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Sue

@sueinscotland.bsky.social
262 followers 54 following 160 posts

Lichens, botany, gardening, anything that sparks my curiosity

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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
A London-based landowner is putting the iconic Glenelg to Skye ferry at risk. Support the local community - not millionaire financiers - and save the world famous Glenelg to Skye ferry by joining me and signing the petition today: you.38degrees.org.uk/petitions/sa...
you.38degrees.org.uk
Save the Glenelg - Skye ferry!
This ten minute crossing is famous around the world - and is believed to be the last turntable style ferry anywhere. It's an iconic part of Skye's history, but it's under threat thanks to a wealthy la...
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 20/07/2026
Microsoft planning to build three massive AI data centres in Leeds. It’ll drain thousands of litres of water from the River Aire and become the city's biggest carbon emitter. We can still stop the council's final sign-off, but we need more voices. Add your name: you.38degrees.org.uk/petitions/pr...
you.38degrees.org.uk
Stop the Microsoft AI megasite in Leeds!
Microsoft wants to build three huge AI data centres at Skelton Grange. It would drain the River Aire and become the city's biggest carbon emitter. We can still stop it - add your name to the petition.
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 28/06/2026
While looking at Centaurea montana in my garden, I was puzzled to see clusters of flies(Diptera) on the receptacle and phyllaries under the dead flower heads. Unlike the bees which went for the open flowers. On some their proboscis was out and going along the edges of the phyllaries...1/2
Bee on flowerheadCluster of flies beneath flowerhead.
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Science Featured @sciencefeatured.bsky.social · 26/02/2026
A remarkable compound from forest lichens, gyrophoric acid, blocks harmful amyloid-beta clump formation and rapidly breaks down existing aggregates—key drivers of Alzheimer’s brain damage. scft.link/oYdBU
scft.link
Forest Organism Holds Secret to Slowing Alzheimer’s Damage | Science Featured Series
Bringing attention to one of the most challenging brain diseases today, Alzheimer’s continues to affect millions of people worldwide with memory loss, confu ...
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Trevor Heywood @metroscapes.ca · 24/10/2025
There are 110 other posts in the vicinity and I took a closer look at about 40 of them. The original one I noticed still happened to be the best in my opinion, in terms of "terrain" and diversity.
A selection of 24 wooden post tops with varying degrees of wood decomposition and moss / lichen growth.
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Caz Walker @northernhills.bsky.social · 05/09/2025
This is wonderful. I'd give my right arm to have had such an opportunity in the past. Share far and wide please. #lichengbi #lichen #lichens
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Graham Featherstone @mothman60.bsky.social · 04/09/2025
Today i noticed a thallus of Hypogymnia with yellow patches.I presumed a fungal attack, however a friend has suggested Usnic acid leachate 🤔🤔
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 17/07/2025
Found a big stand of Hybrid Woundwort (Stachys x ambigua) which is a cross between Hedge Woundwort (Stachys sylvatica) and Marsh Woundwort (Stachys palustris). Later in the walk I found the 2 parents. Comparison photos show all 3, L to R: Marsh, Hybrid, Hedge.
Pink spikes of Hybrid Woundwort flowers with grass, Valerian and Hogweed in the backgoundClose up of pink flowers of Hybrid Woundwort with a grass head alongside (Yorkshire Fog, Holcus lanatus)3 Woundworts in a row.  Left to right: Marsh, Hybrid, HedgeComparison of flowers and leaves of Woundworts. Left to right: Marsh, Hybrid, Hedge The flowers get darker left to right and the leaves get wider and their stalks longer
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 25/06/2025
More from the garden fence. Another light brown crustose thallus but with a few apothecia. Puzzled over this one as not many spores. It keyed out as Lecanora conizaeoides which used to be really common in UK but is now much rarer according to Dobson. ID confirmed by Brian Coppins. #lichenGBI 1/2
2 photos of a light brown  thallus on wood. A 10 cm ruler for scale. Text:
Thallus 2 – fawn, crustose, areolate, granular with a few apothecia.  10cm x 2 cm along grain
Close up view of crustose thallus showing apothecia.
Text:
Thallus 2 – fawn, crustose, areolate, granular with a few apothecia.  10cm x 2 cm along grain
Picture of crowded apothecia. 
Text:
Apothecial diameter, 0.6-0.7mm
Green photobiont visible in margins, lecanorine
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 25/06/2025
We recently removed some of an old (pine) fence and as well as gaining some firewood, I acquired plenty of lichen samples to play with. So far, I have identified 2 of the crustose ones. First up is Hypocenomyce scalaris. No apothecia on my sample but unmistakeable C+red reaction #lichensGBI 1/2
An old wooden fence in the process of being reduced5 pieces of wood with crustose lichens growing on them.  Don't you just love it when you can take the piece of wood instead of having to try and cut a sample off!A light brown crustose lichen with a 10 cm ruler in the photo for scale. The thallus is about 20cm by 5cm in sizeA close up of the thallus showing several squamules (small scales) with white powdery edges, which are soredia.  The red scale bar is 1mm. Larger squamules about 1.5mm but many much smaller.
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 21/06/2025
A visit to Beachen (say Bee - ach - en) Wood in Grantown-on Spey (NJ0228, vc75) surprised me with lichens I associate more with the West Coast and wetter weather. Here is Degelia plumbea (now Pectinea plumbea) #lichengbi 1/2
£ photos of a tree with a grey lichen covering much of the trunk.
Habitat : Mixed deciduous woodland, Old woodland as some Lobaria.
Substrate: On Aspen trunk, SW side.
Thallus:  Grey, large expanse (10cm ruler in photo), thick and lumpy, cracked with dark hypothallus showing. 
A  grey lichen with red apothecia and some black ones 
Reddish, lecideine apothecia, under 1mm across.  Numerous. Also black apothecia and black areas. (“The principal host of Toninia plumbina, which can be mistaken for blackened apothecia of the host. LGBI3)
 Close up of grey lichen with red apothecia and black infected onesGrey underside of lichen showing rhizines
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 27/04/2025
Phaeophyscia orbicularis #lichenGBI. The first time I found this I struggled to get to an ID as it was not orbicular at all, just a series of amalgamated thalli. This will be a longish thread but shows how these don't always look like their pictures in the books! 1/3 (I think!)
2 pictures of tree trunks in Scotland. Text:
Habitat: 2 mature Aspen by stream and sheep field
Large area  of grey  lichen on trunk of one tree, west facing side
About 60 cm by 20 cm, made up of smaller areas on raised portions of bark


Pictures of greyish lichen on bark.  Text:
Small foliose lobes (width less than 1mm) interspersed with immature Physcia (tenella or adscendens) and moss. Difficult to make out details with naked eye. Lobes closely appressed.Piece of lichen with mm scale. A small piece of Physcia also attached.
Lichen of interest is the area with grey green lobes and some round areas of black and green
Pictures of wet and dry lichen. It turned greener when wet.
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 25/04/2025
An easily recognisable #lichenGBI because of its big black apothecia - Porpidia macrocarpa. Found in Grantown-on-Spey, Moray, Scotland, vc 95 on a sandstone garden wall. I had not realised that there are 2 forms. My sample turned out to be P. macrocarpa f. nigrocruenta (exciple K+ crimson)
3 pictures of a crustose lichen with a white/grey  thallus and big black apothecia. Text box reads: 
Habitat : Suburban Road, capstones of sandstone wall, with  some concrete on top.
Large grey cracked  thallus, about 15 cm across with very big black lecideine apothecia
Close up picture of apothecia.
Apothecia 2.2mmm on sample I took. Convex, distorted creased surface when clustered. 
Testing on thallus in situ C-, K-
White prothallus
section of apothecium and picture of spores
Section in water:  Greenish epithecium, clear hymenium, dark hypothecium
Spores simple, elliptical with somewhat pointed ends.
Spore average 17.8 x 7.2 µm
Keying out using Dobson. Dobson p374 Porpidia Key
1 not sorediate > 4 thallus white, grey >5 large apo >1.3mm, > 8 exciple K=y to red – no>9  thallus grey/rusty >10  3mm apo  Porpidia macrocarpa.  
Extract from LGBI3 key : if exciple releases a crimson solution in K  it is f. nigrocruenta.  Picture shows portion of exciple in K with crimson colour
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 13/04/2025
Bloody Heart Lichen #LichenGBI aka Mycoblastus sanguinarius found on a dead pine branch at Glenmore, Inverness-shire, vc96. So called for the red colouration under the apothecia (so I would have identified this sooner if I had scratched of an apothecium) 1/2
Walking up by a stream – clearfell on other (West) side, plantation conifers with some older trees on my side.
Lichen found on a dead granny Scots Pine, on a low branch
Photo of dead pine tree and aerial view of Loch Morlich and surrounding forest with small shaded square showing location of lichen
Dead pine branch with a green circle showing location of lichen, which looks like a white patch.Photo of greenish-white thallus, with black lecideine apothecia, scattered, about 1mm diameter.
Photographs of thallus when chemicals added
Testing: Thallus C-, K ? Not much to see on filter paper
 But definitely yellow in UV:
K/UV + yellow
(and I could just see a tiny yellow fluorescing spot on the filter paper)
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 24/03/2025
#lichenGBI. Another lichen with perithecia on the same branch as Porina aenea. Struggled with getting an ID for this one and at first went for Anisomeridium ranunculosporum but the ascus size and shape was wrong and eventually got to Arthopyrenia analepta. Thread 1/2
Picture of lichen on bark with bigger perithecia,0.44mm, no dark thallus and perithecia occurred singly and scattered. Second picture is a section through the perithecium, about 0.36mm across
Close up of inside of perithecium showing asci with spores insideA squash, after KOH-ink-vinegar showing spores, 8 per ascus and an ascus tip showing  a little protrusion into the tip. 1 septate with a big half with 1 oil body and a narrower part with 2 oil bodies (rather like a shoe sole)  average size 15.17 x 4.45µmMore photographs of spores which did not leave the asci even in a squash. The spores  are 1-septate with a bigger top half and the lower half has a constriction in the middle which almost makes it look as if there is another septum.
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 11/03/2025
The Dobson Field Keys are now available as FREE downloads from the #BritishLichenSociety web page. There are 3 to download along with update files with the new names and some comments. Go to “The Society” tab and pick BLS Shop. Photos not there yet but plans afoot to sort that. #lichensGBI
Cover of Field Key to Lichens on Trees by Frank Dobson.  Available from
https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/resources/publications/field-guide-lichens-treesCover of Field Key to Coastal and Seashore Lichens by Frank Dobson.  Available from
https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/resources/publications/field-key-coastal-and-seashore-lichensCover of Field Key to Common Churchyard Lichens by Frank Dobson. Available from
https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/resources/publications/field-key-common-churchyard-lichens
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 06/03/2025
Oooh, 2 of my interests combined - craft and physics! Though I'm looking forward to when they tackle crochet... #knitting #physics #crochet
https://substack.com/redirect/8015d5a8-bb18-4667-ad65-e8b314e23cae?j=eyJ1IjoiNHIxNmVvIn0.M99i4mL-zYY5KdOPbSbQ886VVAFdMTvzPvllT8VHog4A picture of my homemade crocheted birds, and one needlefelted goldfinch
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 03/03/2025
Little yellow lichens seem to be on topic at the moment, so here is Polycauliona ucrainica, found on the same branch as P. polycarpa in my previous post. In my garden, on a bird cherry branch. Some care needed to separate it from P. candelaria. @geoffrey311.bsky.social #lichensGBI 1/3
A branch with a ruler for scale.2 small yellow  frilly lichen thalli with a propelling pencil lead of 0.5 mm for scaleClose up of lobes with measurements of 0.2-0.3mm across.  No rhizines seen and there are round blobs on edges of lobes
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 02/03/2025
@peterbraubach.bsky.social have been following similar lichen trajectories: Polycauliona polycarpa in this thread and some perithecia investigations which I'll post later. I had ignored tiny yellow thalli assuming they were Xanthoria parietina .. but I was wrong. A detailed thread. #lichensGBI 1/3
A picture of two twigs with yellow lichen on and a comparison table of 3 different yellow lichens: Xanthoria parietina (the largest),Polycauliona polycarpa (medium size), Polycauliona candelaria s.l. (the smallest)2 pictures of Polycauliona polycarpa on twigs.
The left hand one is greener showing incipient apothecia and orange pycnidia. The right hand one is yellower showing more apothecia
(surrounding lichen is Physcia aipolia)


Apothecia on a yellow lichen, yellow discs and grey green thick margins
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 21/02/2025
#lichenGBI Chaenotheca ferruginea NN7299, vc96, East-Inverness-shire. This was my first find of a pinhead lichen near home. I must have walked past it hundreds of times in my pre-lichen days. If I had walked round at night with a UV torch it would have shouted look at me as it fluoresces. 1/2
Small loch (in kettle hole) surrounded by mature larches. Looking south. Tree investigated is on far bank, near water but shaded by slope
Picture of larch trunks by a path with a yellow patch of lichen arrowedGolden yellow crust on North side of Larch tree.  Covering raised  sections of bark, not cracks. Some grey-white areas at edges of yellow areas – prothallus?
Picture of a yellow granular thallus with a scale showing that the granule size is up to 0.5mm
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 08/02/2025
#LichensGBI Another little brown bushy lichen, mainly found in Northern Scotland, Cornicularia normoerica. Unmistakeable once you have seen it, and no microscopy needed. It's the only species in Cornicularia. (Who were Norman and Eric??) 1/2
Old dry stone wall, adjacent to moorland used for grazing, exposed West facing. Rocks are siliceous (acid)
Pictures of brown lichens, one is Umbilicaria polyphylla, and the other is Cornicularia normoerica.  Thallus  fruticose
1cm high
2-3 cm across
feels stiff and bristly
dark chestnut colour
shiny
Close up pictures of thallus and apothecia. Apothecia a few mm across. Brown, shiny. Margin same colour as thallus and  growing projections
Picture of apothecium.  Under microscope – 3mm across. Less mature margin? Branches with bumps
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 28/01/2025
#lichensGBI Time for a lichen post after a Christmas/New Year break. This one is a local speciality of the Cairngorms, in Scotland, and is a favourite of mine, Cetraria sepincola. No need to go high to find it, as it is in my village (250m above sea level). And no microscopy needed for ID! 1/2
Map of Scotland with red cross on location of Newtonmore which is in Cairngorm National ParkArial view of Area around Newtonmore showing houses and fields and red circles in 3 places showing where lichen Cetraria sepincola has been foundPicture of birch tree. Text says: Habitat – well lit birch tree, in woodland. Actually a wasteland area between two housing estates, on a SE slope.
Microhabitat – on very thin brittle twigs of birch
Distribution map for Cetraria sepincola showing most of it in Cairngorm area. Map from British Lichen Society.
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regular slime guy @regularslimeguy.bsky.social · 18/01/2025
"Slime mold" is a popular political insult but slime molds are actually the smartest and safest molds, & in some ways smarter and safer than politicians. I definitely would not eat a US senator for example, nor would I expect them to do complex pathfinding calculations for me
A photo of Didymium clavus by Gim Siew Tan: two saucer shaped hats covered in white crystals growing from brown stalks like tree trunksA photo of Diachea leucopodia by Gim Siew Tan: a metallic & iridescent lingam on a chalky white stalkA photo of Hemitrichia calyculata by Gim Siew Tan: a wiry yellow puff sits in a shallow yellowy cup on a thin black stalkA photo of Alwisia bombarda by Gim Siew Tan: a thick translucent stalk supports what looks like many peeled grapes
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 02/01/2025
In the deep south just now and not many lichens about but I did find this #fungus growing on moss in the lawn. Sunbury, Middlesex, UK. Any ideas? @ilichenmoss2.bsky.social
Small brown fungus growing on Moss in a lawnFungus growing on tips of moss next to a centimetre ruler.Underside of fungus showing gillsCloser view of white circular fungus showing some ring markings
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 16/12/2024
After recent conversations about Amandinea punctata and Fuscidea lightfootii @peterbraubach.bsky.social @larkinlichen.bsky.social Here's a thread on F. lightfootii, though at the time I was more concerned to show the difference between it and Lecidella elaeochroma NN7298, Inverness-shire 1/5
Pictures of horizontal branches of Alder showing a green circular thallus that glowed blue white in UV
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 29/11/2024
A thread about Buellia disciformis. This was on an aspen twig in Scotland, NN69, vc96 East Inverness-shire. It was in old woodland, mainly birch and a few old but failing (and falling) Aspen #lichenGBI 1/4
A large fallen aspen trunk with patches of lichen
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 28/11/2024
A raven feeding its partner some #lichen at Loch Garten, Scotland. Wonderful to see 🙂 www.facebook.com/share/v/1Anr...
Two ravens on a branch
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 23/11/2024
Another yellow #lichen which puzzled me for a while as it is usually found with apothecia but this thallus had none. Found on the top of a large pine fence post, nutrient enriched, from bird perching, a sheep field on one side and a road on the other. In Scotland NH7300, vc96 #lichenGBI
3 pictures of the top of a pine fence post with a yellow brown crustose lichen growing on the top
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 22/11/2024
Did not see the squirrel but appreciated the tiny footprints.
Squirrel footprints in the snow
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 19/11/2024
Could this be Nostoc? Diving into ignorance here... What do you think? @regularslimeguy.bsky.social
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TheAdequateAutistic @woodlanddark.bsky.social · 18/11/2024
Anyone else interested in slime moulds?! Any ideas on this gorgeous gooey guy? . #slimemould
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 17/11/2024
A couple of #slimemould found in the garden showing the different stages. The spores measured about 10 microns. More details on my blog newtonmorewildflowers.blogspot.com/2024/11/a-sl... and a great site at warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/life...
A stick with a yellow slime mould on itA stick with a white blob of the same slime mouldA stick with a black mass of spore producing slime mouldSome spherical spores of a slime mould covered in tiny bumps
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 15/11/2024
Another Caloplaca with polarilocular (dumbbell shaped) spores. This one is now renamed Gyalolechia flavovirescens. As I live in a area with mainly siliceous (acid) rock, I don't see many Caloplacas on stone so it was a surprise to find this one on a dry stone wall. A long thread. 1/8 #lichen
A stone wall with yellow lichen thalli on one stone
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 11/11/2024
A crustose #lichen with orange apothecia on trees. Caloplaca ferruginea. (A very similar one on rocks is Caloplaca crenularia). This one is on an Aspen tree in Scotland, NN79, East Inverness-shire. It has a thin white thallus, limited by a black antagonistic zone. 1/3
A branch covered in a white layer with orange apothecia on it. There is a black border.
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 04/11/2024
Experimenting with using existing powerpoint slide to post about #lichen. Here's one about a pin lichen found locally (NN79, vc96) on Alder trees. I'll try a thread with one slide per post. Feedback welcome as to legibility and usefulness 1/5
Pictures of tree trunks of Alder with green colouration of a  crustose lichen with small black pins
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 26/10/2024
My latest blog post including #BritishLichenSociety Field meeting at Dundreggan. #lichen #wildflowers Fame? and Dundreggan newtonmorewildflowers.blogspot.com/2024/10/fame...
An avenue of lime trees and a grey lichen with red brown apothecia, Pectenia plumbea
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 26/10/2024
The longest #lichen I'm likely to find in the UK - Usnea dasopoga about 40cm long on birch. A beard lichen. Central axis acts a bit like elastic when pulled. Strands like skeletal fishbones. Pretty unmistakeable but testing medulla with KOH gives yellow turning red. Inverness-shire, UK vc96
A birch tree with a long green beard lichen, Usnea dasopoga, dangling downStrands of lichen showing fishbone appearanceCircular cross section of Usnea dasopoga showing outer cortex, inner axis surrounded by white medullaCut section of Usnea dasopoga showing reaction to KOH, yellow turning red
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 06/10/2024
Recently found what looked like a Pertusaria pertusa #lichen on a sycamore but with an atypical appearance. Usually the warts have a pepperpot appearance with little dimples indicating immersed apothecia. /1
Pertusaria pertusa thallus with pepperpot warts
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 26/09/2024
#lichen Porpidia cinereoatra. One of those crustose ones with black lecideine apothecia. On a sandstone wall at Golspie, Scotland. Grey areolate thallus, areolate (cracked into islands) with black visible between cracks. Testing C-, K- but K+UV mauve. Apothecia have white pruina. /1
Porpidia cinereoatra thallusPorpidia cinereoatra apothecia showing white pruinaPorpidia cinereoatra showing clustering of apothecia
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 17/09/2024
Still on those 'A's but a #lichenicolousfungus this time. Abrothallus parmeliarum found as black hemispheres on a Parmelia - either sulcata or saxatilis - on a gravestone in Laggan NN6194. Funny dark septate spores with the two halves different shapes. #lichen #LF /1
Parmelia lichen with black spots of lichenicolous fungusClose up of black spotsSection through a black spot which is an apothecium showing sporesIndividual spores 12-15 x 4-6 microns, 1 septate, dark
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 11/09/2024
Arthonia radiata on hazel twig. Apothecia look like squashed stars and are called "arthonioid." . It's meant to be very common but it took me ages to find it locally. Reactions: C-, K-. Spores have 3 dividing walls (3 septate) and are in an ascus that looks like a balloon #lichen
Arthonia radiata thallus with apotheciaSection through an apothecium.  The big cells are the wood substrateAsci with sporesSpores after staining so easier to see
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 06/09/2024
Found this in a park in Berlin, Germany but could not ID it. I thought it was an acorn at first but internet searching has led me to Turkish Hazel, Corylus colurna. Very long extensions to cup with glandular hairs. Never seen it before.
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 01/09/2024
Arctoparmelia incurva #lichen on pebbles and twigs near Findhorn, Moray vc95 (Scotland). Big round soralia and narrow radiating lobes. Normally found in upland areas rather than by the coast. I've not managed to find it in my upland area yet.
Lichen is on central pebbleBig round soraliaEven wrapped itself round a twig, showing off those round soraliaThe pine needle on the left gives an indication of scale - the lobes are very narrow
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 29/08/2024
Yellow #lichen on dry stone wall - Calaplaca (now Gyalolechia) flavovirescens. Kingussie NH7500/vc96, East-Inverness-shire. Orange lecideine apothecia. Strong K+ purple reaction helps to point to Calaplaca. Need spore details to get to species. Polarilocular spores (that dumbbell shape).
Several yellow thalli on wallLecideine apotheciumSection through apothecium  showing asci with 8 sporesSingle polarilocuar spore
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 25/08/2024
More from the Sutherland coast. Harbour seals basking on a sandbank, beautiful layering in sandstone, sunshine on water. What's not to like?
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 22/08/2024
Beautiful walk along the beach at Embo. Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium), distinguished by its epicalyx not overlapping with the actual calyx peeping out underneath. Climbing up marram grass. Perennial Sow Thistle on the beach as well with glandular hairs. And a beachcombing monster!
Calystegia sepium.  Real sepals green, epicalyx brownHedge Bindweed on Marram grassPerennial Sow Thistle
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 21/08/2024
Some stunning scenery up the Big Glen in Golspie. Lots of water, # ferns, # lichen. Lobaria pulmonaria, L. scrobiculata.
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Sue @sueinscotland.bsky.social · 19/08/2024
#lichen Getting started with lichen posts - where to begin? With A? Amandinea punctata on a blackthorn twig NN6794 vc96. Lovely dark bean shaped 1-septate spores
thallusapothecium sectionspores
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