Every day, people continuously infer situational context and adjust the way they understand and remember the world. Context, signaled by the prefrontal cortex, is known to modulate working memory and ...

Expectations—prior knowledge of environmental statistics—support adaptive behavior by reducing uncertainty during inference. However, the questions of where expectations come from and how that ought t...

When we encounter an exception to our prior category knowledge, such as a leaf-like butterfly that perceptually diverges from the butterflies we commonly see, we must update our knowledge to reconcile...

In daily life, we often draw inferences about novel associations from prior experiences. This ability, associative inference, is thought to be a ke...