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Tom McCoy

@rtommccoy.bsky.social
2.2K followers 360 following 286 posts

Assistant professor at Yale Linguistics. Studying computational linguistics, cognitive science, and AI. He/him.

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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
My sister and I saw the Lion King in mid-September, and I just realized that this was perfect timing: the pride goes before the fall
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
A nor'easter is a storm with winds from the northeast So you might think a sou'wester would be a storm with winds from the southwest. But it's not!! It's a type of hat!! Language strikes again
An image of a sou'wester - a yellow waterproof rain hat - sourced from Wikipedia
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
Had a great time speaking at NYU today - there's an incredible collection of people there working on computational CogSci & AI!
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Elliot Murphy @elliot-murphy.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
New work out today! The result of a 15 year project to offer genuine linking hypotheses between linguistics and neuroscience: a revised research program, and its first result - a novel neural binding operation ('Meld') capturing core properties of natural language syntax 🧵 arxiv.org/abs/2609.14384
arxiv.org
Formal Properties of Language as Constraints on Neural Dynamics
What must a neural system be capable of to implement language? Current research annotates stimuli with linguistic variables and tests which electrodes, voxels, or language-model layers predict neural ...
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
🤖🧠NEW PAPER🧠🤖 (The result of an 8-year project!) LLMs seem very different from symbolic systems. Yet LLMs excel in symbolic domains (e.g., language/code/math). How do they do it? Our finding: LLM representations have implicit symbolic structure! Link in thread ⬇️ 1/n
Overview of the paper. 
Title: The Emergent Symbolic Structure of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tom McCoy, Paul Soulos, Tal Linzen, Paul Smolensky
Left: Neural networks encode information in vectors (there is then an image of a vector), yet they excel at tasks long thought to require symbolic structure (there is then an image of a symbolic representation, specifically a syntax tree). How do LLMs do it?
Right: We find that LLM representations can be closely approximated with symbolic structures. This approximation lets us edit the structure of an LLM’s output by editing the structure of its internal representations, as shown. There is then an image of two edits to LLMs. In the first one, the original input is 3 + 6 * 8, with an answer of 51. But if we swap the positions of the 3 and the 6, the output becomes 30. In the second one, the original input is a Python command repeating the list [Z, U] three times, producing [Z, U, Z, U, Z, U]. But if we edit the input in a way that adds a Q at the end of the input, the output becomes [Z, U, Q, Z, U, Q, Z, U, Q].
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Sean Trott @seantrott.bsky.social · 31/08/2026
New paper out in @openmindjournal.bsky.social! "Large Language Models as Distributional Baselines for Language Tasks". With @jamichaelov.bsky.social , @camrobjones.bsky.social , Tyler Chang, and Ben Bergen. direct.mit.edu/opmi/article...
direct.mit.edu
Large Language Models as Distributional Baselines for Language Tasks
Abstract. In order to ask questions about the mechanisms underpinning human cognition, researchers must control for properties of stimuli that could confound detected effects. In experiments involving...
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
Come be my colleague! Yale's Wu Tsai Institute is hiring for a position in neurocognition.
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
Since many are starting grad school soon, let me re-share my One Big Tip™️ for research! Research involves many skills - collaborating, writing, presenting, etc. But many of these skills can be unified under a single overarching ability: theory of mind Blog post link in reply
Illustration of the blog post's main argument, summarized as: "Theory of Mind as a Central Skill for Researchers: Research involves many skills.If each skill is viewed separately, each one takes a long time to learn. These skills can instead be connected via theory of mind – the ability to reason about the mental states of others. This allows you to transfer your abilities across areas, making it easier to gain new skills."
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
Speaking of poetry hidden in plain sight, everyone should read Anne Cutler's paper on the subject. Absolutely mind-blowing. (link and quote in reply ⬇️)
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 10/08/2026
Just found an Easter egg on Wikipedia! On the page for double dactyls (a type of poem), there's a sentence that's formatted as a normal line of text, but it's actually a stanza of double dactyl poetry! And... THE PLOT THICKENS! 1/2
Screenshot of the Wikipedia page for “Double dactyl.”The text reads:
The double dactyl is a verse form invented by Anthony Hecht and Paul Pascal in 1951.

An example by John Hollander:
Higgledy piggledy,Benjamin Harrison,Twenty-third presidentWas, and, as such,Served between Clevelands andSave for this trivialIdiosyncrasy,Didn't do much.

Metapoetically, Roger L. Robison crafted this poem describing itself:
Long-short-short, long-short-shortDactyls in dimeter,Verse form with choriambs(Masculine rhyme):One sentence (two stanzas)HexasyllabicallyChallenges poets whoDon't have the time.

There’s then an annotation noting that the text “Metapoetically, Roger L. Robison crafted this poem describing itself:” works as the first stanza of a double dactyl poem.
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 14/07/2026
Amazon's "Track Package" button should really be called "Package Trackage"
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 05/07/2026
Seeking two ARR emergency reviewers for papers about steering. Please let me know if you'd be able to help out!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 05/07/2026
Today at #acl2026nlp: Check out the panel on "Linguistics and NLP in the LLM Era", featuring Allyson Ettinger, @futrell.bsky.social, Zoey Liu, and me! 2:00 - 3:30 in Gaslamp C&D
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 05/07/2026
Seeking two ARR emergency reviewers for papers about steering. Please let me know if you'd be able to help out!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 05/07/2026
Very meta!
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Maria Antoniak @mariaa.bsky.social · 05/07/2026
I'm looking for two emergency reviewers for #EMNLP2026 papers about cultural benchmarking and cultural reasoning. Please send me an email if you would be able to help me out in the next few days!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 03/07/2026
Today at CoNLL (paper links in thread): 1️⃣ 2:00 - 3:30 poster session (Harbor C): Zhenghao Herbert Zhou on what children's filler-gap input looks like! 2️⃣ 4:00 - 5:30 talk session (Harbor C): Claire Hobbs on how input statistics can support the learning of abstract syntactic rules!
Schedule for some presentations at CoNLL:
2:00 - 3:30 poster session in Harbor C: "What exactly do children receive in language acquisition? A case study on CHILDES with automated detection of filler-gap dependencies"
4:00 - 5:30 talk session in Harbor C: "Collocational bootstrapping: A hypothesis about the learning of subject-verb agreement in humans and neural networks"
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 03/07/2026
My hotel room is on the fourth floor - putting the "linguistics" in "ACL"!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 03/07/2026
In San Diego for #acl2026nlp! Excited to talk to people about connections between CogSci, Linguistics, and AI
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
I'm developing a new type of Transformer that has no normalization in its softmax. I call it undivided attention.
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Michael Lepori @michael-lepori.bsky.social · 09/06/2026
🚨New preprint!🚨 We know that LM representations can be used to predict brain responses to language. But what *features* of these representations underlie this alignment? We use SAEs to find out!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 08/06/2026
Wrote today's NYT crossword - enjoy!
Screenshot from the New York Times crossword page that says "The Crossword. Monday, June 8, 2026. By Tom McCoy. Edited by Will Shortz."
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
This is a funny title once you realize that Jane Austen wrote exactly 6 books Other listicles I want to see: - "The 11 most enjoyable months" - "The 49 greatest US states" - "The 25 most useful letters of the alphabet"
Screenshot of an article title reading "The 5 Jane Austen books everyone should read for what would be her 250th birthday"
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 22/05/2026
🤖🧠NEW PAPER🧠🤖 Children & neural networks can learn syntax from linear strings of words. How do they do it? Our hypothesis: Word co-occurrence statistics provide cues to syntax! (I.e., a new type of bootstrapping to consider!) Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2605.20529 1/n
Paper overview.
Title: "Collocational bootstrapping: A hypothesis about the learning of subject-verb agreement in humans and neural networks"
Authors: Claire Hobbs and Tom McCoy
Method: We trained many neural nets, varying how predictable a subject is given its verb. We tested them on subject-verb agreement
Findings: With the right level of predictability, neural networks robustly generalize. The predictability of child-directed language is near the neural net optimum.
Conclusion: Statistical regularities in word co-occurrence can support the learning of abstract syntactic rules
The text is accompanied by a graph showing neural-network accuracy as a function of the level of variability; the accuracy peaks at an in-between level of variability
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Gabor Brody @gaborbrody.bsky.social · 19/05/2026
Hiring! Athulya Aravind and I are looking for a full-time Postgraduate Associate at Yale (Linguistics/Psychology). The position is designed as preparation for PhD applications in linguistics, cog sci, or psychology, including structured mentoring and research training. tinyurl.com/mrxjya5t
tinyurl.com
Postgraduate Researcher in Language and Conceptual Development — Department of Linguistics and Department of Psychology, Yale University (joint appointment); affiliated with the Program in Cognitive S...
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 18/05/2026
🤖🧠 New commentary 🧠🤖 What role should large language models (LLMs) play in linguistics? I reflect on this question in a commentary now on arXiv: arxiv.org/abs/2605.10061 To appear in BBS as a commentary on @futrell.bsky.social and @kmahowald.bsky.social's excellent piece on LLMs & Linguistics!
Screenshot of the title and abstract of a paper.
Title: "Not-So-Strange Love: Language Models and Generative
Linguistic Theories are More Compatible than They Appear"
Further information: "Open Peer Commentary on “How Linguistics Learned to Stop Worrying and
Love the Language Models” by Richard Futrell and Kyle Mahowald"
Author: R. Thomas McCoy
Abstract: Futrell and Mahowald (2025) frame the success of neural language models (LMs) as supporting gradient, usage-based linguistic theories. I argue that LMs can also instantiate theories based on formal structures - the types of theories seen in the generative tradition. This argument expands the space of theories that can be tested with LMs, potentially enabling reconciliations between usage-based and generative accounts.
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Kanishka Misra @kanishka.bsky.social · 11/05/2026
New opinion piece on the interface between research on concepts and categories in minds vs. in neural network LMs! I take the position that there is much to be learned from this interface (e.g., learning about concepts from language alone) and outline some directions for future.
Title page of "Semantic Cognition for and from Language Models" followed by a figure showing tests that target conceptual structure and content vs. those that target function.
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 19/03/2026
Scientific American has a piece today on NACLO (the linguistics competition) by @dodecalemma.bsky.social! Features some quotes and puzzles by yours truly!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 07/03/2026
What's the endgame for people who mass-email conference organizers saying that they'd like to review papers? I've gotten several such requests in the past few months
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Jelle Zuidema 🟥 @wzuidema.bsky.social · 10/02/2026
I need one too!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 10/02/2026
I could use an emergency reviewer for an ACL submission involving interpretability and syntax. Please DM me if you might be able to provide an emergency review before February 15!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 05/02/2026
I like the three consecutive dots in the word "hijinks". They're like an ellipsis telling you that the hijinks will continue.
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 30/01/2026
I'm excited to be speaking at Carnegie Mellon today - it's where I got my start as a researcher (a summer job making a finite-state morphological analyzer for Kinyarwanda), and it's fun to be back! Say hi if you're around! www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/misc-pages/l...
lti.cs.cmu.edu
LTI Colloquium - Language Technologies Institute - School of Computer Science - Carnegie Mellon University
Homepage for the LTI colloquium lecture series
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 19/12/2025
🚨Calling all fans of analyzing neural networks: There will be a workshop at Yale in the spring that you should come to! (May 11 to May 13)
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pentagonalize.bsky.social @pentagonalize.bsky.social · 19/12/2025
Announcing the first Workshop on Formal Languages and Neural Networks (FLaNN)! We invite the submission of abstracts for posters that discuss the formal expressivity, computational properties, and learning behavior of neural network models, including large language models (LLMs).
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 17/12/2025
These products flagrantly violate the rules of English compounds! "Reese's Oreo" should be a type of Oreo, not a type of Reese's!
An image of two snack foods. At the top is Reese's Oreo, which is an Oreo-flavored brand of Reese's. At the bottom is Oreo Reese's, which is a Reese's-flavored brand of Oreo.
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 16/12/2025
Congratulations to all of the new ACL fellows!! I'm delighted to see @lorislevin.bsky.social recognized. She's the person who introduced me to computational linguistics, and my scientific outlook has been deeply shaped by her views on the relationship between linguistics & NLP. 1/n
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 14/12/2025
A fantastic department - highly recommend applying!
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 13/12/2025
Me giving my account number to a customer service rep: "That's 2 as in twenty-three, 7 as in seven hundred six, 1 as in fourteen, 1 as in fourteen, 0 as in...well...uh..."
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 18/11/2025
Still waiting for Google to release Ge (the large version of Gemini)
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 18/11/2025
Come be my colleague! The Yale Dept of Linguistics is hiring a 3-year Lecturer in Historical Linguistics. There's a great group here working on language change, and you could become part of it! Application review begins Dec 14. For more info, see apply.interfolio.com/177395
apply.interfolio.com
Apply - Interfolio {{$ctrl.$state.data.pageTitle}} - Apply - Interfolio
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 18/11/2025
Do any languages have different forms of "and" for different phrase types? English uses "and" no matter what's being joined: "bread and butter" (nouns), "divide and conquer" (verbs), "short and sweet" (adjs). Are there languages that vary the conjunction across these contexts?
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 14/11/2025
🤖🧠I'll be considering applications for PhD students & postdocs to start at Yale in Fall 2026! If you are interested in the intersection of linguistics, cognitive science, & AI, I encourage you to apply! PhD link: rtmccoy.com/prospective_... Postdoc link: rtmccoy.com/prospective_...
Top: A syntax tree for the sentence "the doctor by the lawyer saw the artist".

Bottom: A continuous vector.
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Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 12/11/2025
Who's up for a short thread demonstrating just how wrong this claim is by Mistral's CEO, using research by @rtommccoy.bsky.social (an co-authors) regarding crossword puzzles? Just me? Well whatever, let's dive into a mini-exploration of the Embers of Autoregression and why they singe...
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taka-yamakoshi.bsky.social @taka-yamakoshi.bsky.social · 07/11/2025
I’m excited to share our Findings of EMNLP paper w/ @cocoscilab.bsky.social , @rtommccoy.bsky.social, and @rdhawkins.bsky.social ! Language models, unlike humans, require large amounts of data, which suggests the need for an inductive bias. But what kind of inductive biases do we need?
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 02/11/2025
An exciting postdoc opportunity for researchers in CogSci! The deadline is coming up soon: Nov 10
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 02/11/2025
Come be my colleague! The Wu Tsai Institute at Yale has two faculty searches ongoing: - One in computational cognitive science (due Dec 1) - One in neurodevelopment (rolling) 🧠🤖
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 11/10/2025
Much as "cupboard" is pronounced "cubberd", I think that "clipboard" should be pronounced "clibberd"
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Tom McCoy @rtommccoy.bsky.social · 05/10/2025
Beginning a Grand Tour of California! - Oct 6: Colloquium at Berkeley Linguistics - Oct 9: Workshop at Google Mountain View - Oct 14: Talk at UC Irvine Center for Lg, Intelligence & Computation - Oct 16: NLP / Text-as-Data talk at NYU Say hi if you'll be around!
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Gasper Begus @begus.bsky.social · 05/10/2025
Exciting talk in the linguistics department at UC Berkeley tomorrow! @rtommccoy.bsky.social
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