Past by-elections major parties did not contest
Southend West (after murder of David Amess)
Cons re-elected on 86% (+27) turnout of 24%
Batley 2016 (after murder of Jo Cox)
Labour re-elected on 86% (+43); turnout of 24%
Haltemprice 2008 (resignation)
Davis re-elected on 72% (+24); turnout 34.5%
