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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

For further details, see my 2018 essay in @twqgw.bsky.social. The situation is different now that Israel has already attacked but some of the conclusions may still hold. doi.org/10.1080/0163... 8/8

doi.org

When Preventive War Threats Work for Nuclear Nonproliferation

Published in The Washington Quarterly (Vol. 41, No. 3, 2018)

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

In sum, the following things would increase the odds of success: 1. Belief that the US/Israel knew the location of all relevant nuclear materials and components and could destroy them 2. Iran's ability or willingness to forcefully retaliate is reduced. 3. Iran resolve to get a nuke now goes down 7/

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

3. The target’s costs of conflict exceed its determination to proliferate. How costly is US involvement in the war for Iran? Are those costs greater than its desire for a bomb? If yes, the odds of success for a US threat go up. 6/

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

2. The threat-maker’s costs of attacking are low relative to the stakes. The stakes for the US are clear. POTUS has consistently said that Iran can't get the bomb. More uncertainty about how Iran might retaliate. If the costs would be massive for the US, the credibility of its threat goes down. 5/

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

Maybe the bigger challenge is the uranium that Iran has already enriched and its centrifuge components. Does the US or Israel know for sure where this stuff is and have confidence they can destroy it? If the answer is no, this complicates things for the US. 4/

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

I have questions about exactly how far underground Fordow is. For years, public sources said 200-300 feet. Now lots of sources are saying half a mile -- 2,640 feet -- apparently based on comments by IAEA DG Grossi. Big difference b/n 300 and 2,640. 3/

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

Condition 1: The threat-maker has the capacity to erode the nuclear program. Here one challenge is the Fordow enrichment plant, buried deep underground. Could the US destroy it in airstrikes using GBU-57 bunker busters? Probably. But I wouldn't say success is guaranteed. 2/

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 19/06/2025

The US may be using threats to attack Iran's nuclear facilities to get Iran to the negotiating table. Will it work? I can't credibly answer that. But I can tell you the factors that influence whether this type of threat works. There's 3 conditions for success, based on my research. 1/

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 18/06/2025

On preventive strikes: Feaver and Niou 1996 ISQ Reiter 2006 Nonpro Rev. Goldstein 2006 book Ramberg 2006 BAS Fuhrmann and Kreps JCR 2010 JSS 2011 Whitlark 2021 book Ludvik 2019 Debs and Monteiro 2017 book Fuhrmann 2018 TWQ Bas and Coe 2016 JCR 2018 ISQ Spaniel 2019 book Braut-Heggehammer 2016 book

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Reposted by Matt Fuhrmann

Elizabeth N. Saunders @profsaunders.bsky.social · 18/06/2025

🧵IR scholars, let's start a thread of what we know that's relevant for a US attack on Iran. Won't change any minds, but might help us teach this crisis and learn new angles. Please add (incl. your own work!), forgive/correct omissions. Nobody can cover everything and it's great to find new work. 1/?

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 17/06/2025

For context on Israel-Iran, here's a list of cases where countries considered or used military force to stop nuclear proliferation in peacetime. It's from my new @cambup-polsci.cambridge.org book Influence Without Arms. Chapter 6 is devoted to explaining why preventive strikes happen.

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William Spaniel @gametheory101.bsky.social · 12/06/2025

Curious about a potential strike against Iran? I spoke to an expert (@mcfuhrmann.bsky.social) on preventive action targeting nuclear programs last month. Still relevant today! Skip to 24:52. www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqVx...

youtube.com

Nuclear Ambitions and Preventive War, from Kyiv to Tehran (Feat. Matt Fuhrmann)

YouTube video by Lines on Maps Extra

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William Spaniel @gametheory101.bsky.social · 05/05/2025

After a long break, Lines on Maps Extra is back! Today, the topic is Ukraine's nuclear pathways, with some bonus thoughts about Iran. I brought in @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social, a professor and expert on nuclear proliferation, to share his thoughts. www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqVx...

youtube.com

From Kyiv to Tehran: Nuclear Ambitions and Global Tensions (Feat. Matt Fuhrmann)

YouTube video by Lines on Maps Extra

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 12/02/2025

Had a great time visiting Carnegie Mellon’s @cmist-cmu.bsky.social to talk about my new book “Influence Without Arms.” Link to video is below if you’re interested in checking it out.

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Reposted by Matt Fuhrmann

Taylor Fravel @fravel.bsky.social · 21/12/2024

Great opportunity for recent or soon to be college graduates

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 25/11/2024

New job alert. The Council on Foreign Relations is searching for a Stanton Nuclear Security Senior Fellow: careers-cfr.icims.com/jobs/2615/st...

careers-cfr.icims.com

Council on Foreign RelationsLogoSearchSearchPlayPlayLogo

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 13/11/2024

Thanks, Maria. Your help with Egyptian sources was super helpful, and you'll see that cited in Chapter 2!

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 13/11/2024

I hope you'll check it out! It's the culmination of nearly a decade of work. There were times I thought I'd never get to the end. Excited to now share this!

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 13/11/2024

Can countries gain leverage over adversaries and allies with nuclear technology even if they don't have assembled bombs? Why does seeking nuclear technology sometimes invite military attacks? When do we see nuclear arms races?

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 13/11/2024

The book helps answer some big questions: Why have only 10 countries built nuclear weapons? Would the world be safer and more secure if all nuclear powers disarmed? Will Iran or South Korea build nuclear weapons in the coming months/years?

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 13/11/2024

It's publication week! Influence Without Arms: The New Logic of Deterrence is now available: www.cambridge.org/9781108824071. The book examines the role of nuclear technology in international relations.

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Matt Fuhrmann @mcfuhrmann.bsky.social · 20/09/2023

Can you please add me to polisky?

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