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Bruce D. Baker

@schoolfinance101.bsky.social
1.4K followers 540 following 1.9K posts

Professor, Education Finance & Policy Personal Website: schoolfinance101.com School Finance Indicators Database: www.schoolfinancedata.org Books: hep.gse.harvard.edu/author/bruce-d-…

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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Jen Jennings @jenjennings.bsky.social · 07/10/2026
Excellent article by @jessgrose.bsky.social underscoring that private school choice works a lot like “man choice.” Everyone is welcome to “choose” Bad Bunny, but he has to choose you back. And in the end, someone is stuck with the school equivalent of a dude with no job who lives in mom’s basement
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 07/10/2026
Underfunding of Philadelphia schools @abbottelemfans.bsky.social @abbottelementary.bsky.social
schoolfinance101.com
A Philadelphia Story of Underfunding
In 2009, the School District of Philadelphia spent about 59% of what it would cost to get its kids to national average outcomes. In 2024, it spent about 55%. Fifteen years, two governors’ wor…
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 07/10/2026
Dear @abbottelementary.bsky.social @abbottelemfans.bsky.social Here's some validation of your new commercial - in which you borrow music from one of my musical heroes (and beautiful human being) bob dorough! (wrote schoolhouse rock tunes) 2/2
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 07/10/2026
Dear @abbottelementary.bsky.social @abbottelemfans.bsky.social Here's some validation of your new commercial - in which you borrow music from one of my musical heroes (and beautiful human being) bob dorough! (wrote schoolhouse rock tunes) 1/2
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 06/10/2026
A Century of Parental Control Over Schooling, and the Case for Children’s Recourse schoolfinance101.com/2026/10/06/n... @carolinemalacorbin.bsky.social @drprestongreen.bsky.social @vanessamiller.bsky.social
schoolfinance101.com
Not the Mere Creature of Anyone: A Century of Parental Control Over Schooling, and the Case for Children’s Recourse
For a hundred years the Supreme Court has asked how much control parents get over schooling, and almost never what the child is owed. Now public money follows the answer, the post-Espinoza end game…
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 05/10/2026
With expansion of parental choice, we must have greater oversight and legal recourse to protect children's rights schoolfinance101.com/2026/10/02/e...
schoolfinance101.com
Experimenting With Our Children: Who Answers to the 18-Year-Old the Voucher Failed?
Arizona and Florida fund universal ESAs, regulate receipts rather than learning, and leave a student who reaches 18 uneducated with almost no legal recourse.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
Slide Deck: NYSCS Foundation Aid Deck schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u... Interactive Widget: Small City Cost Model — Spending vs. Outcome Standards — download (.zip) schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u...
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
Slide Deck: Reforming School Finance in Connecticut schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u... Interactive Widget: CT School District Outcomes vs. Funding Adequacy — download (.zip) schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u...
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
Share these with your legislators, advocates and others in your state - New York State school finance: schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u...
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
Share these with your legislators, advocates and others in your state - Connecticut school finance: schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u...
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Jen Jennings @jenjennings.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
“In Arkansas, all it took to establish a school was filling out a form on a state website, $45 and the purchase of an American flag”
propublica.org
Almost Anyone Can Start a Private School. We Put This to the Test.
Our reporting has shown how easily people — some with questionable backgrounds — have founded their own private schools in barns, strip malls and other places. That led us to an experiment: If the hur...
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Jen Jennings @jenjennings.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
school district websites are a bop. “every day is day one!” says osceola county, fl public schools and this just seems like a very inefficient way to live
osceola county fl, every day is day one!
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
new fun blog post: schoolfinance101.com/2026/10/02/e...
schoolfinance101.com
Experimenting With Our Children: Who Answers to the 18-Year-Old the Voucher Failed?
Arizona and Florida fund universal ESAs, regulate receipts rather than learning, and leave a student who reaches 18 uneducated with almost no legal recourse.
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
The single most important person to my building a *evolving* mental model of generative AI is @colin-fraser.net. As these tools change so too should our understanding of how they work. Follow him and you will learn a great deal — he is an educator.
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Jen Jennings @jenjennings.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
stop treating the culture wars as an exogenous shock. political actors made strategic choices to create and weaponize them. they are not a curious weather condition public schools failed to dress appropriately for.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
There are right and wrong ways to measure efficiency and productivity, in education or other sectors. AND, the implications are consequential: schoolfinance101.com/2026/09/30/e...
schoolfinance101.com
Efficiently Mediocre: Why Measuring School Efficiency Requires Measuring Cost
You can be highly efficient at producing low outcomes. Why efficiency claims require measuring cost, why spending-vs-scores charts mislead policy, and what a proper frontier analysis of 8,000 distr…
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
This stuff should have been shut down long ago. It's only gotten worse and it keeps popping up in what should be serious deliberations over school funding. Edunomics/Roza do not belong in those conversations: schoolfinance101.com/2026/09/29/s...
schoolfinance101.com
Seventeen Years of Roza-Tinted Glasses
My critiques of Marguerite Roza, the Edunomics Lab, and Education Resource Strategies, from 2009 to 2026, with receipts.
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
FIFTH REPORT: CHILDREN HARMED AT ALPHA SCHOOL'S BOOT CAMP Just over a week ago, 73 Alpha School high school students were left almost entirely unsupervised for three days in the Texas wilderness. It was a Fyre Festival-like disaster. buildcognitiveresonance.substack.com/p/fifth-repo...
buildcognitiveresonance.substack.com
FIFTH REPORT: CHILDREN HARMED AT ALPHA SCHOOL’S BOOT CAMP
Student hospitalized during Survival Challenge on wilderness ranch; police investigation is ongoing; other concerning incidents re student safety and privacy; one guide fired; also Little B. Diddies
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
oh. good. because I couldn't quite figure out what I might have meant if I said it.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
awkward phrase - my apologies. Agreed!
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
Education writers/reporters - take note. Nearly 2 decades of absolute bullshit with real consequences from a single source.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
Education writers, news outlets - this one - and my other most recent are for you. This one is technical - but important
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
I'm mind blown by that piece - which is exactly why I'm writing/tweeting what I am, all over again.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
Don't just be skeptical. Shut it down! Reporters out there? This stuff isn't credible!
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
You can be highly efficient at producing low outcomes. Just spend very little. Why efficiency claims require measuring cost, why spending-vs-scores charts mislead policy, and why Florida is efficient but New Jersey is better. schoolfinance101.com/2026/09/30/e...
schoolfinance101.com
Efficiently Mediocre: Why Measuring School Efficiency Requires Measuring Cost
You can be highly efficient at producing low outcomes. Why efficiency claims require measuring cost, why spending-vs-scores charts mislead policy, and what a proper frontier analysis of 8,000 distr…
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
schoolfinance101.com/2026/09/29/s...
schoolfinance101.com
Seventeen Years of Roza-Tinted Glasses
My critiques of Marguerite Roza, the Edunomics Lab, and Education Resource Strategies, from 2009 to 2026, with receipts.
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
I want to underscore that there is an ***open and active police investigation*** related to Alpha School’s boot camp. The events in question took place more than a week ago. This is major news. Alpha can refuse to answer my questions. But they cannot refuse to answer the Sheriff’s Department.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
schoolfinance101.com/2026/09/29/s...
schoolfinance101.com
Seventeen Years of Roza-Tinted Glasses
My critiques of Marguerite Roza, the Edunomics Lab, and Education Resource Strategies, from 2009 to 2026, with receipts.
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Acyn @acyn.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
Acosta: This is a Category 5 fuck-up of epic proportions. It is likely to go down as the worst presidency that we have ever witnessed in this country’s history. That tops the first administration that ended with an insurrection.
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
This is extraordinary, in the best sense of the word.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
Blog post: schoolfinance101.com/2026/09/26/a...
schoolfinance101.com
America’s Most Financially Disadvantaged (e.g. Still Screwed) School Districts, 2022–2024
A decade after I last published these lists, 47 districts with at least 2,000 students still have more than 1.5 times the child poverty rate of their labor market and spend less than 90% of what th…
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
Animated - America's most screwed districts over time:
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 26/09/2026
Over a decade later - America's (still) most financially screwed school districts schoolfinance101.com/2026/09/26/a...
schoolfinance101.com
America’s Most Financially Disadvantaged (e.g. Still Screwed) School Districts, 2022–2024
A decade after I last published these lists, 47 districts with at least 2,000 students still have more than 1.5 times the child poverty rate of their labor market and spend less than 90% of what th…
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Reposted by Bruce D. Baker
Jen Jennings @jenjennings.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
This tidbit of greatness just resurfaced in my feed
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
We are so far beyond Idiocracy!!!!!
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
it is my life's work!
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
I assure you that my goal is to "fix" the reality not to like it as is.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
fair enough
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
Here's one for ya'
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
It's more, and worse than that alone, as we discuss here: www.shankerinstitute.org/segfunding and in a new book: schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u...
shankerinstitute.org
Segregation and School Funding: How Housing Discrimination Reproduces Unequal Opportunity
A descriptive analysis of the historical and contemporary relationship between racial segregation and K-12 school funding.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
A formula to accomplish this: www.shankerinstitute.org/fedformula
shankerinstitute.org
Ensuring Adequate Education Funding For All: A New Federal Foundation Aid Formula
A proposal for and simulation of a new "foundation formula" approach to federal K-12 funding, one in which federal funds are allocated based not only on student need (as is currently the case), but al...
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
NC in 2009 vs NC in 2024
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
I know. And enforcement varies widely across states. But the existence of a ruling that the constitution was enforceable is at least something. Or was.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
Not a simple, clean, descriptive relationship between funding adequacy and constitutional enforcement - but those states with enforced compliance do have generally the most adequate funding:
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
ongoing notes & data collection schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u...
schoolfinance101.com
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
Yes - judges in some states like NC have permanently reversed decades of precedents and in other states like FL have ignored the public will (as expressed in constitutional referenda) schoolfinance101.com/wp-content/u...
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
Here's inequity & inadequacy in NY state (but not for NYC), against current average outcomes as a goal, and against a higher standard.
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
This! And here's a) the inequity and b) how the system has become even less adequate:
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 20/09/2026
And the funding gap to outcome gap animation to go with it:
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Bruce D. Baker @schoolfinance101.bsky.social · 20/09/2026
An animation of national school funding adequacy from 2009 to 2024 - against the cost of achieving national average reading and math scores between 2013 & 2015
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