Sign in

Michael Bochenek

@michaelbochenek.bsky.social
1K followers 223 following 85 posts

Children's rights, migration @hrw.org London once upon a time, now New York/Paris www.hrw.org/about/people/michael-ga…

PostsRepliesMedia
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Human Rights Watch en français @hrw-fr.hrw.org · 24/10/2025
La France est responsable de violations graves et systématiques des droits des enfants migrants non accompagnés selon le Comité des droits de l'enfant de l'ONU. Les autorités devraient veiller de toute urgence à ce que ces enfants vulnérables bénéficient de la protection à laquelle ils ont droit.
hrw.org
La France manque à ses obligations envers les enfants migrants non accompagnés
Dans un rapport accablant publié la semaine dernière, le Comité des droits de l'enfant des Nations unies a conclu que la France était responsable de violations graves et systématiques des droits des e...
0810
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
César Muñoz @cesarmunoz.bsky.social · 21/07/2025
Novo relatório da @hrw.org revela que imigrantes sofrem tratamento desumano, superlotação, falta de cuidados médicos e outros abusos em centros de detenção na Flórida. Duas mortes já ocorreram. Os EUA deveriam parar com estes abusos. www.hrw.org/news/2025/07...
hrw.org
US: Immigrants Abused in Florida Detention Sites
The United States government has subjected immigrants detained in three Florida facilities to abusive, degrading, and in some cases life-threatening conditions, Americans for Immigrant Justice, Human ...
013
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Alt National Park Service @altnps.bsky.social · 21/07/2025
A new report by Human Rights Watch and partner nonprofits released today confirms that migrants at the downtown Miami ICE facility were indeed shackled with hands tied behind their backs, forced to kneel, and made to eat from styrofoam plates “like dogs.”
hrw.org
“You Feel Like Your Life is Over”
The 92-page report, “‘You Feel Like Your Life is Over’: Abusive Practices at Three Florida Immigration Detention Centers Since January 2025,” documents that people detained at Krome North Service Proc...
46163583458
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Joey Scott @joeyneverjoe.bsky.social · 21/07/2025
In a habeas corpus suit against DHS, Lionel Flores was arrested at his ISAP check-in. When he ask ICE agents why he was being arrested they, said "judges orders don't matter, only the President." After telling them he had a lawyer, they replied "that doesn't matter either."
3.	Leonel called me and told me that he was arrested. He said immigration officers went up to him at his ISAP check-in and told him he was under arrest. Leonel said he asked the officers why and informed them he had an order from the judge. The officers said something like ''judges' orders don't matter, only the president."
4.	Leonel told me that he told the officers he had an attorney, but the officers said, ''that doesn't matter either.''
5.	Leonel later called me from jail in Santa Ana. He said that it was a small space, and he heard people there were being taken to San Diego or Texas. Then he had to hang up.
251269641
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Lou Charbonneau @loucharb.bsky.social · 21/07/2025
NEW REPORT: “You Feel Like Your Life is Over” — @hrw.org AI Justice @sanctuarylegalservices.com expose abusive conditions at 3 Florida immigration detention centers. Overcrowding, medical neglect & degrading treatment are rampant. #HumanRights #ImmigrationJustice www.hrw.org/news/2025/07...
hrw.org
US: Immigrants Abused in Florida Detention Sites
The United States government has subjected immigrants detained in three Florida facilities to abusive, degrading, and in some cases life-threatening conditions, Americans for Immigrant Justice, Human ...
013
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Young Center for Immigrant Children's Rights @theyoungcenter.bsky.social · 18/07/2025
Trump's immigration agenda has never been about keeping children safe. It is about cruelty, abducting children from their families, indefinitely detaining them, in Alexis' case with adults, and deporting them regardless of their wishes. Alexis needs to be reunited with his family immediately.
youtube.com
15-year-old boy with no criminal record held at ‘Alligator Alcatraz’ for three days: Miami Herald
YouTube video by MSNBC
065
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Heather Barr @heatherbarr.bsky.social · 14/07/2025
Excited to share this new piece on why @hrw.org is calling for gender apartheid to be recognized as a crime under international law. This comes after long & careful discussion w/many colleagues about if there is need for such a law and any potential downsides. www.justsecurity.org/116780/gende...
justsecurity.org
Gender Apartheid Should Be an International Crime
All States should ensure the inclusion of gender apartheid in international law, including in the draft crimes against humanity treaty.
110759
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
David Leopold @davidleopold.bsky.social · 15/07/2025
Due process isn’t optional. Stripping bond hearings and forced incarceration immigrants is state-sanctioned cruelty. www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/...
washingtonpost.com
ICE declares millions of undocumented immigrants ineligible for bond hearings
A memo from ICE’s acting director instructs officers to hold immigrants who entered the country illegally “for the duration of their removal proceedings,” which can take months or years.
177
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Nadia Hardman @nadiahardman.bsky.social · 15/07/2025
🚨New @hrw.org finds that #Thailand is threatening, extorting, and detaining #Myanmar nationals who have fled the abusive military junta to seek safety in Thailand. The Thai government should introduce a temporary protection regime for Myanmar nationals. www.hrw.org/news/2025/07...
01014
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 23/05/2025
HRW denuncia expulsiones abusivas de EE. UU. y cuestiona el rol de Costa Rica @rfi.fr www.rfi.fr/es/programas...
rfi.fr
Noticias de América - HRW denuncia expulsiones abusivas de EE. UU. y cuestiona el rol de Costa Rica
La ONG HRW denuncia que Estados Unidos expulsó 'injustamente' a 200 personas de diversos países, incluidos menores de edad, tras retenerlos 'en condiciones de detención abusivas' antes de trasladarlos...
010
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 23/05/2025
HRW denuncia el trato “abusivo” contra los 200 inmigrantes deportados de Estados Unidos a Costa Rica @elpais.com elpais.com/us/migracion...
elpais.com
HRW denuncia el trato “abusivo” contra los 200 inmigrantes deportados de Estados Unidos a Costa Rica
Un informe de Human Rights Watch denuncia la expulsión arbitraria de este grupo de extranjeros y los “mensajes contradictorios” que recibieron por parte de las autoridades costarricenses
020
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Shoaib M Khan @shoaibmkhan.bsky.social · 23/05/2025
The Trump administration is trying to end an immigration policy that requires govt to provide basic rights to detained child immigrants. The agreement limits the time children can be detained and requires them to be provided with adequate food, water & clothes. www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025...
theguardian.com
Trump administration seeks to end basic rights and protections for child immigrants in its custody
Flores Settlement Agreement limits how long children can be detained and requires they be provided with food, water and clean clothes
033
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
The Rushed, Blundering Effort to Send Deportees to Third Countries Many of those sent to countries that aren’t their own are at heightened risk for abuse. @nickmiroff.bsky.social @theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com/politics/arc...
theatlantic.com
The Rushed, Blundering Effort to Send Deportees to Third Countries
Many of those sent to countries that aren’t their own are at heightened risk for abuse.
010
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
Human Rights Watch: Costa Rica dañó su legado histórico al colaborar con Estados Unidos en deportación de migrantes Lucía Astorga de La Nación www.nacion.com/politica/hum...
nacion.com
Human Rights Watch: Costa Rica dañó su legado histórico al colaborar con Estados Unidos en deportación de migrantes
La organización internacional Human Rights Watch emitió fuertes críticas contra el acuerdo migratorio entre los gobiernos de Rodrigo Chaves y Donald Trump
000
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Libération @liberation.fr · 22/05/2025
L’archipel espagnol des Canaries, confronté à un afflux massif de migrants en provenance d’Afrique, est régulièrement épinglé pour les conditions indignes d’accueil des mineurs isolés, entre agressions, surpopulation, et manque de personnel qualifié. Lire :
liberation.fr
Aux îles Canaries, des réfugiés mineurs victimes de violence et d’insultes racistes
L’archipel espagnol des Canaries, confronté à un afflux massif de migrants en provenance d’Afrique, est régulièrement épinglé pour les conditions indignes d’accueil des mineurs isolés, entre agressions, surpopulation, et manque de personnel
094
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
National Center for Youth Law (NCYL) @youthlaw.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
NEW: Today, the Trump admin filed to end the Flores Settlement-an agreement that provides basic safeguards for children in federal immigration custody. We, @chrclla.bsky.social & @childrens-rights.bsky.social will keep fighting to defend these children’s health & safety. youthlaw.org/news/trump-a...
youthlaw.org
Trump administration moves to end settlement that protects immigrant children; Flores counsel vow to defend vital safeguards | National Center for Youth Law
Today, the Trump administration filed a motion to terminate the Flores Settlement Agreement, which for years has set the standards for the humane treatment of immigrant children in government custody,...
710269
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
США: выдворенные в Коста-Рику искатели убежища сообщают о нарушениях их прав www.hrw.org/ru/news/2025...
hrw.org
США: выдворенные в Коста-Рику искатели убежища сообщают о нарушениях их прав
Соединенные Штаты Америки должны предложить вернуть на свою территорию около 200 граждан третьих стран, в том числе детей, которые были незаконно выдворены в Коста-Рику в феврале, и рассмотреть их зая...
000
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
Inmigrantes fueron expulsados "injustamente" de Estados Unidos a Costa Rica en febrero, según HRW larepublica.pe/estados-unid...
larepublica.pe
Inmigrantes fueron expulsados "injustamente" de Estados Unidos a Costa Rica en febrero, según HRW
Estados Unidos deberá retornar y procesar las solicitudes de asilo de cerca de 200 inmigrantes, incluidos 81 niños de hasta 17 años, que fueron enviados a Costa Rica sin el debido proceso y en condici...
000
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
HRW: EE. UU. expulsó "injustamente" a migrantes a Costa Rica www.dw.com/es/hrw-ee-uu...
dw.com
HRW: EE. UU. expulsó "injustamente" a migrantes a Costa Rica – DW – 22/05/2025
Estados Unidos debería retornar y tramitar las solicitudes de asilo de unos 200 nacionales de terceros países, incluidos niños, expulsados "​​injustamente" a Costa Rica en febrero, exige Human Rights ...
010
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
HRW exige a EEUU revertir expulsiones de migrantes a Costa Rica cb24.tv/2025/05/22/h...
cb24.tv
HRW exige a EEUU revertir expulsiones de migrantes a Costa Rica - CB24
Human Rights Watch (HRW) denunció que unos 200 migrantes de terceros países —incluidos 81 niños— fueron expulsados injustamente desde Estados Unidos a Costa Rica en febrero, sin poder ejercer su derec...
000
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
Costa Rica has sullied its proud reputation as a country that defends human rights and protects refugees. It can and should provide meaningful, practical, immediate redress to the people it accepted, including by giving people language training, job placement assistance, and other support.
000
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
The US government should offer to bring back and hear the asylum claims of everyone it wrongfully expelled to Costa Rica.
000
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
Once in Costa Rica, people received mixed messages about the options open to them. Children have had no access to education. For 2 months, everyone was arbitrarily deprived of their liberty in a remote migrant center 300 km from the capital.
000
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
People expelled to Costa Rica had no connection to that country. None were Costa Rican citizens. Many had never been there. Some could not find it on a map.
011
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
US expulsions to Costa Rica followed weeks and in some cases more than a month of detention in squalid, overcrowded US immigration holding cells. These transfers provided no notice, no chance to seek asylum, and no opportunity to challenge the government's decision.
010
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Jo Becker @jobeckerhrw.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
New @hrw.org research on 200 asylum seekers, including 81 children, expelled from the US to Costa Rica in February. "It’s reprehensible to dump families in a country they never chose, with no process and no regard for their safety," says @michaelbochenek.bsky.social www.hrw.org/news/2025/05...
hrw.org
US: Asylum Seekers Expelled to Costa Rica Detail Abuses
The United States should offer to bring back and hear the asylum claims of approximately 200 third-party nationals, including children, who were wrongfully expelled to Costa Rica in February.
034
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
En février, les États-Unis ont expulsé sommairement vers le Costa Rica 200 ressortissants de pays tiers, dont 81 enfants. Ils détaillent les abus dont ils ont été victimes dans les deux pays dans un rapport de @hrw-fr.hrw.org publié aujourd'hui. www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025...
hrw.org
États-Unis : Des demandeurs d’asile expulsés vers le Costa Rica décrivent des abus
Le Costa Rica devrait aider les ressortissants de pays tiers et refuser de futurs transferts.
022
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
En febrero, Estados Unidos expulsó sumariamente a Costa Rica a 200 ciudadanos de terceros países, entre ellos 81 niños. En los últimos dos meses, hemos entrevistado a 36 de ellos. En un informe de @hrwespanol.bsky.social publicado hoy, detallan los abusos que sufrieron. www.hrw.org/es/news/2025...
hrw.org
Estados Unidos: Solicitantes de asilo expulsados a Costa Rica detallan abusos
El gobierno de Estados Unidos debería ofrecerse a traer de vuelta y atender las solicitudes de asilo de aproximadamente 200 ciudadanos de terceros países, incluidos niños, niñas y adolescentes, que fu...
001
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 22/05/2025
The US summarily expelled 200 third-country nationals, including 81 children, to Costa Rica in February. We interviewed 36 of them over the last two months. They detail the abuses they faced in both countries in a @hrw.org report out today. www.hrw.org/news/2025/05...
hrw.org
US: Asylum Seekers Expelled to Costa Rica Detail Abuses
The United States should offer to bring back and hear the asylum claims of approximately 200 third-party nationals, including children, who were wrongfully expelled to Costa Rica in February.
032
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
ProPublica @propublica.org · 20/04/2025
“We live just in constant terror of the wrong person finding out that we have an 11-year-old trans child. … All it takes is one wrong person getting that information, and what we could end up going through, becoming a target, is horrifying.” By @phoebepetrovic.bsky.social
propublica.org
Wisconsin’s Name-Change Law Raises Safety Risks for Transgender People
A 167-year-old statute requires trans people to publish their old and new names in a newspaper. Families and advocates worry the requirement now poses a risk as President Donald Trump has attacked…
21629134
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Lynn Roseberry, LL.M, Ph.D. @lynnroseberry.bsky.social · 18/04/2025
“They walked the full length of the train and questioned every single passenger about their citizenship status. According to the conductor, who has worked nearly 40 years on that route, this was a first. In all his decades of service, federal agents have never boarded his train like this.”
1771677932
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Border Criminologies @bordercrim.bsky.social · 11/04/2025
[New Blog 🖋️] Manuel Alejandro Núñez Ochoa describes how undisclosed, informal, verbal, and non-public US externalisation and detainment agreements leave asylum seekers and refugees criminalised and in a state of limbo: blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/border-crimi...
Shows a blog title, authorship, and pull quote. Reads: The new unofficial, informal and undisclosed asylum externalisation and offshoring detention system of the US. By Manuel Alejandro Núñez Ochoa. Quote: “The US administration arranged off-shoring migrant detention and externalisation through undisclosed, informal, verbal, and non-public agreements to avoid the oversight of human rights by different actors”
042
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Zama Neff @zamahrw.bsky.social · 10/04/2025
South Sudan's use of air-dropped incendiary weapons In Upper Nile has killed & horrifically burned dozens, including children, & destroyed civilian infrastructure. Urgent protection of civilians needed. New @hrw research: www.hrw.org/news/2025/04...
034
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Heather Barr @heatherbarr.bsky.social · 07/04/2025
Important new report from @hrw.org on the rollback of reproductive rights in Romania. www.hrw.org/news/2025/04...
nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com
Romania: Dangerous Rollback of Reproductive Rights
The sexual and reproductive health and rights of women and girls, including the right to abortion and family planning methods, have been significantly eroded in Romania, Human Rights Watch said in a r...
0410
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 06/04/2025
Migrantes y refugiados expulsados desde Estados Unidos enfrentan incertidumbre en Costa Rica Sin pasaporte, rodeados de policías y sin respuestas: la vida de los deportados en el Catem www.nacion.com/sucesos/de-f...
nacion.com
Sin pasaporte, rodeados de policías y sin respuestas: la vida de los deportados en el Catem
En el Catem viven 110 personas deportadas por el gobierno de Donald Trump. No tienen ni siquiera el pasaporte que les conceda un nombre y cada día despiertan con la incertidumbre de qué será de ellos.
001
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 06/04/2025
US “border czar” Tom Homan’s claim that family immigration detention is an “open air campus” re-ups the Trump admin 1.0 likening of these abusive lockups to “a summer camp.” That description was disingenuous and callous then, and it’s dangerously untrue now. www.hrw.org/news/2018/08...
hrw.org
US Family Detention Centers Not ‘Like Summer Camp’
Matthew Albence, acting deputy director of US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), told the Senate Judiciary Committee that ICE’s family detention centers are “like a summer camp.” There’s no co...
000
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Bronwen Manby @bronwenmanby.bsky.social · 05/04/2025
@hrw.org Germany: CDU/CSU conservative political parties propose amendment to nationality code to permit the deprivation of German nationality from dual nationals if they are deemed “supporters of terrorism, antisemites and extremists.” #citizenshipdeprivation www.hrw.org/news/2025/04...
hrw.org
German Proposal to Strip Citizenship Endangers Human Rights
A leaked paper reveals that Germany’s conservative political parties want to add a clause to Germany’s Nationality Law to allow the country to revoke German nationality from dual nationals if they are...
055
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Alice Autin @aliceautin.bsky.social · 04/04/2025
🚨The European Union should defend the International Criminal Court amid serious attacks on its mandate & mission, say 58 NGOs. These attacks could undermine justice for victims of serious international crimes around the world. www.hrw.org/news/2025/04...
hrw.org
EU Should Defend the ICC
The European Union should defend the International Criminal Court (ICC) amid serious attacks on its mandate and mission, 57 nongovernmental groups said today. These attacks could undermine justice for...
144
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
AILA @aila.org · 04/04/2025
"One of the most contentious immigration policies in recent decades has been the detention of undocumented immigrant families. The Trump admin plans to detain thousands more in an effort to crack down on border crossings and legal pathways to asylum."
to.pbs.org
Trump administration resumes family detention in immigration crackdown
One of the most contentious immigration policies in recent decades has been the detention of undocumented immigrant families. The Trump administration plans to detain thousands more in an effort to cr...
011
Michael Bochenek @michaelbochenek.bsky.social · 04/04/2025
Italy's decision to begin offshore detention in Albania will replicate--and compound--existing deficiencies. "Attempts to offload migration responsibilities and move people out of sight are cruel and unrealistic," my @hrw.org colleague Jude Sunderland writes. www.hrw.org/news/2025/04...
hrw.org
New Risks from Latest Scheme under Italy-Albania Immigration Deal
After building immigration facilities in Albania that now stand empty, the Italian government has decided to turn one of them into an offshore detention center.
010
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Max Kozlov @maxkozlov.bsky.social · 03/04/2025
NEW: After cancelling nearly all projects on trans health, the Trump admin has now directed the NIH to study the negative consequences of transitioning. This will create “a distorted research ecosystem where only politically favorable findings are permitted to exist”, researcher Harry Barbee says.
nature.com
Exclusive: Trump White House directs NIH to study ‘regret’ after transgender people transition
After cancelling nearly all NIH projects studying transgender health, Trump’s team instructs the US biomedical agency to study negative consequences of transitioning.
671225570
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Greg Sargent @gregsargent.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
Quite the quote from the lawyer for the Salvadoran man who was deported in "error": “There’s no limiting principle to that lawlessness. [It represents] the ultimate supremacy of power over law. We’re asking the court to reaffirm the supremacy of law over power.” newrepublic.com/article/1934...
251582497
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Human Rights Watch @hrw.org · 02/04/2025
The Trump administration has admitted it committed an "error" when it deported Kilmar Abrego García, a Salvadoran resident of Maryland, back to El Salvador last month. The administration should work with the Salvadoran government to ensure his safety.
1820277
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Kyle Cheney @kyledcheney.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
JUST IN: A federal judge has ordered the Trump administration to restore funds for programs that provides legal services to unaccompanied minors children in immigration proceedings. storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.us...
7073901532
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Bede Sheppard @bedeonkidrights.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
In a bit of GOOD NEWS🥳: Japan's parliament this week voted to (finally) make public high school education available free to all (again). An explanation here: www.hrw.org/news/2025/04... #ChildRights
hrw.org
Japan Makes High School Education Free – Again
Japan’s parliament, the Diet, voted this week to make public high school free for all children. Tuition fees had been abolished in 2010, but then reinstated in 2013.
001
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Lou Charbonneau @loucharb.bsky.social · 01/04/2025
For interested folks in the UK, here's a great opportunity to work as a human rights advocacy officer at @hrw.org with the fabulous @yasmineahmed.bsky.social and the rest of the team in London. job-boards.greenhouse.io/humanrightsw...
012
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Jonathan Blitzer @jonathanblitzer.bsky.social · 01/04/2025
Ronna Rísquez, a Venezuelan journalist who’s written *the* book on Tren de Aragua, told me, “The truth is that a tattoo identifying Tren de Aragua does not exist…Tren de Aragua does not use any tattoos as a form of gang identification; no Venezuelan gang does.” www.newyorker.com/news/annals-...
newyorker.com
The Makeup Artist Donald Trump Deported Under the Alien Enemies Act
The President has invoked the law to send Venezuelans to prison in El Salvador without due process—and, in many cases, under false pretenses.
185
Reposted by Michael Bochenek
Aaron Reichlin-Melnick @reichlinmelnick.bsky.social · 30/03/2025
NEW: @aclu.org obtained ICE's "Alien Enemies Act Validation Guide," confirming all it takes to be sent to rot in prison in El Salvador is being Venezuelan and 1) having a tattoo an ICE officer says is a "gang tattoo" and 2) displaying "logos," "symbols" or clothes an ICE officer says are gang signs.
ALIEN ENEMIES ACT:
ALIEN ENEMY VALIDATION GUIDE
In the case of: ________________________________ A-File No:__________________
1. The person named above is fourteen years or older:
2. The person named above is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United
States:
3. The person named above is a citizen of Venezuela:
If any of these three requirements are not satisfied, the person named above shall not
be ordered removed under the Alien Enemies Act (AEA). In such a case, you should consult
your supervisor and the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA), U.S. Immigration and
Customs Enforcement, and, where applicable, initiate removal proceedings under the
Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).
4. The person named above is validated as a member of Tren de Aragua (TDA), as
determined by reference to the following evaluation form:
Instructions: Complete the following validation evaluation form for each suspected
alien targeted for removal under the AEA, or, following apprehension, for each alien
potentially subject to an AEA removal.
After accounting for the two comments below, aliens scoring 8 points and higher are
validated as members of TDA; you should proceed with issuing Form AEA-21B, titled, “Notice
and Warrant of Apprehension and Removal under the Alien Enemies Act.” Aliens scoring 6 or
7 points may be validated as members of TDA; you should consult with a supervisor and
OPLA, reviewing the totality of the facts, before making that determination; if you determine
an alien should not be validated at this time as a member of TDA, when available, you should
initiate removal proceedings under the INA. Alien scoring 5 points or less should not be
validated at this time as member of TDA; when available, you should initiate removal
proceedings under the INA.The following alt-text is excerpted of a larger checklist, as the whole page doesn't fit within alt-text character limits.

Comment 2: For purposes of validating an alien as a member of TDA, at least one
scoring category must involve conduct occurring, or information received, within the past five
years.
Valuation Explanation
Category Definition Explanation Points
Judicial
Outcomes and
Official
Documents
a. Subject has been convicted of violating Title 18, United States Code,
Section 521 or any other federal or state law criminalizing or imposing
civil penalties for activity related to TDA
10
b. Court records (e.g., indictments, criminal complaints, sentencing
memorandums) identifying the subject as a member of TDA, describing
specific activity of TDA
5
Self-Admission
a. Subject self-identifies as a member or associate of TDA verbally or in
writing to law enforcement officer, even if that self identification to a
law enforcement officer is unwitting, e.g., through lawful interception of
communications.
10
Criminal
Conduct and
Information
a. Subject participates in criminal activity (e.g., narcotics trafficking,
human smuggling, etc.) with other members of TDA, including
preparatory meetings and significant incidents directly attributed to TDA
6
b. Law enforcement or intelligence reporting identifying subject as a
member of TDA, to include Bureau of Prisons validations and reliable
foreign partner information.
4
c. Credible testimonies/statements from victims, community members, or
informants that affirm the subject’s membership in or allegiance to TDA. 3
d. Detailed open-source media (e.g., newspapers, investigative journalism
reports) that describe arrest, prosecution, or operations of a subject as a
member of TDA
2
e. Subject conducts and/or facilitates business with TDA (e.g., money
laundering, mule, service provider) 2
Documents and
Communications
Final page: Association
a. Surveillance documentation that a subject is frequently observed closely
associating with known leaders and members of TDA 2
b. Subject part of group photos with two or more known members of TDA 2
c. Subject presently resides with known members of TDA 2
Total Points
VALIDATION DETERMINATION
Note: If any of the four requirements are not satisfied, do not
complete this validation determination.
Based on the validation guide and instructions above, including Comments 1 and 2, I find
that the person named above, _______________________________________________:
1. Is fourteen years or older;
2. Is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States;
3. Is a citizen of Venezuela; and
4. Is a member of Tren de Aragua.
Accordingly, the above-named person is validated as an Alien Enemy.
 _____________________ _________________________ __________________
 Name of Agent/officer Signature of agent/officer Date
 completing the form completing the form
 ______________________ _________________________ ____________________
 Name of Supervisor Signature of Supervisor Date
531134096692