prediction across multiple independent cellular contexts. Participants will build models t...

The challenge, hosted by Arc Institute at virtualcellchallenge.org and sponsored by NVIDIA, 10x Genomics, and Ultima Genomics, is focused on a fundamental challenge in biology. Entrants will use AI mo...

Registration for the 2026 Virtual Cell Challenge is open at virtualcellchallenge.org. This year the task is zero-shot: we are not releasing a training set, and the evaluation dataset is far more expan...

Four years ago, John Pluvinage was a neurology resident at UCSF trying to solve one patient's mystery: a 67-year-old woman whose memory and ability to walk were declining, whose bloodwork kept coming ...

This Article demonstrates that direct preference optimization (DPO) can be used to effectively align an unsupervised structure-conditioned language model with biophysical information. The aligned mode...

Programmable biology has arrived in a few different ways, each time defined by a new type of RNA-guided mechanism: RNA interference, then CRISPR systems for programmable cutting of nucleic acids. More...

Cryo-electron microscopy structures show how IS621 bridge recombinase mediates DNA excision, explaining its natural preference for insertion and informing the design of programmable bridge-editing tec...