Experiments in Arabidopsis demonstrate that group VII ethylene response factors show differential responses to different stimuli, enabling plants in flood-prone environments to adapt to both submergence-induced hypoxia and reoxygenation upon desubmergence.

Hypoxia sensing via the Cys/Arg branch of the N-degron pathway (Cys-NDP) is central for flooding responses in plants, yet how evolutionary and ecological factors have shaped the core oxygen sensing me...