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The First Juneteenth: Black Churches, Reconstruction Politics, and the Houston Origins of June 19 Celebrations
Freedmen’s Celebration,” Houston Daily Evening Star, June 20, 1866. Photograph by author from copy preserved in the Texas Newspaper Collection at the Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Professor W. Caleb McDaniel provides us this essay on the first Juneteenth celebration. On June 19, 1866, several thousand Black Texans filled the streets of Houston for the first “celebration of the anniversary of their freedom.” That morning, according to newspaper reports, the crowds assembled on a city block in the Fourth Ward, where Black Methodists had recently erected a church. Waving US flags and banners of red, white, and blue, they paraded through the center of town, led by two ministers: Elias Dibble as president and Sandy Parker as marshal.