journals.plos.org
Incorporating the speciation process into species delimitation
Author summary Current coalescent-based species-delimitation approaches rely on the diagnosis of genetic structure to identify putative taxa. However, when multiple population lineages from the same species are sampled, the conflation of populations with species leads to a proliferation of artifactual “species”, resulting in inaccurate diversity estimates that are challenging systematic studies and fields that rely upon accurately delimited species boundaries. We present here a new approach to delimitation that explicitly models speciation as an extended process, from the formation of new population lineages to the development of independent species. This allows for computational discrimination between genetic structure that corresponds to species lineages versus population lineages within species, transforming species delimitation in both theory and practice in this age of high-resolution genomic data.