Constitutional scholarship has traditionally focused on formal constitutional actors: courts, legislatures, and executives. These actors are often regarded as p

This chapter surveys Chinese constitutional developments in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. This period corresponds roughly with the tenure of Hu

This chapter addresses interpretive challenges that arise when courts are asked to construe or apply the laws of authoritarian legal systems. Whereas scholars h

Constitutional scholarship has traditionally focused on formal constitutional actors: courts, legislatures, and executives. These actors are often regarded as p

Introduction Monist theories about law—theories that explain entire legal systems with a single construct—pervade the study of Chinese law. We know them by their shorthand: rule by law, rule of man, o...

Part I outlines the constitutional framework of India’s justice system and how the Modi government has sought to exploit the system’s weaknesses.